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Japanese destroyer Akatsuki (1932)

Coordinates: 09°17′S 159°56′E / 9.283°S 159.933°E / -9.283; 159.933
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For other ships with the same name, see Japanese destroyer Akatsuki.
Akatsuki underway on 18 January 1937.
History
Empire of Japan
NameAkatsuki
NamesakeJapanese destroyer Yamabiko
Ordered1923 Fiscal Year
BuilderSasebo Naval Arsenal
Laid down17 February 1930
Launched7 May 1932
Commissioned30 November 1932
Stricken15 December 1942
FateSunk in action off Guadalcanal, 13 November 1942
General characteristics
Class and typeTemplate:Sclass- destroyer
DisplacementTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer displacement
LengthTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer length
BeamTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer beam
DraftTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer draft
PropulsionTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer propulsion
SpeedTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer speed
RangeTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer range
ComplementTemplate:Fubuki class destroyer complement
Armament
Akatsuki steaming in the Yangtse River, China, while convoying transports in August 1937.

Akatsuki (暁, Dawn) [8] was the twenty-first Template:Sclass-, or the lead ship of the Template:Sclass- (if that sub-class is regarded as a separate class), built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the inter-war period. When introduced into service, these ships were the most powerful destroyers in the world.[9] They remained formidable weapons systems well into the Pacific War.

History

Construction of the advanced Fubuki-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion program from fiscal 1923, intended to give Japan a qualitative edge with the world's most modern ships.[10] The Fubuki class had performance that was a quantum leap over previous destroyer designs, so much so that they were designated Special Type destroyers (特型, Tokugata). The large size, powerful engines, high speed, large radius of action and unprecedented armament gave these destroyers the firepower similar to many light cruisers in other navies. The Akatsuki sub-class was an improved version of the Fubuki, externally almost identical, but incorporating changes to her propulsion system.[11]

Akatsuki, built at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal was the first of the “Type III” improved series of Fubuki destroyers, incorporating a modified gun turret which could elevate her main battery of Type 3 127 mm 50 caliber naval guns to 75° as opposed to the original 40°, thus permitting the guns to be used as dual purpose guns against aircraft.[12] Akatsuki was laid down on 17 February 1930, launched on 7 May 1932 and commissioned on 30 November 1932.[13]

Operational history

On completion, Akatsuki was assigned to Destroyer Division 6 along with her sister ships, Inazuma, Hibiki, and Ikazuchi, under the IJN 1st Fleet and participated in operations in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Like others of her type, she was modified during the middle 1930s, both to correct design deficiencies and to enhance combat capabilities.

World War II

At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Akatsuki was assigned to Destroyer Division 6 of Desron 1 of the IJN 1st Fleet, and had deployed from Mako Guard District to provide cover for landing operations in British Malaya and later for in operations against the Netherlands East Indies, including the invasion of western Java and in the Philippines.[14] She attacked, but failed to sink the submarine USS Permit on 17 March 1942.

After returning to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for maintenance in March 1942, Akatsuki was reassigned to northern operations, and deployed from Ōminato Guard District in support of Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya’s Northern Force in the Aleutians campaign, patrolling waters around Kiska and Attu during June and July, and towing the damaged Hibiki from Kiska back to Paramushiro in the Chishima Islands. She continued to be assigned to northern patrols in the Chishima islands and Aleutian islands through the beginning of August.[15] After maintenance at Yokosuka in late July, Akatsuki was reassigned as escort for the new aircraft carriers Zuihō and Unyō, which it accompanied to Truk, and missions in the Solomon Islands and back to Kure Naval District.

From October, Akatsuki was used for numerous “Tokyo Express” high speed transport runs throughout the Solomon Islands.[16]

On October 25, 1942 Akatsuki, Ikazuchi, and Shiratsuyu conducted a daylight raid into the waters of "Ironbottom Sound" off Guadalcanal. In the resulting action, the fast minesweeper USS Zane was damaged and fleet tug USS Seminole and patrol craft YP-284 were sunk before the Japanese ships were driven off by US Marine coastal artillery. Akatsuki suffered light damage when its No.3 gun turret was hit by coastal artillery, with four crewmen killed.

Three weeks later, Akatsuki returned to "Ironbottom Sound" as part of a powerful bombardment force built around the battleships Hiei and Kirishima. On the night of 12–13 November 1942, in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, this unit encountered a task force of U.S. Navy destroyers and cruisers. Operating on the right flank of the Japanese battleships, Akatsuki is often credited with illuminating and then torpedoing USS Atlanta: however, her Chief Torpedo Officer, Michiharu Shinya – one of her few survivors - later stated unequivocally that Akatsuki was overwhelmed by gunfire before being able to launch any torpedoes that night.[17][18] Soon after illuminating Atlanta, she was heavily hit by American gunfire and sank early in the action near Savo Island at position 09°17′S 159°56′E / 9.283°S 159.933°E / -9.283; 159.933, with the loss of all but eighteen crewmen (out of a total complement of 197), which were later captured by U.S. forces.[19] These crewmen were later imprisoned at the Featherston prisoner of war camp in New Zealand.

On 15 December 1942, Akatsuki was removed from the navy list.[20]

Notes

  1. ^ 5"/50 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
  2. ^ 12.7 cm/50 3rd Year Type, NavWeaps.com.
  3. ^ 25mm/60 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
  4. ^ 25 mm/60 AA MG Type 96, NavWeaps.com.
  5. ^ 13mm/76 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
  6. ^ 13 mm/76 AA MG Type 93, NavWeaps.com.
  7. ^ Japanese Torpedoes, CombinedFleet.com.
  8. ^ Nelson. Japanese-English Character Dictionary. Page 483
  9. ^ Globalsecurity.org. "IJN Fubuki class destroyers".
  10. ^ Fitzsimons, Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare p.1040
  11. ^ Peattie & Evans, Kaigun page 221-222.
  12. ^ F Fitzsimons, Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1977), Volume 10, p.1040.
  13. ^ Nishidah, Hiroshi (2002). "Akatsuki class 1st class destroyers". Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
  14. ^ IJN Akatsuki: Tabular Record of Movement
  15. ^ Morison. Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944.
  16. ^ D’Albas. Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II.
  17. ^ Editors Note 1 http://www.combinedfleet.com/akatsu_t.htm
  18. ^ The Lost Ships of Guadalcanal by Robert Ballard and The Path From Guadalcanal by Michiharu Shinya
  19. ^ IJN Akatsuki: Tabular Record of Movement
  20. ^ Nishidah, Hiroshi (2002). "Akatsuki class destroyers". Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)

References

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