Giovanna of Savoy

Not to be confused with Joan of Savoy.

Giovanna of Savoy
Giovanna, 1937
Tsaritsa of Bulgaria
Tenure	25 October 1930 – 28 August 1943
Born	(1907-11-13)13 November 1907 Rome, Italy
Died	26 February 2000(2000-02-26) (aged 92) Estoril, Portugal
Burial	Communal Cemetery of Assisi
Spouse	Boris III of Bulgaria
Issue	Marie Louise, Princess of Koháry Simeon II of Bulgaria
Names Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria
House	House of Savoy (by birth) House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (by marriage)
Father	Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Mother	Elena of Montenegro
Religion	Roman Catholic

Giovanna of Italy (Bulgarian: Йоанна Савойска, Italian: Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria) (13 November 1907 – 26 February 2000) was the Tsaritsa of Bulgaria.

Childhood

Princess Giovanna of Savoy as a child.

Giovanna was born in Rome, the third daughter and fourth child of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Queen Elena, former Princess of Montenegro. Upon her Roman Catholic christening, she was given the names Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria. Her older brother was the future Italian king Umberto II of Italy.

Marriage and children

Giovanna married Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria in Assisi in October 1930, in a Roman Catholic ceremony, attended by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Bulgarians deemed her a good match, partly because her mother, Elena of Montenegro, was of Slavic ethnicity. At a second ceremony in Sofia, Giovanna (who herself was daughter of a Roman Catholic father and a born Orthodox mother) was married in an Eastern Orthodox Church ceremony, bringing her into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. Giovanna adopted the Bulgarian version of her name, Ioanna. Giovanna knew the Pope's Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria, Archbishop Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII who was able to help her. She and Boris had two children: Marie Louise of Bulgaria, born in January 1933, and then the future Simeon II of Bulgaria in 1937.

In the years prior to World War II, Tsaritsa Ioanna became heavily involved in charities, including the financing of a children's hospital. During the war she counterbalanced her husband consigning Bulgaria to the Axis by obtaining transit visas to enable a number of Jews to escape to Argentina. Tsar Boris also proved less malleable than Hitler had hoped, and following a meeting in Berlin in August 1943, the Tsar became seriously ill and died, aged 49. Stress and a heart condition were the official reasons for his death. Ioanna's son, Simeon, became the new tsar and a regency was established, led by his uncle Prince Kyril, who was considered more pliable by the Germans.

Late Years

Styles of Tsaritsa (Queen) Giovanna of the Bulgarians
Reference style	Her Majesty
Spoken style	Your Majesty
Alternative style	Ma'am

In the dying days of World War II, Bulgaria was invaded by the Soviet Union. Prince Kyril was tried by a People's Court and subsequently executed. Giovanna and Simeon remained under home arrest at Vrana Palace, near Sofia until 1946, when the new Communist government gave them 48 hours to leave the country. After initially fleeing to Alexandria, Egypt, to be with her father, Victor Emmanuel III, they moved to Madrid. After the marriage of Simeon II to the Spanish noblewoman Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela (a distant relative of Juan Carlos I of Spain's late brother-in-law) in 1962, Tsaritsa Ioanna moved to Estoril, Portugal, where she lived for the rest of her life, excepting a brief return to Bulgaria in 1993 when she visited Boris's grave. During this last visit to Bulgaria she received a most cordial welcome and thousands of people went on the streets to greet her.

She is buried in the Communal Cemetery of Assisi, Italy, where she married King Boris III in 1930.

Titles, honours and patronage

Titles

• 13 November 1907 – 25 October 1930: Her Royal Highness Princess Giovanna of Savoy, Princess of Italy
• 25 October 1930 – 28 August 1943: Her Majesty Queen Ioanna of Bulgaria, The Tsaritsa of Bulgarians, Princess of Italy
• 28 August 1943 – 26 February 2000: Her Majesty Queen Ioanna of Bulgaria, The Tsaritsa Mother of Bulgarians, Princess of Savoy

Honours

National honours

• Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
• Bulgarian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Alexander

Foreign honours

• Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Dame Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
• Yugoslavian Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sava

Patronage

• Bulgaria: Patron of the 10th Cavalry regiment of Queen Ioanna

Ancestry

Family of Giovanna of Savoy

16. Charles Albert of Sardinia 8. Victor Emmanuel II of Italy 17. Maria Theresa of Austria and Tuscany 4. Umberto I of Italy 18. Archduke Rainer of Austria 9. Maria Adelaide of Austria 19. Princess Elisabeth of Savoy-Carignan 2. Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 20. Charles Albert of Sardinia (= 16) 10. Ferdinand, 1st Duke of Genoa 21. Maria Theresa of Austria and Tuscany (= 17) 5. Margherita of Savoy 22. John of Saxony 11. Elizabeth of Saxony 23. Amalie Auguste of Bavaria 1. Ioanna of Savoy, Queen of Bulgaria 24. Sava Petrović-Njegoš 12. Mirko Petrović-Njegoš 25. Angelika Radamović 6. Nicholas I of Montenegro 26. Drago Martinović 13. Anastasija Martinović 27. Stana Martinović 3. Elena of Montenegro 28. Petar Perkov Vukotić 14. Petar Vukotić 29. Stania Milić 7. Milena Vukotić 30. Tadija Voivodić 15. Jelena Voivodić 31. Milica Pavićević

References

• Boris III of Bulgaria 1894–1943, by Pashanko Dimitroff, London, 1986, ISBN 0-86332-140-2
• Crown of Thorns by Stephane Groueff, Lanham MD., and London, 1987, ISBN 0-8191-5778-3
• The Daily Telegraph, Obituary for "HM Queen Ioanna of the Bulgarians", London, 28 February 2000.