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Elopiformes

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Elopiformes
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–recent[1]
Tarpon, Megalops sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder: Elopomorpha
Order: Elopiformes
Sauvage, 1875
Type species
Elops saurus
Linnaeus, 1766
Families
Synonyms
  • Elopoidei sensu de Figueiredo et al. 2012
  • Megalopiformes

The Elopiformes /ˈɛləpɪfɔːrmz/ are the order of ray-finned fish including the tarpons, tenpounders, and ladyfish, as well as a number of extinct types. They have a long fossil record, easily distinguished from other fishes by the presence of an additional set of bones in the throat.[2]

They are related to the order of eels, although the adults superficially resemble very large or giant herrings in appearance. The larvae, however, are leptocephalic, looking very similar to those of eels.[2]

Classification

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Although many fossil forms are known, the order is relatively small today, containing just two genera and nine species:[3]

Timeline of genera

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QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousJurassicTriassicHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly JurassicLate TriassicMiddle TriassicEarly TriassicEctasisLyrolepisElopsEsocelopsDactylopogonPronotacanthusOpistopteryxTachynectesCoryphaenopsisProtelopsProtostomiasOstariostomaDavichthysCarsothrissopsFlindersicthysOsmeroidesNotelopsEichstaettiaAnaethalionEoprotelopsChongichthysAntofastaichthysQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousJurassicTriassicHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly JurassicLate TriassicMiddle TriassicEarly Triassic

"Megalopiformes"

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QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousMegalopsBroweriaPromegalopsProtarponParatarponSedenhorstiaElopoidesQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly Cretaceous

References

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  1. ^ Werner Schwarzhans (2018). "A review of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous otoliths and the development of early morphological diversity in otoliths". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 287 (1): 75–121. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707.
  2. ^ a b McCosker, John F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Order Elopiformes". FishBase. January 2009 version.
  4. ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Elopiformes – Tarpons and Tenpounders". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  5. ^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
  6. ^ van der Laan, Richard (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Khalloufi, Bouziane; El Houssaini Darif, Khadija; Jourani, Essaid; Khaldoune, Fatima; Jalil, Nour-Eddine (2018-02-25). "A new Palaeocene Megalopidae (Teleostei, Elopomorpha) from the phosphate basins of Morocco". Historical Biology: 1–10. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1443327. ISSN 0891-2963.
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