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Charles III, Prince of Monaco

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Charles III
Prince of Monaco
Reign20 June 1856 – 10 September 1889
PredecessorFlorestan I
SuccessorAlbert I
Born(1818-12-08)8 December 1818
Paris, France
Died10 September 1889(1889-09-10) (aged 70)
Château de Marchais
Burial
Saint Nicholas Cathedral
Monaco-Ville, Monaco
SpouseAntoinette de Mérode
IssueAlbert I, Prince of Monaco
Names
Charles Honoré Grimaldi
HouseGrimaldi
FatherFlorestan I of Monaco
MotherMaria Caroline Gibert de Lametz

Charles III (8 December 1818 – 10 September 1889) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 20 June 1856 to his death. He was the founder of the famous casino in Monte Carlo, as his title in Monegasque and Italian was Carlo III.[1]

He was born in Paris Charles Honoré Grimaldi, the only son of Florestan I of Monaco and Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz.

Marriage and reign

Royal Monogram of Prince Charles III of Monaco

While he was Hereditary Prince, Charles was married on 28 September 1846 in Brussels to Countess Antoinette de Mérode-Westerloo.[2]

He succeeded his father Prince Florestan I in 1856.

During his reign, the towns of Menton and Roquebrune, constituting some 80 percent of Monegasque territory, were formally ceded to France, paving the way for formal French recognition of Monaco's independence. Rebellions in these towns, aided by the Kingdom of Sardinia, had exhausted Monaco's military resources for decades.[2]

The Principality was in dire need of cash flow,[3] so Prince Charles and his mother, Princess Caroline, had the idea of erecting a casino.[4] The Monte Carlo Casino was done, according to the Prince's liking, in the German style and placed at the sight of Les Spélugues.[5] Monte Carlo (in English, Mount Charles) itself takes its name from Charles, after all its founder.[4][6] Charles established a society (business) to run the Casino; this society is today the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.[3]

Under Charles III, the Principality of Monaco increased its diplomatic activities; for example, in 1864, Charles III concluded a Treaty of Friendship with the Bey of Tunis, Muhammad III as-Sadiq, which also regulated trade and maritime issues.[7]

Honours

He was the 182nd Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword.[citation needed]

Monte Carlo is named after Charles III. It stands for the "Mount Charles" in Italian.

Charles III served in the French Navy during the Franco-Prussian War, earning for his service the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor.[5]

The Order of Saint-Charles was instituted on 15 March 1858, during the reign of Prince Charles III.[2]

Death

In his middle years his sight greatly weakened, and by the last decade of his life he had become almost totally blind. In fact, Dr. Thomas Henry Pickering wrote in 1882: "So far back as 1860, Prince Charles lost his eyesight...."[5]

He died at Château de Marchais on 10 September 1889.[2] He was succeeded by his son Albert I of Monaco.

Coin

On 1 June 2016, fifteen thousand 2 euro coins were issued by Monaco; commemorating the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Monte Carlo by Charles III[8]

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ Referred to also as Carlo III.
  2. ^ a b c d Saige, Gustave (1897). Monaco: Ses Origines et Son Histoire. Imprimerie de Monaco. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ^ a b Walsh, John. "All that glitters in Monte Carlo". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Englund, Steven (May 1, 1984). Grace of Monaco: An Interpretive Biography (Hardcover ed.). Doubleday. ISBN 978-0385188128.
  5. ^ a b c Pickering, Dr. Thomas Henry (1882). Monaco: The Beauty Spot of the Riviera. Fleet Printing Works. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  6. ^ Bonarrigo, Sabrina. ""Entretenir la flamme 'Monte-Carlo'"". Monaco Hebdo. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Mad for Monaco: H.S.H. Prince Charles III". Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  8. ^ "Nouvelle face nationale de pièces en euros destinées à la circulation". Journal Officiel de l'Union Européenne. European Union. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Charles III, Prince of Monaco
Cadet branch of the House of Matignon
Born: 8 December 1818 Died: 10 September 1889
Regnal titles
Preceded by Prince of Monaco
1856–1889 		Succeeded by
Monegasque royalty
Preceded by Hereditary Prince of Monaco
1841–1856 		Succeeded by
Marquis of Baux
1841–1856
Titles of nobility
Preceded by Duke of Valentinois
1856–1889 		Succeeded by


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