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Construction law

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Construction law is a branch of law that deals with matters relating to building construction, engineering and related fields. It is in essence an amalgam of contract law, commercial law, planning law, employment law and tort. Construction law covers a wide range of legal issues including contract, negligence, bonds and bonding, guarantees and sureties, liens and other security interests, tendering, construction claims, and related consultancy contracts. Construction law affects many participants in the construction industry, including financial institutions, surveyors, architects, builders, engineers, construction workers, and planners.

Specific practice areas

Construction law builds upon general legal principles and methodologies and incorporates the regulatory framework (including security of payment, planning, environmental and building regulations); contract methodologies and selection (including traditional and alternative forms of contracting); subcontract issues; causes of action, and liability, arising in contract, negligence and on other grounds; insurance and performance security; dispute resolution and avoidance.

Construction law has evolved into a practice discipline in its own right, distinct from its traditional locations as a subpractice of project finance, real estate or corporate law. There are often strong links between construction law and energy law and oil and gas law.

Country specific practice

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, there has been an active Society of Construction Law [1] since 1983, and there is now a European Society of Construction Law, and Societies of Construction Law in Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the UAE. The Joint Contracts Tribunal works on the most popular type of standard construction contracts and the latest suite of contracts from the JCT are the 2011 editions.[1] The form of contract most favoured by public bodies is the NEC contract suite.[2]

Although some see Construction Law as another form of general contract law, it is a very specialised area and most people requiring advice on construction law in the UK would seek advice from construction law specialists.

Canada

In Canada, the law requires money for work done to be paid in trust.[3]

United States

Standard form contracts promulgated by the American Institute of Architects have been the standard in the industry; the organization first published a form in 1888, and has over 200 forms, with revisions to selected forms happening typically every ten years.[4] However, these forms have been criticized as unfair to contractors in favor of owners and architects, which led to the publication of ConsensusDocs standard contracts in September 2007. The ConsensusDocs Coalition includes 41 trade associations representing design professionals, owners, contractors, subcontractors and sureties in the design and construction industry. ConsensusDocs publishes more than 100 contract documents, addressing all methods of project delivery, and are written in the project's best interest versus one particular party.[5]

South Africa

The standard form construction law contracts, in use in South Africa, include FIDIC, NEC, GCC and JBCC agreements.[6]

Construction contracts

Although no special contract formalities are required, it is normal practice to use standard-form contracts such as, in the UK, the JCT form.[7] In order to expedite dispute resolution, standard forms have often provided for arbitration by a "board of arbitration" or professional arbitrator,[8] although many now offer a choice between arbitration and litigation. Construction law has been affected by the requirements in public contracts, which include surety bonds and other procedures. In private contracts, the requirements are negotiated between the parties. As of 1998, the principles of construction law were "well established".[9] Remedies for breach of contract are the same as in the ordinary law, and include damages, repudiation, rescission, and specific performance.[10]

In the UK, specific requirements relating to payments and adjudication provisions were introduced by the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996[11] and were subsequently amended in Part 8 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act.[12] These requirements are generally known as the Construction Act requirements. The requirements set out certain minimum provisions which must be included in any construction contract (as defined within the Act) and failure to comply with these requirements will cause the relevant provisions to be deleted and compliant provisions to be inserted in their place, which can lead to unexpected consequences for unsuspecting parties to a construction contract.

Deviation

When a plan has been adopted for a building, and in the progress of the work a change is made from the original plan, the change is called a "deviation". When the contract is to build a house according to the original plan, and a deviation takes place, the contract shall be traced as far as possible, and the additions, if any have been made, shall be paid for according to the usual rate of charging.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Contract families". www.jctltd.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
  2. ^ "NEC3 Contracts - Products - NEC Contracts". www.neccontract.com. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
  3. ^ "Construction law: Breach of trust in the construction industry". IFLR.com. 1997-09-01. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  4. ^ Klinger M. (2007). A New Era in Standard Form Construction Documents: a Rivalry Between the Old Guard American Institute of Architects And An Upstart Consortium Led by the Associated General Contractors of America. Sedgwick, Detert, Moran & Arnold LLP.
  5. ^ "The Government Contracts Law Report Government Contractor Articles". Attny.com. 2001-01-07. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  6. ^ Markram Incorporated Attorneys. "Construction Law in South Africa". Retrieved 2014-06-04.
  7. ^ "Standard form contracts: JCT". Out-law.com. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  8. ^ Managing and Litigating the Complex Surety Case - Google Books. Books.google.com. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  9. ^ Construction Contract Claims, Changes and Dispute Resolution - Paul Levin - Google Books. Books.google.com. 1998-01-01. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  10. ^ Article: 5 Critical Construction Contract Terms: Scope, Price, Payment, Start and Completion
  11. ^ "Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
  12. ^ "Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
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