Elche
Elche
Elche / Elx | |
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Altamira Castle and panoramic view of Elche | |
Coordinates: 38°16′1″N 0°41′54″W / 38.26694°N 0.69833°W | |
Country | ![]() |
Autonomous community | ![]() |
Province | Alicante |
Comarca | Bajo Vinalopó |
Judicial district | Elche |
Founded | Iberos; 5th century BC |
Government | |
• Alcalde | Carlos Gonzalez (2015) (PSOE) |
Area | |
• Total | 326.10 km2 (125.91 sq mi) |
Elevation | 86 m (282 ft) |
Population (2014) | |
• Total | 228,647 |
• Density | 700/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) | Ilicitano, ilicitana |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 03200-03299 |
Dialing code | 966 - 965 |
Official language(s) | Spanish and Valencian |
Website | Official Website Official tourism Website |
![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (December 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Elche (/ˈɛltʃeɪ/, Spanish: [ˈeltʃe]), or Elx (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈɛʎtʃ]),[1] is a town located in the comarca of Baix Vinalopó, Spain. According to the 2014 census, Elche has a population of some 228,647 inhabitants[2] (called il·licitans in Valencian and ilicitanos in Spanish), ranking as the third most populated city in the Valencian Community (after Valencia and Alicante) and the 20th largest Spanish city.
Part of the municipality is coastal but the main city is some 11 km (6.8 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea. A small creek called Vinalopó flows through the city splitting it in two parts.
Elche is so close to the city of Alicante, that both cities form a de facto conurbation of some 800,000 inhabitants that can very well double during the summer peak-season.
History
La Alcudia is 10 km from the current city's location and the immediate predecessor of current day Elche. This original location was settled by the Greeks and then occupied by Carthaginians and Romans. Greeks Ionian colonists from the achaian city Helice established their new colony, naming it Helike around 600 BC. The Romans called the city Ilici (or Illice) and granted it the status of colonia; after a brief Byzantine rule, the Goths took over, establishing an episcopal see.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Dama_de_Elche_1.jpg/220px-Dama_de_Elche_1.jpg)
Elche lost importance during the period of Moorish occupation, when it was moved slightly north to its present location. James II of Aragon took the city from the Moors in the 13th century, during the Reconquista. The city grew throughout the 18th century and became more important during the 19th century with the arrival of the railway and a booming industrial development of what used to be the traditional footwear industry.
Many archaeological remains have been found in Elche, with the stone bust of the Lady of Elche (Dama de Elche/Dama d'Elx in Spanish and Valencian (or Catalan), respectively) being the most important. This may date from the Iberian period (4th century BC). The original is in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain.
Economy
The economy of Elche is based, in large part, on the footwear industry, with over 1,000 shoe factories, being one of the most important footwear centres in Spain and the rest of Europe with brands like Pura Lopez or Panama Jack. There are other economic activities in Elche: agriculture (dates, olives, cereals and pomegranates), although it has lost importance in recent years; rubber industry; trade, which employs 20% of the workforce; and tourism.
Elche has a conference centre (called Ciutat d'Elx), an international airport (Aeropuerto de Alicante) a public University, Universidad Miguel Hernández, and a private University, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera.
![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (May 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Climate
Elche has a hot subtropical semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh).
Climate data for Elche | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17 (63) |
18 (64) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
30 (86) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
29 (84) |
25 (77) |
22 (72) |
18 (64) |
24 (76) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7 (45) |
8 (46) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
15 (59) |
18 (64) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
19 (66) |
16 (61) |
11 (52) |
8 (46) |
14 (57) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 20 (0.8) |
19 (0.7) |
22 (0.9) |
26 (1.0) |
24 (0.9) |
5 (0.2) |
1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
14 (0.6) |
22 (0.9) |
28 (1.1) |
20 (0.8) |
202 (7.9) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 32 |
Source: Meteoblue[3] |
Main sights
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Elche_Basilica.jpg/220px-Elche_Basilica.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Joves_i_grans_al_Raval_d%27Elx.jpg/220px-Joves_i_grans_al_Raval_d%27Elx.jpg)
- Palmeral of Elche ("The Palm Grove of Elche", Palmerar d'Elx in Valencian (or Catalan)). It is an orchard of over 200,000 palm trees that was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
- Altamira Castle, also known as Alcázar de la Señoría, located next to the Municipal Park (which, in turn, is a part of the Elche Palm Grove) It was originally built in Almohad times (12th-13th centuries), and was later renovated with brick exterior in the 15th century. A former fortress, in 1913 it became a fabric plant, it has also been used as the town hall and as a prison during the Spanish Civil War, while today is home to the Elche Archaeology and History Museum
- Baños Arabes (Arabic Baths), which re-uses old Roman baths.
- Basilica of Santa Maria
- Calahorra Tower, of rectangular plan and Rabic origin, it represent the last relic of the old city walls.
- Municipio (Town Hall)
- Convento de la Merced
- Huerto del Cura
- Elche Palaeontological Museum
- Elche Municipal Festa Museum
- Palm Groves Museum
The Mystery Play of Elx (better known as Misteri d'Elx, in Valencian (or Catalan)) is a sacral-lyrical medieval drama, dated from the 15th century, which was declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2002. It is played every year in mid August, in the context of the local holidays dedicated to the Assumption of Virgin Mary. Also as a part of this celebration, on the 13th of August is the date of a celebration in Elche called Nit de l'Albà (Night of the Dawn) in which a citywide night-long show of fireworks takes place.
Notable people
- Saúl Ñíguez
- Aarón Ñíguez
- Silvia Soler Espinosa
- Francisco Mojica, a microbiologist noted for his research on the CRISPR gene editing technique
Twin towns
Oran, Algeria, since 1939
Toulouse, France, since 1981
Jaca, Spain, since 1983
Subotica, Serbia, since 2004
Kasukabe, Japan, since 2010
Kanpur, India, since 2014
See also
Notes
- ^ Both names are official Elx/Elche.
- ^ Elche supera ya los 228.300 habitantes, INFORMACION.es, December 31, 2008, Editorial Prensa Ibérica
- ^ "Climate Elche".
Doresc sa știu dacă exista in Elche o Biserica Ortodoxa Romana
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
- Tour virtual 360° por la ciudad de Elche Template:Es icon
- Economical and social information about the city 2007 Template:En icon
- Ajuntament d'Elx, Town Hall of Elche Template:Ca icon Template:Es icon
- Instituto Valenciano de Estadística City official statistics.
- Turisme d'Elx, City council official Tourist guide Template:En icon Template:Ca icon Template:Es icon
- Elche, City overview from a local citizen Template:En icon
- Cultura d'Elx, City council Cultural events website Template:Ca icon Template:Es icon
- FuturElx, City council strategical development guidelines Template:Es icon
- The first ever Elche Home Page Template:En icon
- Miguel Hernandez University of Elche Template:Ca icon Template:Es icon
- BBC Radio 3 programme on Mystery Play - available to listen online 14-21 October 2006 Template:En icon
- Festival of street arts Elx al Carrer Template:Es icon
- Museums of Elche Template:Es icon