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Örüg Temür Khan

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Örüg Temür Khan (Gulichi)
Khagan of the Mongols
File:オルク・テムル・ハーン.jpg
Khagan of Northern Yuan dynasty
Reign1402–1408
Coronation1402
PredecessorGün Temür Khan
SuccessorÖljei Temür Khan
Born1379
Died1408 (aged 28–29)
HouseTorghud or House of Ogedei(?) of the Borjigin
DynastyNorthern Yuan dynasty

Örüg Temür (Chinese: 兀雷帖木兒汗) or Gulichi[1] (Chinese: 鬼力赤) (1379 - 1408) was a Mongol leader who temporarily enthroned himself Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia in the early 15th century. He might also have been known as Ugechi Khashikha (Chinese: 烏格齊哈什哈). "Khashikha" means prince or duke in the Tungusic languages. He was a leader of the Oirats, particularly the Torguud clan. Örüg Temür may have been descended from either Ariq Böke or Genghis Khan's younger brothers, either Hasar or Temüge.[2] He may also have been a descendant of Ogedai.[3] Thus, it is still unclear whether he was an Oirat or Genghisid.

Elbeg Khan (1400–1402) appointed Bahamu (Batlai, Mahamu, Muhamud) ruler of the Four Oirats after he had mistakenly executed his father Taifu. The Khagan's decision disappointed the Oirat leader Gulichi (or Örüg Temür?). Gulichi and Bahamu organized the plot to kill Elbeg and succeeded; the former seized the family and property of the late Khagan. Gulichi became the new Khan in 1402, and abolished the name Yuan Dynasty.

Reign

Gulichi appointed Arughtai of the Asud chingsang of the Eastern Mongols. According to the Ming annals, he might have nominated a Tatar Khan. The Yongle Emperor made overtures to Gulichi and his principal retainer Arughtai to establish a relationship within Ming China's tributary system, but Gulichi and Arughtai rejected it.[4] They also poisoned Engke Temur, Prince of Hami, who had allied with the Ming.[4] However, Gulichi was defeated by Öljei Temür Khan, the Borjigin monarch, in 1403. In 1408, his former chingsang and noyan Arughtai killed him after a conflict erupted between them. He was succeeded by his son Esekhu (died 1425).

See also

References

  1. ^ 東京外国語大学. アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所-アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究, Issues 27–30, p. 152.
  2. ^ List of Mongolian rulers
  3. ^ C. P. Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, list of heads of Mongolia
  4. ^ a b Ed. Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8, p. 227.
  • René Grousset - Empire of Steppes
  • Ж.Бор - Монгол хийгээд Евразийн дипломат шаштир БОТЬ 3
Regnal titles
Preceded by Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty
1402–1408 		Succeeded by
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