Bytown (Province of Canada electoral district)
 Province of Canada electoral district | |
|---|---|
| Defunct pre-Confederation electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada |
| District created | 1841 |
| District abolished | 1867 |
| First contested | 1841 |
| Last contested | 1863 |
Bytown was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The district represented the town of Bytown, in Canada West, which was re-named Ottawa in 1855. The electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada, from the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was renamed to Ottawa following the renaming of the city.
Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.
Boundaries
[edit]Bytown electoral district was primarily centred on the town of Bytown, Canada West (now Ottawa, Ontario). It was located on the south shore of the Ottawa River, which was the boundary with Canada East, now the province of Quebec.
The Union Act, 1840 merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.[1] Prior to the Union, Bytown had been included in the electoral district of the County of Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, but the Union Act provided that Bytown would constitute a separate electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of the new Parliament.[2]
The Union Act gave the Governor General of the Province of Canada the power to draw the boundaries for the electoral district.[3] The first Governor General, Lord Sydenham, issued a proclamation shortly after the formation of the Province of Canada in early 1841, establishing the boundaries for the electoral district:
Members of the Legislative Assembly
[edit]Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.[2] The following were the members for Bytown.
| Parliament | Years | Member[5] | Party[6] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Parliament 1841–1844 |
1841–1844 | Stewart Derbishire | Moderate Reformer |
| 2nd Parliament 1844–1847 |
1844–1847 | William Stewart | Conservative |
| 3rd Parliament 1848–1851 |
1848–1851 | John Scott | Conservative |
| 4th Parliament 1852–1854 |
1852–1854 | Daniel McLachlin | Reformer |
| 5th Parliament 1854–1857 |
1854–1857 | Agar Yielding | Conservative |
| 6th Parliament 1858–1861 |
1858–1861 | Richard William Scott | Liberal-Conservative |
| 7th Parliament 1861–1863 |
1861–1863 | ||
| 8th Parliament 1863–1866 |
1863–1866 | Joseph Merrill Currier | Conservative |
Significant elections
[edit]In the first general election of 1841, Lord Sydenham was actively involved. He took all possible steps to ensure that a majority of the members elected to the Legislative Assembly would be supporters of the union of the Canadas. During a tour of Canada West, he stopped in Bytown and urged three of the declared candidates for the seat to withdraw in favour of his preferred candidate, Stewart Derbishire, even though Derbishire had no connection to Bytown. As part of his arguments, Sydenham told them that it was due to his influence that Bytown had received its own seat, separate from Carleton County.[7] The three candidates withdraw, but a fourth, William Stewart continued in his candidacy. When the vote was held in March, 1841, Derbishire was elected, by a vote of 52 to 29. Stewart issued two public protests, accusing the returning officer of partisanship, but did not formally contest the result.[8][9]
Abolition
[edit]The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario.[10] It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada[11] and the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2.
- ^ a b Union Act, 1840, s. 17.
- ^ Union Act, 1840, s. 21.
- ^ Proclamation, February 27, 1841. Reproduced in the Journal of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada, 1841, pp. ix–xi.
- ^ J.O. Côté, Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860, (Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), pp. 43-58.
- ^ For party affiliations, see Paul G. Cornell, Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841-67 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 93-111.
- ^ Irving Martin Abella, "The 'Sydenham Election' of 1841", Canadian Historical Review (1966) 47:326-343. [Subscription needed.]
- ^ R. Forbes Hirsch, "Stewart, William", Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. VIII (1851-1860).
- ^ Hamnett Hill, K.C., "Bytown Election of 1841" (Ottawa: Historical Society of Ottawa / Société Historique d'Ottawa, Bytown Pamphlet Series No. 18, 1986).
- ^ British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867), s. 6.
- ^ Constitution Act, 1867, s. 40, para. 2
- ^ Constitution Act, 1867, s. 70.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Proclamation, Governor General Lord Sydenham, February 27, 1841. Reproduced in the Journal of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada, First Parliament of the Province of Canada, First Session, 1841, pp. ix–xi.