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HCNG

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HCNG -CNG emission

HCNG or H2CNG (hydrogen compressed natural gas) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy.[1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines[2][3][4] and home appliances.

(regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart:

AVL = Average Levels?
CNG = Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG = Hydrogen and CNG blend
NOX = Nitrogen Oxides
NMHC = Non-Methane Hydrocarbons?
CH4 = Methane
THC = Total Hydrocarbons?
CO = Carbon Monoxide)

HCNG dispensers can be found at Hynor (Norway) Thousand palms and Barstow,[5] California, Fort Collins, Colorado (all US), Chongqing[6] and Shanxi (China),[7][8] Pico Truncado (Argentina),[9] Islamabad (Pakistan),[10][11] Dunkerque (France),[12][13] Gothenburg Sweden, Rio de Janeiro[14] (Brazil), Emilia-Romagna,[15][16] Lombardia[17][18] (Italy), Dwarka and Faridabad (Delhi), India[19][20][21] and the BC hydrogen highway in Canada.

HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station.

Research

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In the town of Nes on the island of Ameland in the Netherlands, a four-year (2008-2011) field test was carried out where 20% hydrogen was added to the local distribution net supplying a complex of 14 apartments.[22] The appliances involved were kitchen stoves, condensing boilers, and micro-CHP boilers.[23]

The use of existing natural gas pipelines for HCNG was studied by NaturalHy.[24]

To get the most out of an internal combustion engine in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made to the engine and the control strategy.[25][26][27] The hydrogen in the blend leads to lower CO2 emissions.[28]

Codes and standards

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The National Fire Protection Association 52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume are treated identically to CNG.[29] For the use of blends with more than 30[30]-40 % of hydrogen in volume[31] decision support tools[32] for the design are used to ensure safe use.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ International hydrogen fuel and pressure vessel forum 2010 Archived 2012-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Test of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in a light-duty vehicle
  3. ^ Development of HCNG blended fuel engine with control of NOx emissions
  4. ^ Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas
  5. ^ Hydrogen-enhanced natural gas vehicle program
  6. ^ Chongqing Wuzhoulong Works with Tsinghua University for HCNG Buses
  7. ^ HCNG in China
  8. ^ Sxgxny (Shanxi)
  9. ^ Argentina’s first HCNG patrol car Archived 2013-01-29 at archive.today
  10. ^ Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani supports non-stop CNG loading in Pakistan Archived 2013-01-29 at archive.today
  11. ^ PM dedicate three gas fields for CNG Industry, HCNG to import immediately with zero import duty Archived 2013-01-31 at archive.today
  12. ^ ALT-HY-TUDE Project Archived 2010-04-01 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Position Paper: Natural gas – hydrogen blends technology" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  14. ^ Petrobras and the infrastructure for hydrogen supply in Brazil Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Hydrogen-methanemixtures: vehicle tests performed by ENEA Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ mhybus
  17. ^ Regione Lombardia: 10 hydromethane Pandas
  18. ^ Italian highway presents first prototype of hydrogen-methane Iveco Ecodaily Archived 2013-01-29 at archive.today
  19. ^ Successful adoption of CNG and emerging CNG-H2 program in India
  20. ^ Automotive research body develops greener fuel engine for light vehicles
  21. ^ Hydrogen–CNG Fuel To Debut During Games
  22. ^ Pilot project on hydrogen injection in natural gas on island of Ameland
  23. ^ Ameland Field testing
  24. ^ Using the existing natural gas system for hydrogen Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ A study on quasi-dimensional combustion model of a spark ignition HCNG engine suitable for various hydrogen fractions (SAE 2008)
  26. ^ "Natural gas vehicle research roadmap -Pag.22" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
  27. ^ High-percentage hydrogen/cng blend Ford F-150 operating summary
  28. ^ Navarro, Emilio; Leo, Teresa J.; Corral, Roberto (2013). "CO2 emissions from a spark ignition engine operating on natural gas–hydrogen blends (HCNG)". Applied Energy. 101: 112–120. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.046. ISSN 0306-2619.
  29. ^ "Hydrogen enriched natural gas technology-pag.36" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
  30. ^ "Hydrogen and natural gas blends; Converting light and heavy duty vehicles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  31. ^ "Use of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in urban vehicles in the transition towards an hydrogen economy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  32. ^ Decision Support Tool Archived 2013-12-18 at the Wayback Machine
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