Dalian dialect

Dalian dialect
大连
Native to	China
Region	Liaodong Peninsula
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Mandarin Jiao-Liao Mandarin Dalian dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

Dalian dialect (Chinese: 大连话, Pinyin: dalian hua, Romaji: Dairen-ben) is the dialect of Mandarin spoken on the Liaodong Peninsula, including the city of Dalian and parts of Dandong and Yingkou. Dalian dialect shares many similarities with the Qingdao dialect spoken on Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula) across Bohai Strait; hence the name Jiao Liao Mandarin (胶辽官话). Dalian dialect is notable among Chinese dialects for loanwords from Japanese and Russian, reflecting its history of foreign occupation .

Notable word in the Dalian dialect include 臕 ("foolish") and 熊 ("to cheat or deceive").

Voice

Contrast of Dalianese and Mandarin on pronunciation

Contrast of Dalianese and Mandarin on pronunciation
Mandarin → Dalianese	Example
zh,ch,sh,r → z,c,s,y	中國人 zhōng guó rén → Zong1-guo2-yin2
d,t,n,l,z,c,s+uei,uan,uen → d,t,n,l,z,c,s+êi,an,en	對 dù(e)i → dêi4
o and individual uo → e	胳膊 gē bo → ge3-be 脫 tuō → te3
suffix "子" → e	孩子 hái zi → hai2-e
w+a,ai,ei,an,en,ang,eng → v+a,ai,êi,an,en,ang,eng wu and wo don't change	晚飯 wǎn fàn → van3-fan4
numeral "二" → ar4	王二小 wáng èr xiǎo → Vang2 Ar4-xiou3
ai → ê	打開 dǎ kāi → da3-kê
n+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe → gn+i,iang,iê,iên,iou,ieu,in,ing,ü,üê nu doesn't change	你 nǐ → gni3 虐 nüè → gnüê4

Consonants

Tablation of consonants

b [ p ]	p [ pʰ ]	m [ m ]	f [ f ]	v [ v ]
d [ t ]	t [ tʰ ]	n [ n ]		l [ l ]
g [ k ]	k [ kʰ ]		h [ x ]
j [ ʨ ]	q [ ʨʰ ]	gn [ ɲ ]	x [ ɕ ]	y [ i ]
zh [ ʈʂ ]	ch [ ʈʂʰ ]		sh [ ʂ ]	r [ ʐ ]
z [ ts ]	c [ tsʰ ]		s [ s ]
				w [ u ]

• Dark blue color means vowels.

Vowels

Tablation of vowels - 1

a [ ɑ ]	ai [ ɑɪ ]		an [ ɑn ]	ang [ ɑŋ ]
ê [ ɛ ]	êi [ ɛɪ ]		ên [ ɛn ]
o [ ɔ ]		ou [ ɔʊ ]		ong [ ɔŋ ]
e [ ə ]		eu [ əʊ ]	en [ ən ]	eng [ əŋ ]
i [ i ]		ieu [ iəʊ ]	in [ in ]	ing [ iŋ ]
u [ u ]	uêi [ uɛɪ ]		uen [ uən ]
ü [ y ]			ün [ yn ]

Tablation of vowels - 2

ia [ iɑ ]				iang [ iɑŋ ]
iê [ iɛ ]			iên [ iɛn ]
		iou [ iɔʊ ]		iong [ iɔŋ ]
ua [ uɑ ]	uai [ uɑɪ ]		uan [ uɑn ]	uang [ uɑŋ ]
uo [ uɔ ]
üê [ yɛ ]			üên [ yɛn ]
i [ ʅ ]	i [ ɿ ]	m [ m ]	n [ n ]	ng [ ŋ ]

• Dark red color means compound vowels; ai, êi, ou, eu, an, ên, en, in, ün, ang, ong, eng, ing are as basic vowels.
• [ ʅ ] and [ ɿ ] are apical vowels of zhi, chi, shi, ri and zi, ci, si.
• m, n and ng are nasal vowels of independent syllables; there are also two syllables of "hm 噷" and "hng 哼".

Twelve erhuayins

Basic vowels

ai 蓋 an 碗 ên 邊

i 字 ü 魚 êi 輩 en 根

a 瓦

ê 碟

o 窩

e 歌

u 肚

ou 包

eu 頭

ang 缸

ong 工

eng 燈

Erhua vowels

ar [ ɑʅ ]

er [ əʅ ]

ahr [ ? ]

êr [ ɛʅ ]

or [ ɔʅ ]

ehr [ ? ]

ur [ uʯ ]

our [ ɔʊʯ ]

eur [ əʊʯ ]

angr [ ɑŋʅ ]

ongr [ ɔŋʯ ]

engr [ əŋʅ ]

• "瓦兒" and "碗兒" are different; "歌兒" and "根兒" are different, vowel of "根兒" is a kind of retroflex mid-central vowel.
• i of "zi, ci, si, zhi, chi, shi, ri" is an apical vowel. After erhua-ing, i turns into er, such as "字兒"zer4 and "事兒"sher4.
• The rule of i, u, ü combining with the erhua vowels is the same as the rule of those combining with the basic vowels, so the tabulation of this part is omitted.

Tones

Tones of Dalianese

Tone No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	Not marked
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian dialect	Yinping (LowMid falling)	Yangping (Middle rising)	Shangsheng (Middle concave)	Yinqu (HighMid falling)	Zhongqu (Middle level/Low rising)	Yangqu (Low falling)	Qingsheng
	31	24	213	52	33/13	21	--
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing dialect	Yinping (LowMid falling)	Yangping (Low rising)	Shangsheng (Low concave)	Qusheng (HighMid level)	Rusheng (High entering)		Qingsheng
	31	13	212	44	5		Variable
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing dialect	Yinping (High level)	Yangping (High rising)	Shangsheng (High concave)	Qusheng (High falling)			Qingsheng
	55	35	214	51			--

In Dalianese,

• When Tone No.1 meets another Tone No.1 or Tone No.4 meets Tone No.1, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone doesn't change, like “家家戶戶”jiahr5-jiahr1-hur6-hur4, “駕崩”jia5-beng1.
• When Tone No.1 meets Tone No.4, usually the previous tone doesn't change and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “蟋蟀”xi1-suê6 or xi3-suêr, “稀碎”xi1-sêi6.
• When Tone No.4 meets another Tone No.4, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “畢恭畢敬”bi5-gongr1-bi5-jingr6, “客客氣氣”kehr4-kehr-qi5-qi6.

The syllables that Dalianese has but Mandarin hasn't

• biang3 (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Prefix】often used in a derogatory term, to emphasize the role of mood
• pia3 (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Verb】to ridicule sb

Vocabulary

Dalianese of full oyster flavor
Dalianese	Meaning	Dalianese	Meaning	Dalianese	Meaning	Dalianese	Meaning	Dalianese	Meaning
xiê3	extremely	chour2	stupid / outdated	hui3-le	Oh, no!	bai2-hu	extemporaneous / to blatter	zuo3-suo	to waste
lang4	coxcombry	biou1	foolish	kehr1-le	can't help it	guan2-duor1	always	de4-se	flighty
sheur4	piquant / Cool!	bai4	don't	zi1-shi	natty	gniên4-yang	show dissatisfaction tactfully	xiang2-hu	not very gratified / to disdain
gan1-jing	Great!	vahr1	low level	zhangr1-chengr	capable	ha3-hu	dress sb down	bu2-lai3-xüên2	understated
kê1-le	expressing dissatisfaction	xüên2-le	too many	sa2-me	peep	ge4-yang	disgusting	ci1-mour2-jüê1-ding6	rude

Classification

Dalianese belongs to Deng-Lian Area of Lai language, and there are 3 Subareas in Deng-Lian Area.

• The dialect of Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District, Lüshunkou District and Wafangdian City of Dalian belongs to Da-Xiu Subarea;
• The dialect of Jinzhou District, Pulandian City, Zhuanghe City and Changhai County of Dalian belongs to Yan-Wei Subarea;
• The dialect of Penglai City, Longkou City, Changdao County of Yantai belongs to Peng-Long Subarea.