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Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Coordinates: 31°19′36″N 120°37′32″E / 31.32667°N 120.62556°E / 31.32667; 120.62556
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Classical Gardens of Suzhou
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Lingering Garden in Suzhou.
CriteriaCultural: i, ii, iii, iv, v
Reference813
Inscription1997 (21st Session)
Extensions2000

The Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a group of gardens in Suzhou region, Jiangsu province which have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Spanning a period of almost one thousand years, from the Northern Song to the late Qing dynasties (11th-19th century), these gardens, most of them built by scholars, standardized many of the key features of classical Chinese garden design with constructed landscapes mimicking natural scenery of rocks, hills and rivers with strategically located pavilions and pagodas.[1]

The elegant aesthetics and subtlety of these scholars' gardens and their delicate style and features are often imitated by various gardens in other parts of China, including the various Imperial Gardens, such as those in the Chengde Mountain Resort.[2] According to UNESCO, the gardens of Suzhou "represent the development of Chinese landscape garden design over more than two thousand years,"[3] and they are the "most refined form" of garden art.[3]

These landscape gardens flourished in the mid-Ming to early-Qing dynasties, resulting in as much as 200 private gardens.[1] Today, there are 69 preserved gardens in Suzhou,[4] and all of them are designated as protected "National Heritage Sites."[5] In 1997 and 2000, eight of the finest gardens in Suzhou along with one in the nearby ancient town of Tongli were selected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site to represent the art of Suzhou-style classical gardens.[4]

Famous Suzhou garden designers include Zhang Liang, Ji Cheng, Ge Yuliang, and Chen Congzhou.

The gardens

Image Name Inscription date
Humble Administrator's Garden (拙政园/拙政園; Zhuōzhèng Yuán) 1997
Lingering Garden (留园/留園; Liú Yuán) 1997
Master of the Nets Garden (网师园/網師園; Wǎngshī Yuán) 1997
Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty (环秀山庄/環秀山莊; Huánxiù Shānzhuāng) 1997
Couple's Retreat Garden (耦园/耦園; Ŏu Yuán) 2000
Garden of Cultivation (艺圃/藝圃; Yì Pǔ) 2000
Great Wave Pavilion (沧浪亭/滄浪亭; Cāng Làng Tíng) 2000
Lion Grove Garden (狮子林园/獅子林園; Shī Zǐ Lín Yuán) 2000
Retreat & Reflection Garden (退思园/退思園; Tuìsī Yuán) 2000

Comprehensive monitoring plan

The site is monitored following a comprehensive monitoring plan and there is provision for both the routine maintenance and programmed conservation projects for all of the gardens. The Suzhou Municipal Administrative Bureau of Gardens is responsible for this.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Classical Gardens". Chinavista.com. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  2. ^ Liu, Dunzhen and Joseph C. Wang (1993). Chinese classical gardens of Suzhou. McGraw-Hill. p. 12.
  3. ^ a b "World Heritage List (Suzhou)" (Document). UNESCO Advisory Body Evaluation. 1996-07-26.
  4. ^ a b Robert Ivy, FAIA. "I.M. Pei returns to his family's hometown in China and designs the Suzhou Museum for a sensitive, historic site". Architectural Record. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Flowing Serenity - The Chinese Garden". Emel magazine Issue 73 October 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
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31°19′36″N 120°37′32″E / 31.32667°N 120.62556°E / 31.32667; 120.62556

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