Crime in North Korea
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Crime is present in various forms in North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).
Crime by type
Murder
Many people in North Korea are stricken with poverty and as a result, are often forced to take up extreme measures in order to survive. Several defectors have reported hearing rumours that murder and cannibalism is rife in the country; these rumours first arose during the Great Famine of 1994 to 1998.[1]
The Korea Institute for National Unification's 2014 White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea lists twelve public executions between 2004 and 2010 for the crime of murder. Murder victims included lovers, a spouse, a creditor, and a hospital administrator.[2]
Political offences
In North Korea, any perceived criticism of the country's political leaders is seen as a grave offense. Treason is also taken very seriously; traitorous behaviour may include attempting to escape to South Korea, or simply praising any aspect of South Korean culture. Crossing the northern border into China or Russia is also illegal, but this law is less strictly enforced, due to the sheer number of North Koreans driven across the border in search of employment.[3]
Criticism or rejection of socialist principles, or idleness in upholding these principles, is another serious political crime. This category of offence includes anything which threatens the socialist system – for example, running a private business, or stealing agricultural goods such as corn, rice or potatoes.[3]
Foreigners accused of crimes against North Korea
A small number of American citizens have been charged in North Korea for alleged crimes against the nation. This encompasses illegally trespassing into the country or displaying signs of hostility towards the country. Two reporters from the United States were sentenced to penal labour after being found guilty of crimes against the nation. They were freed later the same year, when Bill Clinton visited the then-North Korean leader Kim Jong-il to negotiate their release. In April 2013, American tour operator Kenneth Bae, also known as Pae Jun Ho, was accused of plotting to overthrow the North Korean government. State media reported that there was evidence to substantiate the claim. He has since been released and allowed to return to the United States. According to the law of North Korea, such an act is punishable either by a life sentence in prison, or death.[4]
Prostitution and child marriages
Prostitution in North Korea is illegal and, according to the North Korean government, does not exist.[5] However, the government is reported to employ approximately 2,000 women, known as the Kippumjo, to provide sexual services to high-ranking officials.[6] There is also widespread human trafficking within the country; women and girls are often sold abroad, mostly to China, where they are subjected to forced prostitution or forced marriage. Others may willingly migrate to China, only to be kidnapped by traffickers on arrival.[7]
Corruption
Corruption in North Korea is a widespread and growing problem in the country. It is ranked 174 out of 176 countries in Transparency International's 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index, tied with Somalia and Afghanistan,[8] making the country one of the "'most corrupt' nations on Earth".[9] Strict rules and draconian punishments imposed by the regime against, for example, accessing foreign media, are commonly evaded by bribing the police. Informing on colleagues and family members has become less common.[10]
See also
References
- ^ Hegarty, Stephanie (April 22, 2013). "North Korea: Defectors adjust to life abroad". BBC News.
- ^ "The Reality of Civil and Political Rights". White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2014. Korea Institute for National Unification. 2014. p. 122-124.
- ^ a b Yun, Minwoo (2010). "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)". In Newman, Graeme R. (ed.). Crime and Punishment Around the World. ABC-CLIO. p. 180. ISBN 9780313351341.
- ^ "Kenneth Bae, American Detained In North Korea, Charged With Plot To Overthrow Regime". Huffington Post. April 27, 2013.
- ^ "DPRK FAQ". Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008.
- ^ Becker, Jasper (October 11, 2003). "North Korea: At Home With the Kims". Asia Times.
- ^ Clinton, Hillary Rodham (ed.) (2010). Trafficking in Persons Report (10 ed.). DIANE Publishing. pp. 198–9. ISBN 9781437937169.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ "2012 Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
- ^ Silver, Katie (December 4, 2011). "Somalia and North Korea are the 'most corrupt' nations on Earth... and Britain ties with Barbados at number 16". Daily Mail.
- ^ "A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment" (PDF). InterMedia. May 10, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2012.
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