Farringdon, Sunderland
| Farringdon | |
|---|---|
 Pictured from top right clockwise: Arbroath Road, Anthony Road (Former site of Farringdon Hall), Abercorn Road, Farringdon Country Park | |
  Farringdon Location within Tyne and Wear | |
| Population | 9,449 (2011 census)[1] (Figure also includes neighbouring East & Middle Herrington as part of the St. Chad's Ward) |
| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Sunderland |
| Postcode district | SR3 |
| Police | Northumbria |
| Fire | Tyne and Wear |
| Ambulance | North East |
| UK Parliament | |
Farringdon is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Originally a Monastic grange and manor estate for hundreds of years, Farringdon was rebuilt as a post-war council housing estate in the 1950s. It is approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) south of the city centre along the A690, close to Thorney Close, Silksworth, East Herrington, Gilley Law and Doxford Park.[not verified in body] Electorally, the area comes under the St. Chad's ward of the City.
Geology
[edit]The area of Sunderland Farringdon is built on was formed during the Permian period, and as per the wider region is theorized to have been a shallow carbonate sea.[2] The bedrocks of the area consist of carbonate material including coral and shell fragments forming beds and local reefs. Above this near the surface lies significant clay deposits of a glacigenic origin which are over 2 million years old. The British Geological Survey memoir for this specific locality refers to the superficial deposits of the area as 'Complex drift of East Herrington and Silksworth', a thin sequence of bedded sand, gravels and clays.[3]
History
[edit]Pre-history
[edit]Recorded human activity on Farringdon has been dated to the Neolithic era, due to a stone axe uncovered during construction work in the 1950s.[4]
The Middle Ages
[edit]
The parish of Bishopwearmouth in the Middle Ages was divided into a number of copyholdings held by custom of the Bishop of Durham, of which was delegated to various tenants.[5] Farringdon emerged as a part of this system and operated as a block Demesne, whilst being also a hamlet and estate under the township of Silksworth.[6]
The name derives from: "Farm or hill of Faer or his sons";[7] it had a variety of spellings throughout this period including Farnton Hall, Farrington Hall, Ffaernton and Ferenton Hall. By the 15th century, it served as a Monastic Grange of the priory of Hexham.[8][9][10]
In the 1420s, the land was represented by Robert Jackson who served as bailiff of Sunderland and collected taxes on behalf of the Bishop of Durham.[11][12][13] By 1479 the Black Book of Hexham detailed the area as possessing cottage lands, a windmill, an oven and brewery[14][15] A new manor was built on the land in 1597; it disappeared by the mid 20th century.[16]
Renaissance and early modern period
[edit]Following the Dissolution of the monasteries the Farringdon Monastic Grange was returned to the crown and later granted to Sir John Forster by Queen Elizabeth I. The estate would pass on to other owners throughout this period, including George Blakiston, and the Pepper family of North Yorkshire.[17]
During the English Civil War the Scottish Army crossed the River Wear at South Hylton and set up their headquarters at Farringdon Hall.[18]
In the mid 19th century, the Hetton Colliery Railway, one of the first operational railways in history and the first of its kind to transport coal, passed through Farringdon and Gilley Law en route to the River Wear. A rail trail has been established along the former route.[19]
The modern housing estate
[edit]
The manor and farm existed on the land until the 20th century. In 1950, Sunderland authorities purchased 208.69 acres (84.45 ha)[20] and set out plans for the creation of a new estate consisting of over 1,400 houses,[21] creating today's Farringdon. The last private owners of the estate were Robert Moorhead and George Lee, who were publicly critical of the pace at which the land was acquired and developed.[22] Herrington Parish Council also resisted the estate, lodging protests with Durham County Planners.[23]
By the end of the century, many of the homes on the estate had been privately purchased through the Right to Buy scheme.[24][better source needed] In 1998, Sunderland City Council proposed the creation of Farringdon Country Park, a designated recreational and conservation space neighbouring the suburb.[25]
Education
[edit]Farringdon is home to two schools. A large secondary school (Farringdon Community Academy) which serves a catchment area also consisting of Doxford Park, East Herrington and New Silksworth[26] as well as a primary school (Farringdon Primary School).[27]
Amenities
[edit]Farringdon is home to a single pub known as The Dolphin, which has been voted Sunderland's "pub of the year" for five years running.[28] The former Farringdon Social Club closed in 2017 and has since been redeveloped into a supermarket[29]
The estate also possesses three shopping arcades, two which are based on Allendale Road and the other on Ashdown Road, as well as a McDonalds and a Simply local supermarket. The former Farringdon Hall police station, which was closed in 2015, is set to be redeveloped into a new business park consisting of a Greggs, B&M and a Costa Coffee[30]
Politics
[edit]Farringdon is a component of the St. Chad's Ward in the city alongside parts of Herrington. Presently, the area is represented by three councillors from the Conservative Party (UK).[31] Labour MP Bridget Phillipson has represented Farringdon as part of the Houghton and Sunderland South constituency since it was created in 2010.[32]
References
[edit]- ^ "St. Chad's". ukcensusdata.com/. UK Census Data. 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "Zechstein Reefs, North Sea". www.geolsoc.org.uk. The Geological Society of London. 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Smith, D. B. (1994). "Geology of the country around Sunderland Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 21 (England and Wales)". webapps.bgs.ac.uk. The British Geological Survey. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Morrison, Jennifer. "Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon, polished axe – Details". Sitelines. Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ "The medieval village of Bishopwearmouth" (PDF). Victoria County History. Victory County History. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- ^ Blair, Hunter (2014). The Open Fields of England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780198702955.
- ^ Mawer, Allen (1920). The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–82. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ Surtees, Robert (1907). The History and Antiquities of the Palatine of the County Durham. Internet Archive. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Sitelines". Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Blair, Hunter (1939). Archaeologia Aeliana, Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. p. 190.
- ^ Summers, Jeremiah William (1858). The History and Antiquities of Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, Bishopwearmouth Panns, Burdon ...: From the Earliest Authentic Records Down to the Present Time.
- ^ Surtees, Robert (1820). The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol. 2. British History Online. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
In 1440 Robert Jakson, of Farnton Hall, (Bailiff of Sunderland) held the same property; as did his son-in-law William Billyngham, in 1481
- ^ A History of the County of Durham Vol. 3. British History Online. 1928. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
Robert Jakson of Sunderland and other friends became bail for his keeping the peace.
- ^ Hinds, Allen B. (1896). A History of Northumberland, Volume III, Part I: Hexamshire (PDF). London: Andrew Reid & Co. p. 153. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Morrison, Jennifer. "Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon monastic grange – Details". Sitelines. Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ "More Farm Land May Go". Sunderland Echo. 6 January 1950. Retrieved 14 December 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Clarkson, Christopher (1821). "The History of Richmond, in the County of York".
- ^ Meikle, Maureen (2017). "The Scottish Covenanters and the Borough of Sunderland, 1639–1647" (PDF).
- ^ Sunderland, Active. "Heritage Trails, the Stephenson Trail" (PDF). Sunderland.gov.uk. Sunderland City Council. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ ""Homes" Land: Council To Make Next Move". Sunderland Echo. 6 April 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Farringdon Hall Scheme". Sunderland Echo. 2 May 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Cattle, Farm Tools For Sale As Bulldozers Move In". Sunderland Echo. 20 April 1954 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Reply to Land Protest". Sunderland Echo. 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Market, The Move. "St Chad's, Sunderland: Sunderland 026D". themovemarket.com. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "City of Sunderland Unitary Development Plan" (PDF). City of Sunderland.
- ^ "Farringdon Community Academy Catchment Area, Reviews and Key Information – SECONDARY". schoolguide.co.uk. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "Farringdon Academy". farringdonacademy.co.uk. Farringdon Academy. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Gillan, Tony (3 December 2019). "See inside the Sunderland Echo Pub of the Year 2019 winner". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ Binding, Chris (3 December 2019). "Former Sunderland social club set to become business park with cafes, takeaways and shops after housing plans fall through". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ^ Binding, Chris (23 March 2022). "'Sunderland lad' developer offers more insight into redevelopment of Farringdon Hall Police Station site, where new Greggs, B&M and Costa are planned". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Sunderland City Council, Members". Sunderland.gov.uk. Sunderland City Council. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Philipson, Bridget (15 November 2018). "Bridget Phillipson MP visits Farringdon Academy ahead of Parliament Week". www.bridgetphillipson.com. Bridget Philipson MP. Retrieved 30 August 2022.