The Wootz steel production process started in the 6th century BC and exported globally by Chera dynasty what was termed the finest steel in the world, i.e. Seric Iron to the Romans, Egyptians, Chinese and Arabs by 500 BC and was used to make the famous damascus blades[8][9][10][11]
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea gives a detailed description of early Chera and Pandya kingdom and mentions a part of the Tamil country as Lymirike (misread as "Damirica" by some modern scholars).[19]
Pallava Nadivarman III leads an invasion against the Pandya kingdom and defeats the Pandyas at the battle of Tellaru. Pallava kingdom extends up to the river Vaigai
c. 859
Pandya Srivallaba defeats the Pallavas at a battle at Kumbakonam
c. 862
Sinhala forces under Sena II invade the Pandya country and sack Madurai. Srimara is killed in battle
Chola period
Period
Events
c. 903
Chola defeats the Pallava king Adithya Aparajita [25]
Sundara Pandian, son of Kulasekara Pandiyan, kills his father and becomes king. In the ensuing civil war he is defeated by his brother Vira Pandiyan.[32]
1311
Malik Kafur, invades Pandiya country and attacks Madurai[31]
Vellore Mutiny East India Company's Indian soldiers in Vellore mutiny against governor Bentinck in Vellore fort. 114 British officers killed and 19 mutineers executed.
British rule
Period
Events
1892
British government passes the Indian Councils Act
1909
'Minto-Morley Reforms'. Madras Legislative Council formed
1921
First regional elections held in Madras. Justice party forms government[36]
1927
Madras Congress passes a resolution for 'Full Independence'
1928
Simon Commission visits Madras. Mass protests result in several deaths
1937
Congress party under C. Rajagopalachari wins provincial elections and forms government in Madras
1938
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy organises a separatist agitation demanding Dravida Nadu consisting of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
1941
Indian Muslim League holds its congress in Madras. Muhammad Ali Jinnah delivers keynote speech
^Ward, Gerald W. R. (2008). The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 380. ISBN978-0-19531-391-8.
^Marine archaeological explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar region on Tamil Nadu coast, Rao, S.R.. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. II, July 1991. Available online at [1]Archived 2011-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
^Gaur A. S. and Sundaresh, Underwater Exploration off Poompuhar and possible causes of its Submergence, 1998, Puratattva, 28: 84-90. Available online at [2]
^"Indian town sees evidence of ancient tsunami", Associated Press report, Poompuhar,1/14/2005. Available online at [3]
^Allan Dahlaquist. Megasthenes and Indian Religion
^Keay, John (2000) [2001]. India: A history. India: Grove Press. ISBN0-8021-3797-0.
^Singh, Upinder (2009). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India 1st Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. ISBN978-8131716779.