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IPv6 deployment

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Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the next generation of the Internet Protocol that is currently in various stages of deployment on the Internet. It was designed as a replacement of the current version, IPv4, that has been in use since 1982 and is in the final stages of exhausting its unallocated address space.

Despite a decade long development and implementation history as a Standards Track protocol and imminent exhaustion of the available IPv4 address pool by 2011, IPv6 is only in its infancy in terms of general worldwide deployment.

In February 1999, The IPv6 Forum[1] was founded by the IETF Deployment WG to drive deployment worldwide. This resulted in the creation of regional and local IPv6 Task Forces.

A global view into the growing IPv6 routing tables can be obtained with the SixXS Ghost Route Hunter.[2] This tool provides a list of all allocated IPv6 prefixes and marks with colors the ones that are actually being announced into the Internet BGP tables. When a prefix is announced, it means that the ISP at least can receive IPv6 packets for their prefix.

The current integration of IPv6 on existing network infrastructures can also be monitored from other sources, for example:

According to Kshemendra Paul, chief architect at the U.S. Department of Justice, Asia is experiencing a huge demand for addresses and thus is one of the strongest adopters of IPv6.[citation needed]

Overview

In December 2008, despite marking its 10th anniversary as a Standards Track protocol, IPv6 was only in its infancy in terms of general worldwide deployment. A study by Google, reported in November 2008,[6] indicated that penetration was still less than one percent of Internet traffic in any country. The leaders were Russia (0.76%), France (0.65%), Ukraine (0.64%), Norway (0.49%), and the United States (0.45%). Although Asia led in terms of absolute deployment numbers, the relative penetration was smaller (e.g., China: 0.24%). IPv6 is implemented on all major operating systems in use in commercial, business, and home consumer environments. According to the Google study, Mac OS X led in IPv6 penetration with 2.44%, followed by Linux (0.93%) and Windows Vista (0.32%).[7]

IPv6 testing, evaluation, and certification

Number of IPv6 prefixes and AS on the Internet since 2003.
Monthly IPv6 allocations per RIR.

A few international organizations are involved with IPv6 test and evaluation ranging from the United States Department of Defense to the University of New Hampshire.

Government incentives

Increasingly, governments are starting to require support for IPv6 in new equipment. The U.S. Government, for example, specified in 2005 that the network backbones of all federal agencies had to be upgraded to IPv6 by June 30, 2008, which was completed before the deadline.[8][9][10][11]

The government of People's Republic of China has a 5 year plan for deployment of IPv6 called the China Next Generation Internet (see below).

Official governmental decisions can serve to further encourage the private sector and other countries to migrate to IPv6 as well.

Australia

  • AARNet recently completed a new network, AARNet 3. It is a high-speed network connecting academic and research customers in the major metropolitan centres, with international links to major ISPs in the US, Asia, and Europe. One of the design goals was to support both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols equally. It also supports multicast routing and jumbo frames.[12]
  • IPv6 Now Pty Ltd introduced the first[13] commercial-grade IPv6 tunnel broker service in Australia on April 30, 2008. Also, in June 2008, IPv6Now introduced the first dual stacked (IPv4 & IPv6) web hosting service.[14]
  • Internode is the first commercial ISP in Australia to have full IPv6 connectivity, and are currently making IPv6 available to customers.[15] The availability to customers was officially announced to Whirlpool on July 18, 2008.[16]
  • The Victorian State Government has granted $A350,000 to establish an IPv6 testbed network (VIC6) freely available to industry to evaluate their IPv6 products and strategies.[17]

Canada

  • TekSavvy is currently deploying their own IPv6 network to customers as a Beta.

China

The China Next Generation Internet (CNGI, 中国下一代互联网) project is a five-year plan initiated by the Chinese government with the purpose of gaining a significant position in the development of the Internet through the early adoption of IPv6. Also, the CERNET (China Education and Research NETwork, 中国教育和科研计算机网, 教育网) has set up native IPv6 (CERNET2), and since then many academic institutions in China have joined CERNET2 for IPv6 connectivity.

2008 Olympic Games IPv6 showcase

China showcased CNGI's IPv6 infrastructure at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing.[18] The Olympics website was published on the IPv6 Internet at http://ipv6.beijing2008.cn/en (IP addresses: 2001:252:0:1::2008:6 and 2001:252:0:1::2008:8). All network operations of the Games were conducted using IPv6. This event was reported to be the largest showcase of IPv6 technology since the inception of IPv6.[19] The deployment of IPv6 was widespread in all related applications, from data networking and camera transmissions for sporting events, to civil applications, such as security cameras and taxis. The events were streamed live over the Internet and networked cars were able to monitor traffic conditions readily.

CERNET-2

CERNET-2 is probably the widest deployment of IPv6 in China. It is managed and operated jointly by 25 universities.[20] Students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, for example, get native IPv6.[21][22]

Germany

  • M-Net, a regional carrier and ISP, offers an IPv6 PoP for their customers.
  • The 6WIN backbone network by the JOIN Team offers full native IPv6 support for their participants. Many scientific networks in Germany, like the Munich Scientific Network (MWN)[2] operated by Leibniz-Rechenzentrum, are connected to this network.
  • According to a a list maintained by the SiXXS project, there are about seven providers who offer native IPv6 or combined native IPv6/native IPv4-connectivity over the T-DSL network at the end of 2009.

Finland

  • FICORA (Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority), the NIC for the .fi top level domain, has added IPv6 address to DNS servers, and allows entering IPv6 address when registering domains. The registration service for new domains is planned to be available over IPv6 at the beginning of year 2011.[23]
  • According to survey made by Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority on February 2008, only one ISP in Finland provides IPv6 connectivity.[24]

France

  • AFNIC, the NIC for (among others) the .fr Top Level Domain, has implemented IPv6 operations.[25]
  • Renater, the French national academical network, is offering IPv6 connectivity including multicast support to their members.
  • Free, a major French ISP, rolled-out IPv6 at end of year 2007.[26]
  • Nerim, a small ISP, provides native IPv6 for all its clients since March 2003.[27]
  • Orange has done IPv6 experimentation, official support is still unclear.
  • OVH has implemented IPv6.[28]
  • FDN, a small associative ISP, has been providing native IPv6 since November 2008.[29]

India

  • Department of Telecommunications, of Government of India is running a program for adoption of IPv6 in the Government network.
  • TEC (Telecommunication Engineering Center) is writing specification for IPv6 certification.
  • Sify Technologies Limited,[30] a private Internet service provider, rolled out IPv6 in 2005.[31] Sify has a dual-stack network that supports commercial services on IPv6 transport for its enterprise customers.[31] Sify is a sponsored member of 6Choice, a project by India-Europe cooperation to promote IPv6 adoption.[32]
  • Sify is the first to launch a dual-stack commercial portal http://sify.com,.[33] Users were notified about the version of IP they use when they are accessing the front-page.

Japan

  • Telecommunications company NTT announces itself as the world's first ISP to offer public availability of IPv6 services in March 2000.[34]

Luxembourg

  • RESTENA, the national research and education network, has been running IPv6 for a number of years. It is connected to the European GEANT2 network. In addition, it runs one of the country Internet exchanges, which supports IPv6 peering.[35] RESTENA also runs the .lu top level domain, which also supports IPv6.[36]
  • P&T Luxembourg, main telecom and Internet service providers, has announced they have production quality IPv6 connectivity since January 2009, with the first professional customers being connected as of September 2009.[37] Deployment of IPv6 to residential customers is expected to take place in 2010.[38]

Netherlands

  • SURFnet, maintainer of the Dutch academical network SURFnet, introduced IPv6 to its network 1997, in the beginning using IPv6-to-IPv4 tunnels. Currently its backbone is entirely running dual-stack, supporting both native IPv4 and IPv6 to most of its users.[39]
  • XS4All is a major Dutch ISP. In 2002 XS4All was the first Dutch broadband provider to introduce IPv6 to its network,[40] but it has only been experimental. In May 2009 the provider provided the first native IPv6 DSL connections.[41] As of August 2010 native IPv6 DSL connections became available to almost all their customers.[42]
  • Business-orientated Internet provider BIT BV has been providing IPv6 to all their customers (DSL, FTTH, colocated) since 2004.[43]
  • SixXS has two private Dutch founders and has been partnering with IPv6 Internet service providers in many countries to provide IPv6 connectivity via IP tunnels to users worldwide since 2000. It started out as IPng.nl with a predominantly Dutch user base and reorganized as SixXS to be able to reach users internationally and be diversified in ISP support.[44] SixXS also provides various other related services and software which contributed significantly to IPv6 adoption and operation globally.
  • Business ISP Introweb provides an IPv6-only 8 Mbit/s ADSL connection for 6 euro per month to 100 customers as a pilot, both for companies to learn how to adapt to IPv6 as for themselves in working on a fully IPv6 enabled network.[45][46]
  • Signet is the first ISP in the country which provides IPv6 connectivity together with IPv4 on multiple national fiber networks (Eurofiber, Glasvezel Eindhoven, BRE, Glasnet Veghel, Ziggo, and Fiber Port).[47]
  • Most Dutch hosting companies, including the biggest one, Leaseweb, support IPv6, but customers by default get only IPv4 address.
  • Several government sites (such as Rijksoverheid.nl) are available via IPv6.[48]
  • On July 13. 2010, native IPv6 over UMTS/GPRS has been successfully tested in the Netherlands within a vehicle platform as an Intelligent transportation system solution. The test was performed both in gsm and in tethering mode using a Nokia smart-phone. This test was performed by Logica Netherlands with in the SPIS project, in corporation with Mobistar Belgium.
  • In December 2010, one of the biggest ISPs of the Netherlands, UPC, has begun deploying IPv6 to all its customers.

Poland

  • The Polish national research and education network began a IPv6 trial period in 2002.[49] As for now native IPv6 connectivity is available to numerous educational and private clients connected via citywide networks operated by local universities.
  • Polish Internet Exchange, a commercial and carrier-neutral Internet traffic exchange point, has facilitated IPv6 peering between numerous[50] operators since 2008.[51]

Sweden

Operators offering native IPv6 access for business clients and collocation customers include:

United Kingdom

  • JANET, the UK's education and research network, is introducing IPv6 unicast support into its service level agreement by August 2008.[52] Several major UK universities (e.g., Cambridge) are upgrading their campus routing infrastructure during summer 2008 to provide IPv6 unicast support to their users.
  • Andrews & Arnold launched a native (non-tunneled) IPv6 service in October 2005.[53]
  • The UK Government is intending to replace much of its Wide Area Network with a new Public Sector Network (PSN) starting in late 2009. The PSN will be based on IPv6.[54]
  • Claranet provide IPv6 services across its network footprint.[55] Tagadab, its hosting arm, offers IPv6 connectivity for server hosting services.[56]

United States

  • Comcast, a cable Internet provider, has started IPV6 trials.[57]
  • As with IPv4, the Department of Defense holds a larger IPv6 allocation than any other entity, a /13 block, enough to create almost 9 trillion (9×1012) local area networks, and 64 times as many as the next largest entity.[58]
  • Hurricane Electric (AS6939),[59] a Fremont, California Internet backbone and colocation provider, was an early IPv6 adopter and maintains a native IPv6 backbone and is today one of the largest IPv6 connectivity and hosting providers in the United States. It was the first IPv6 backbone operator in the world to reach 200 IPv6 BGP adjacencies. Through its IPv6 tunnel broker service,[60] Hurricane also provides free IPv6 connectivity to users in the United States and in several other countries.
  • Sonic.net, a Santa Rosa, California-based Internet provider, offers partial support for IPv6. They assign a /60 to any customer requesting address space and deliver the IPv6 packets over a 6in4 tunnel. The RDNS authoritative servers for the assigned IPv6 space do answer IPv6 requests, but the recursive DNS servers provided for customer use are IPv4-only.

Other Countries

  • Bulgaria has constructed a research center to study the possibilities of adopting IPv6 in the country. The center is to operate alongside another facility, which is equipped with an IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer.[61]
  • New Zealand ISP Worldxchange Communications has started providing residential customers with dual (IPv4 and IPv6) service using DHCPv6, on a trial basis.[62]
  • Algeria AnwarNet (www.anwarnet.dz); AfriNIC has allocated range of IPv6 address space to AnwarNet, AnwarNet will start the IPV6 services in 2010.

World IPv6 Day

Main article: World IPv6 Day

The Internet Society has announced that they will promote June 8, 2011 as "World IPv6 Day".[63] Major content providers such as Google, Facebook, Yahoo, and Akamai Technologies will ensure their content is directly reachable by customers with IPv6 connectivity, without the need for whitelisting or special URLs. The event is described as a "test drive" for full IPv6 rollouts.[64]

See also

References

  1. ^ The IPv6 Forum
  2. ^ SixXS Ghost Route Hunter
  3. ^ IPv6 prefix allocation
  4. ^ IPv6 transit
  5. ^ IPv6 services in Japan
  6. ^ Global IPv6 Statistics - Measuring the current state of IPv6 for ordinary users, Lorenzo Colitti (Google), RIPE 57 (Dubai, Oct 2008)
  7. ^ Google: more Macs mean higher IPv6 usage in US
  8. ^ August 2005 directive from the Office of Management Budget
  9. ^ DOD to allocate its IPv6 addresses
  10. ^ Bitten by IPv6 (correction to the first report)
  11. ^ Providing the Tools for Information Sharing: Net-Centric Enterprise Services (Department of Defense Chief Information Officer Information Policy Directorate)
  12. ^ "AARNet3". AARNet. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  13. ^ IPv6 Historic Timeline
  14. ^ IPv6 Commercial Services
  15. ^ Internode and IPv6
  16. ^ Internode releases national IPv6 access
  17. ^ Victorian Government establishes VIC6
  18. ^ Beijing2008.cn. "Beijing 2008." Beijing2008.cn leaps to next generation Net.
  19. ^ IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics
  20. ^ Organizational structure of CERNET2
  21. ^ BUPT IPv6 portal
  22. ^ SJTU native IPv6 deployment status (Chinese)
  23. ^ (in Finnish) Status update of IPv6 support of .fi root
  24. ^ (in Finnish) Summary of IPv6 deployment status in Finland
  25. ^ AFNIC full IPv6 ready
  26. ^ IPv6 Rolled-out at ISP Free
  27. ^ Nerim - IPv6 (in French)
  28. ^ OVH : Ipv4Ipv6
  29. ^ FDN : IPv6 à la maison (in French)
  30. ^ Sify website
  31. ^ a b Press release on Sify's IPv6 deployments
  32. ^ 6Choice Project
  33. ^ Sify Portal
  34. ^ Marsan, Carolyn Duffy (March 20, 2000). "Japan's NTT to be first to offer IPv6". Network World. Vol. 17, no. 12. pp. 41–44.
  35. ^ Luxembourg Internet exchange peering information
  36. ^ About DNS LU
  37. ^ P&T Solutions
  38. ^ P&T Luxembourg presentation at IPv6 council
  39. ^ IPv6 at SURFnet
  40. ^ IPv6 at XS4All
  41. ^ Eerste IPv6 ADSL-verbinding opgeleverd
  42. ^ http://www.xs4all.nl/nieuws/bericht.php?msect=nieuws&id=1104&taal=nl IPv6 nu al voor iedereen mogelijk bij XS4ALL
  43. ^ Computable 2004-05-14
  44. ^ SixXS History
  45. ^ http://www.ispam.nl/archives/10952/introweb-eerste-met-alleen-ipv6-internetverbinding/ Introweb eerste met IPv6-Only ADSL
  46. ^ http://www.introweb.nl/nieuws/bericht.php?id=287 Introweb stimuleert gebruik IPv6
  47. ^ http://www.signet.nl/nieuws/nieuws-index/signet-is-klaar-voor-ipv6.html Signet is als eerste provider klaar voor IPv6 over glasvezel!
  48. ^ http://groups.google.nl/group/xs4all.general/browse_thread/thread/fad43049bd5877fe www.rijksoverheid.nl via ipv6
  49. ^ http://www.pionier.net.pl/online/pl/projekty/14/6NET.html
  50. ^ http://www.plix.pl/en/member
  51. ^ http://webhosting.pl/Punkt.wymiany.ruchu.miedzyoperatorskiego.PLIX.uruchamia.obsluge.IPv6
  52. ^ JANET AND IPv6
  53. ^ http://aaisp.blogspot.com/2005/10/native-ipv6-support-on-new-pipe.html
  54. ^ Project Ocean bidders' pack
  55. ^ http://noc.eu.clara.net/ipv6.php
  56. ^ http://mdsblog.tagadab.com/?p=75
  57. ^ http://www.comcast6.net/
  58. ^ The US Department of Defense has 42 million billion billion billion IPv6 addresses
  59. ^ Hurricane Electric website
  60. ^ tunnelbroker.net IPv6 service
  61. ^ ДАИТС изгражда суперкомпютър, news.bg, 21 May 2008
  62. ^ WXNZ IPv6 Trial
  63. ^ Facebook, Google, Yahoo commit to 'World IPv6 Day' trial
  64. ^ World IPv6 Day
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