Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1, also known as ALDH1A1 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A1 gene.[5][6]
Function
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of this enzyme, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations; this gene encodes the main cytosolic isoform, which has a lower affinity for aldehydes than the mitochondrial enzyme.[7] Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of East Asians have only the cytosolic isozyme, missing the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among East Asians than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of the mitochondrial isozyme. Furthermore, mutations in this enzyme have been linked to alcoholism in humans.[8][9]
ALDH1A1 also belongs to the group of cornealcrystallins that help maintain the transparency of the cornea.[10]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Pereira F, Rosenmann E, Nylen E, Kaufman M, Pinsky L, Wrogemann K (March 1991). "The 56 kDa androgen binding protein is an aldehyde dehydrogenase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 175 (3): 831–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91640-X. PMID1709013.
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Wan C, Shi Y, Zhao X, Tang W, Zhang M, Ji B, Zhu H, Xu Y, Li H, Feng G, He L (November 2009). "Positive association between ALDH1A2 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 33 (8): 1491–5. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.008. PMID19703508. S2CID32862839.