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Henry Tayali

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Henry Tayali
Henry Tayali, early eighties
Born
Henry Nkole Tayali

(1943-11-22)22 November 1943
  Serenje, Northern Rhodesia
Died22 July 1987(1987-07-22) (aged 43)
  Aachen, Germany
NationalityZambian
EducationB.A. (Fine Art), Makerere University, Uganda; M.A., Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, Germany
Known forPainter, Printmaker, Sculptor, Raconteur, Lecturer
Notable workThe Graduate, The Bull, Destiny, Mother Afrika

Henry Nkole Tayali (22 November 1943 – 22 July 1987) was a multi-lingual Zambian fine artist, sculptor, printmaker, raconteur and lecturer.[1] He has been described as Zambia's most famous painter,[2] and most revered and pre-eminent artist.[3]

Biography

Early life

Tayali was born on 22 November 1943 to Edward Nkole Tayali (1914–1995) and Esnati Mumba Tayali (née Chola, 1923–1963) in Serenje in the British Colony of Northern Rhodesia (later to become Zambia), a town near the site of the Nsalu 12,000-year-old rock and cave paintings.[4] His father, the first born of five children, had won a scholarship to study at a South African University, but never took it up because his own mother died suddenly, and he chose to stay and look after his younger siblings. In order to support them, Tayali's father emigrated from Northern Rhodesia to work in Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia, ending up in the Department of Housing and Amenities.[5]

Henry Tayali was the oldest of seven brothers and sisters[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The siblings grew up in an atmosphere full of written and oral literature, drawing inspiration from local folk stories, and of European tales of adventure and exploration. Their father Edward was also an accomplished teller of traditional stories and African idioms and quotations, and had an easy wit. As a result, Tayali was an extremely well read and politically aware artist who, by the time he was eighteen, had read his fair share of the great literary novels of the West from authors such as Alexandre Dumas, père, James Fenimore Cooper, Robert Louis Stevenson and Mark Twain amongst others. Some of this influence can be seen in his early watercolour paintings.

Education

Henry Tayali at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Tayali first started painting while at school in Bulawayo in the late 1950s. He attended secondary school in Bulawayo at Mpopoma High School and during this time produced the work Destiny.[15] The proceeds from the sale of his paintings were held in the Henry Tayali Painting Fund, administered by Trustees who included Eric Gargett and E. H. Ashton. The money in the Fund would be released when Henry was accepted at University.

In early 1967, before his Cambridge 'O' Level Certificate results came out, Tayali left Rhodesia (the Southern was dropped when Zambia gained independence in 1964) for Zambia, and applied for a bursary from the Zambian Government - expressing an interest in Architecture with Art. With help from his father (who went to school at Lubwa Mission in Chinsali in Northern Rhodesia with the likes of Kenneth Kaunda (President of Zambia 1964–1991), Simon Kapwepwe (Vice President 1967–1970), and Wesley Nyirenda and others, and who lobbied the Ministry of Education at Ridgeway in Lusaka on his behalf), he was awarded a Zambian Government scholarship to study at Uganda's Makerere University in Kampala, where he graduated[16] in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Shortly after Idi Amin seized power in Uganda, Tayali returned to Zambia and then started work at the University of Zambia where he joined the Institute of African Studies in Lusaka as a lecturer in African art and later as University Artist.[17] In 1972, Tayali got a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) scholarship to study for a Masters in Fine Arts at the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, West Germany, breaking new ground along the way - he was the first African artist south of the equator to be awarded an Arts scholarship by the DAAD.[18]

His professor, Gerd Weber, said of him, "Of all the foreign students who have worked in my class, Henry Tayali is by far the most talented of them all. His work constitutes a synthesis between the traditional African art, the tools and techniques of the modern era."[citation needed].

After graduating in 1975, and fluent in German (in addition to English, Bemba, Ndebele, and Ngoni), he returned to Lusaka to the Institute of African Studies.

In early 1978, Tayali returned to West Germany to embark on a Doctor of Fine Arts degree at the Akademie für Bildende Künste, but unfortunately, the arrangements did not work out and he returned to Zambia bitterly disappointed.

Marriage and Family

In 1971, he married Regina Mary Birungi Kivubiro while still in Uganda, and just before returning to Zambia and they had a son in 1972, Rhodrick Tayali. Regina died in 1976. Tayali had a daughter in 1980, Katwishi Alanda Tayali, followed in 1983 by a son, Chaswe Angio Tayali, with Rosemary Kaluwa, whom he later married. Tayali's son Rhodrick is an object and interior designer - Diploma-Designer (FH) - by training and a graduate of the Fachhochschule Aachen, and is also an accomplished artist in his own right.[19][20] He started painting when in his early twenties, and has been regularly holding exhibitions in Germany since the late nineties.[21] He is based in Cologne in Germany. Tayali's daughter, Katwishi, lives in Lusaka and has also taken up art.

Tayali died on 22 July 1987 while visiting his eldest son and family friends the Moiks / Moik-Becker in Aachen, West Germany, after attending his youngest brother's wedding in Southampton, England. He was buried at Leopards Hill Cemetery in Lusaka.

Career

Henry Tayali showing some of his artwork to then Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, 1972

Tayali was very interested in art from birth. When the family was in Bulawayo, Tayali's natural talent was spotted early on by Alex Lambeth, who ran the African Affairs Department of Bulawayo City Council. Lambeth encouraged Tayali to pursue art as a career, and enrolled him on an artwork course. This led to Henry's first exhibition in Bulawayo at the age of fifteen.[3][22] His painting career took off after that, and using water colours, Tayali begun to produce varied, vibrant, dynamic works such as Sunset Road and Destiny.[23][24] He also produced sculptures - amongst them The Graduate[25] at the University of Zambia campus in Lusaka, as well as silk-screens and woodcuts, a few of these were printed as greeting cards and sold through newsagents and book stores. Tayali held exhibitions in Lusaka, Bulawayo, Aachen, Düsseldorf, London (Commonwealth Institute, 1983), Alberta, and Toronto as well as in Zambia, where a few of his exhibitions were opened by Kenneth Kaunda, the first President of Zambia.[26] He was associated with artists, authors and politicians, including Simon and Cynthia Zukas,[27] Andrew Sardanis[28] (whose property at Chaminuka houses an impressive collection of Tayali's paintings and sculptures amongst others, and is well worth a visit) and American Professor Melvin Edwards[29] at home and abroad, many of them becoming lifelong friends. There were also joint exhibitions and support, such as that provided by the Alliance Francaise.[30]

Henry Tayali, with Lungu, Lusaka, 1976

His works still continue to be exhibited in Zambia and across the world.[31][32][33] Perhaps appropriately too at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.[34] Numerous examples of Tayali's works are held in private collections across the globe /ref>.[35]

Tayali was also a keen photographer, having studied photography for his Masters, and always carried his trusted Leica SLR camera with him wherever he went. On his projects for the University, he produced a huge catalogue of photographs (often developing the prints himself, and having photographic slides made) of artefacts and people - something he worked hard for as a record for posterity.[36] Some of the photographs he took on his field trips around Zambia were turned into postcards.

Other work included efforts to establish a School of Fine Arts in Zambia and numerous field trips within Zambia to record and preserve the arts and cultures of the various tribes for posterity - including audio recordings. He was involved in organising the attendance - and was part - of the Zambian delegation at the groundbreaking Second African Festival of Arts and Culture in Lagos, Nigeria, 1977 (FESTAC'77).[37]

In addition to lecturing at the University of Zambia, Tayali also lectured at the Evelyn Hone College near the city centre in Lusaka.

He was also a restaurant/hotel critic - having travelled extensively all over the world as well as widely within Zambia in that role.

Works

Henry Tayali and his brother Bright Tayali and early metalwork sculptures, Roma, Lusaka, 1976

As a young man, Tayali had started his painting using water colours, producing works of great detail, vividness and vibrancy - his depiction of human figures similar in style to the Italian Renaissance painter Michelangelo (e.g. his watercolours held at the US National Archive: see External Links below) - before progressing to oil paintings. His paintings evolved from the fine art style of the late 1950s/1960s/early 1970s, to semi-abstract, through to abstract, and then edging to minimalism at the time of his death. His paintings were distinctive, blending African and Western styles, reflecting the influences on his life.

Tayali's paintings ranged in size from small scale to large wall murals – as in the German Embassy in Lusaka – and very large canvases of more than two metres in length by at least a metre and a half. Often, he would be working simultaneously on four or more paintings at a go, and different prints and sculptures at the same time – all the while with the backdrop of lecturing at the University, or undertaking research in different and remote parts of Zambia (mostly by road), or travelling internationally.

His woodcuts and silk-screens remained largely the same in composition throughout the latter half of his life, and he used them to pass frank comment on the lives of his subjects – the ordinary, common, people of Zambia (and Zimbabwe earlier),[38] particularly the beer gardens with their many characters, their many facets, their rich tapestry of social gatherings and social interactions (see Bier Garten below). Some critics have called some of his works 'crowded social realism'.[39] Equally, he would not leave out depicting his observations of the lone beggar in the street, or the market trader women,[40] or politicians in Africa. He was not averse to using his art to pass comment on any of them.[41]

From a young age, Tayali had always been interested in sculptures and modelling - and he went on to produce sculptures such as The Graduate seen here on the banner of the University of Zambia web-page, at the UNZA Great East Road campus. Funded by donations from the Zambia State Lottery, the Anglo-American Corporation and some individuals, it depicts a graduating student in his flowing gown and mortar board hat, the book in his left hand signifying progress through learning in the modern world, and the hoe in the right hand the hard work and progress through agriculture that has underpinned the country in general. He also produced a huge sculpture of a bird (work in concrete) at the Kapiri Mposhi railway station - the terminus end of the mid-seventies Chinese built Tazara (TAnzania ZAmbia RAilway) railway, whose other end is in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania's capital on the Indian Ocean coast. From about 1976, he started working with welded metal sculptures. Initially these were fairly simple as he was new to the medium and its techniques, but by the time of his death they had a majestic complexity to them - probably the most famous example is The Bull, which was mounted on the road to Lusaka International Airport.

His painting Destiny, produced while Tayali was still in school, has been described as "an attempt to express the profound thoughts of a serious young man, about the struggles of Mankind now and in the future" and has been exhibited around the world.,[15] see also [42] In 1991, it was purchased by the Lechwe Trust, a charity which supports visual artists in Zambia. Tayali had a close association with the Mpapa Gallery, where his works had often been exhibited.[17][43]

Speaking of his work in 1979, Tayali said, "My art is concerned with the suffering of the people and I want it to be the echo of that suffering. I see the problems of the continent... I am just recording what I and my people feel, but I do not attempt to provide answers to our problems ".[44]

Writing in 1980, the American academic Bob Barde placed Tayali's woodcut prints on a par with Europe's great printmakers such as Käthe Kollwitz and Théodore Géricault.[44] Tayali's woodcut subjects were usually about the common African man (and woman), and the feelings evoked by his daily travails, and the prevailing political landscape of the times. Barde described his prints as "powerful" and said that he "seems destined to play an important role in modern African art."

Throughout his life, Henry Tayali was indefatigable, driven to achieve his goals. A teetotaller, he espoused a dedicated work ethic, which he followed, often working - both as a student, and as an adult - very long hours each day in order to complete the tasks he had set himself. This was in spite of the fact that he was plagued by persistent stomach pains in his adult life after accidentally ingesting slivers of broken glass whilst drinking from a Coca-Cola bottle when he was a teenager.

On a personal side, with his trademark paint-splattered jeans and majestic walk, he also had a terrific sense of humour to counterbalance his serious approach to work,[45] and this sometimes broke out in - apart from the comments - exaggerated physical attributes on some of his subjects in a few of his works.[46] The art writer, Jean Kennedy said that Tayali's work, "makes strong statements, frequently leavened with humor, about personal and communal tragedies".[47]

Legacy

Tayali was one of the first Africans to work tirelessly to raise the profile of indigenous African art and crafts in Zambia, Africa, and the world through workshops, conferences, discussions, exhibitions, newspaper articles, magazines and television appearances.[48]

He played a very pivotal and influential role in cultural and artistic development in Zambia[3][49] and Africa.[50][51] He was president of the International Association of Artists in Zambia (which fell under UNESCO), and represented Zambia at various international symposia and conferences.[52] He also headed the Art Centre Foundation, the National Craft Council of Zambia, and the National Museums Board.

In reflection of his work and legacy, it has been suggested that his work Destiny is a historical piece of art, and not just an eye-catcher.[53]

In 1989, over seventy artists from around Zambia convened at Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Sciences, and formed the Zambia National Visual Arts Council (VAC) in his honour - as the national organisation for visual artists to be run by artists in Zambia. They named its headquarters at the Lusaka Showgrounds "The Henry Tayali Visual Art Centre".[3] The Visual Arts Council started its operations in 1991, but the Visual Arts Centre was officially opened later in 1995. It hosts art competitions, exhibitions, and seminars and it is one of the must-sees on the Zambian tourist circuit.[54][55][56] The Ngoma Awards,[57] sponsored by the National Arts Council of Zambia confers the "Henry Tayali Award" for Best Two-Dimensional Visual Artist.[58]

[59]

  • The Beggar, 1971, Woodcut, 1/3
    The Beggar, 1971, Woodcut, 1/3
  • Mother Afrika, 1974, Woodcut, 6/20
    Mother Afrika, 1974, Woodcut, 6/20
  • The Village, 1974, Silk screen, 9/30
    The Village, 1974, Silk screen, 9/30
  • Bier Garten, 1974, Woodcut, 2/6
    Bier Garten, 1974, Woodcut, 2/6
  • Abstract Painting, mid-eighties
    Abstract Painting, mid-eighties

Notes

  1. ^ Turner, Jane D (1996). The Dictionary of Art. Grove. p. 602. ISBN 1-884446-00-0. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  2. ^ Taylor, Scott D (2006). Culture and Customs of Zambia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-313-33246-3. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d Kaleyi, Calvin (October 1998). "The Henry Tayali legacy". Profit. pp. 34–35.
  4. ^ "Nsalu Cave". Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  5. ^ Note 1: "Tayali" is a corruption of the Swahili word "tayari", meaning ready or prepared and was the name given to, and first used by, Tayali's grandfather Museba, a soldier or Askari commanding a platoon of African troops in the King's African Rifles of the 1st Nyasaland Battalion. These were a part of the British Empire's Army which fought in the East African Campaign in World War I against the German Army's troops (German and local) in the German East African Colony of Tanganyika (which became Tanzania). Because he was a fearless leader, and was always ready to do battle, his men christened him "Tayari", literally meaning "Ever Ready". He took this as his family name and on his return to Northern Rhodesia, Tayari evolved into Tayali. Thus he was known as Museba Tayali. Almost everyone with the surname Tayali is descended from him.
  6. ^ Note 2: The other six siblings, in birth order, were: Bright Mwengwe Tayali (Goromonzi High School, Goromonzi District, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe; studied Veterinary Medicine, Kiev, Ukraine, Soviet Union); Wiseman Museba Katwishi Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; studied Mechanical Engineering - BSc, Beijing, China); Fayness Mumba Tayali (Mzilikazi High School, Bulawayo); Mabel Nkuswa Tayali (Kansenshi Secondary School, Ndola); Daniel Makalu Tayali; and member of Mensa International and patent holder Dr Nkole Enock Tayali (Kansenshi Secondary School, Ndola - Head Boy, Ndola City Jaycees Junior Mayor, and winner, national JETS (Junior Engineers Technicians and Scientists) competition); studied Mechanical Engineering and Energy Studies - BSc and PhD, Cardiff School of Engineering, University of Wales; and MBA, University of Warwick) who is also a published author, and writes under the name Adrian Ashe.
  7. ^ Ashe, Adrian (October 2008). London Lyrics. Authorhouse. ISBN 978-1-4343-9973-1.
  8. ^ "London Lyrics". Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  9. ^ "Mayoral Coronation Date". Sunday Times of Zambia. 18 July 1976. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Student Invents Calendar System". Mining Mirror (Zambia's Mining Industry Newspaper No.183). 24 September 1982. p. 3.
  11. ^ "European Patent Specification EP0668479B1". Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  12. ^ "United States Patent 6431262". Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  13. ^ "And now for something completely different". Croydon Advertiser go! Magazine. 14 August 2009. p. 4.
  14. ^ Brown, Sonia (15 September 2010). "The Engineer with Designs on Writing". The Voice. No. 1439A. p. 31.
  15. ^ a b "The Tale of Two Rescues!". The Zambia Lowdown. 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  16. ^ Kakande, Angelo (July 2011). "Contemplating the Early Years Exhibition, Moving Past Propaganda: A Critical Review". START Journal of Arts and Crafts, Kampala, Unganda. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  17. ^ a b Chibesa, David (8 October 1988). "Tayali's art goes on show at Mpapa". Times of Zambia. p. 4.
  18. ^ Tayali, Henry (30 March 1977). "Contact With Others Teaches Us Much by Henry Tayali". The Daily Mail (Zambia), Supplement. p. 5.
  19. ^ "TAYALI" (in German). Rhodrick Tayali. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  20. ^ Hornemann, Ina (17 March 2008). "Tayali erlebt zweiten Frühling in Altena". DerWesten (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  21. ^ Tayali, Rhodrick. "KÜNSTLER" (in German). Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  22. ^ "Henry Tayali". Zambia National Visual Arts Council. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  23. ^ "Echoes of Suffering - Zambia's Henry Tayali: An Artist of International Stature". Ndeke - Zambia Airways In-flight Magazine. No. 37. March 1993. pp. 28–32.
  24. ^ "Henry Tayali". African Sunrise. 1988. pp. 43–47.
  25. ^ "The Graduate". Times of Zambia. 3 April 1979. p. 4.
  26. ^ Tembo, Franklin (9 July 1978). "Art Has a bright Future - If Taken Seriously". Times of Zambia.
  27. ^ Leib, Sharon Rosen (October 2010). "Travel – The Jews of Zambia". San Diego Jewish. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  28. ^ "Chaminuka: Place on the Hill". Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  29. ^ "Melvin Edwards Biography". Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  30. ^ Kachingwe, Kelvin. "Kala refugees want training opportunities". Times of Zambia. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  31. ^ "Lusaka National Museum". 27 January 2005 to 2005-03-17. Retrieved 12 June 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ "Transitions". The Brunei Gallery. 2005. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  33. ^ "Adventure Travel News". Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  34. ^ "Permanent Collection". Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  35. ^ "BBC - Your Paintings - Henry Tayali". Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  36. ^ Tayali, Henry; Joe Kivubiro (1987). Images of Southern Africa: An Exhibition of Graphics. Flinders University of South Australia. ISBN 978-0-7258-0360-5.
  37. ^ "FESTAC'77". Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  38. ^ Murphy, Alan; et al. (2010-March 1 Edition). Zambia & Malawi. Lonely Planet. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-74179-433-5. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "Twins Seven Seven & Henry Tayali" (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  40. ^ Tharani, Nadir (1989). "The work of the Zambian artist, Henry Tayal" (PDF). Africa Events. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  41. ^ Witkamp, Bert (2013). "HENRY TAYALI AND FACKSON KULYA: Academic and folk art in Zambia of the seventies and eighties". Z-factor Art Site. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  42. ^ Mubiana, Desmond (15 July 1985). "Mpapa show brings out ten years of printmaking". Times of Zambia.
  43. ^ a b Barde, Bob (1980). "Henry Tayali: Zambian Printmaker". African Arts. 13 (3). UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center: 82. doi:10.2307/3335710. JSTOR 3335710. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  44. ^ Setti, Godfrey (January 2000). "An Analysis of the Contribution of Four Painters to the Development of Contemporary Zambian Painting from 1950 to 1997". Research Essay for Master of Fine Art, Rhodes University South Africa. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  45. ^ "Henry Tayali". In Situ. July 1978. p. 38.
  46. ^ Kennedy, Jean (1992). New Currents, Ancient Rivers: Contemporary African Artists in a Generation of Change. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-037-7.
  47. ^ Gaikwad, Mukta (15 March 2010). "African Art History". Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  48. ^ Meyers, Jane Kinney (27 June 2012). "Outreach to Vulnerable Youth in Africa through Partnerships for Innovative Programming: The Lubuto Library Project" (PDF). conference.ifla.org. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  49. ^ Gaikwad, Mukta (15 March 2010). "African Art History". Buzzle. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  50. ^ Kennedy, Jean (1992). "Between the Natural and Supernatural". extract. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  51. ^ Mubiana, Desmond (6 July 1985). "Strategy for arts unveiled". Times of Zambia.
  52. ^ "Lechwe's Art Showcased". Times of Zambia. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  53. ^ "Places to Visit - Lusaka". Zambia Tourist Board. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  54. ^ "THE HENRY TAYALI ART CENTRE". African Digital Art. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  55. ^ McIntyre, Chris (2008). Zambia: The Bradt Travel Guide. Guidebook. ISBN 978-1-84162-226-2.
  56. ^ "Ngoma awards". National Arts Council of Zambia. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
  57. ^ Kachingwe, Kelvin. "Annual Ngoma Awards: 10 years later". Times of Zambia. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  58. ^ "About Henry Tayali". Henry Tayali Art Gallery. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

Further reading

  • Zukas, Cynthia (1993) (in English). "Henry Tayali: A Re-Assessment"
  • Fall, N'Gone and Pivin, Jean Loup (2002) (in English). "An Anthology of African Art"
  • Pitcher, Gemma; Andrew, David; Armstrong, Kate; Bainbridge, James; Bewer, Tim and Carillet, Jean-Bernard (2007) (in English). "Africa"
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