Jump to content

Byeonhan confederacy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 112.161.102.207 (talk) at 14:21, 28 February 2013 (→Member statelets). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Byeonhan confederacy
Hangul
[변한 or 변진 ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
Hanja
[弁韓 or 弁辰 ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
Revised RomanizationByeonhan or Byeonjin
McCune–ReischauerPyŏnhan or Pyŏnjin

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula. Byeonhan was one of the Samhan (or "Three Hans"), along with Mahan and Jinhan.

History

Part of a series on the
History of Korea
thum
Prehistoric period
Palaeolithic 700,000 BC-8000 BC
Neolithic 8000 BC–1500 BC
* Jeulmun
Bronze Age 1500 BC–300 BC
* Mumun
* Liaoning dagger
Ancient period
Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC
* Dangun
* Gija
* Wiman
Jin 4th–2nd century BC
Yemaek
Proto–Three Kingdoms period
Three Kingdoms period
Goguryeo 37 BC–668 AD
Baekje 18 BC–660 AD
Silla 57 BC–935 AD
Gaya confederacy 42–562
Tamna (Tributary of Baekje) 498–660
Usan 512–930
Northern and Southern period
United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–892
Balhae 698–926
Little Goguryeo 699–820
Tamna (Tributary of Silla) 662–925
Later Three Kingdoms period
Later Baekje 892–936
Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918
Unified Silla (Later Silla) 892–935
Later Sabeol 919–927
Dongdan Kingdom 926–936
Later Balhae 927–935
Jeongan 938–986
Dynastic period
Goryeo 918–1392
Tamna (Vassal of Goryeo) 938–1105
Heungyo 1029–1030
Joseon 1392–1897
Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period
Japanese occupation 1910–1945
Provisional Government 1919–1948
Modern period
Military governments 1945–1948
North-South division 1945–present
* North 1948–present
* South 1948–present
By topic
Timeline
map Korea portal

This early part of the Three Kingdoms period is sometimes called the Proto–Three Kingdoms period.

Byeonhan, like the other Samhan confederacies, appear descended from the Jin state of southern Korea.

Archaeological evidence indicates an increase in military activity and weapons production among the Byeonhan in the 3rd century, especially an increase in iron arrowheads and cuirasses (Barnes 2000). This may be associated with the decline of Byeonhan and the rise of the more centralized Gaya Confederacy, which most Byeonhan states joined. Gaya was subsequently annexed by Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Culture and trade

The Chinese Records of Three Kingdoms state that the language and culture of Byeonhan was essentially the same as Jinhan, and archaeological artifacts show little difference. Byeonhan may have simply referred to the chiefdoms in the south and west of the Nakdong River valley which were not formal members of the Jinhan confederacy.

According to the 3rd century Chinese chronicle Records of Three Kingdoms, Byeonhan was known for the production of iron; it exported iron to the Han commanderies to the north, Yamato Japan and the rest of the Korean peninsula. It was also a center of stoneware manufacture.

Member statelets

According to the Records of Three Kingdoms, Byeonhan consisted of 12 statelets:

  • Mirimidong (미리미동국/彌離彌凍國), present-day Miryang.
  • Jeopdo (접도국/接塗國), present-day Haman.
  • Gojamidong (고자미동국/古資彌凍國), present-day Goseong.
  • Gosunsi (고순시국/古淳是國), present-day Jinju, Sacheon or Goseong.
  • Ballo (반로국/半路國), present-day Seongju.
  • Nangno (낙노국/樂奴國), present-day Hadong or Namhae.
  • Gunmi (군미국/軍彌國), present-day Sacheon.
  • Mioyama (미오야마국/彌烏邪馬國), present-day Goryeong.
  • Gamno (감로국/甘路國), present-day Gimcheon.
  • Guya (구야국/狗邪國), present-day Gimhae.
  • Jujoma (주조마국/走漕馬國), present-day Gimcheon.
  • Anya (안야국/安邪國), present-day Haman.
  • Dongno (독로국/瀆盧國), present-day Dongnae.

See also

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byeonhan_confederacy&oldid=541249202"