Jean-François Allard
Jean-François Allard | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Jean-François Allard, by Joseph-Désiré Court, 1837 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1785 Saint Tropez, Kingdom of France (present-day France) |
| Died | 1839 (aged 53–54) Peshawar, Sikh Empire (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) |
| Spouse | Princess Bannu Pan Dei[1] |
| Awards |  Legion of Honour - Commander  Kaukab-i-Iqbal-i-Punjab |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  First French Empire Sikh Empire |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | 7th Hussar Regiment Fauj-i-Khas |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Waterloo |
Jean-François Allard (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa alaʁ]; 1785–1839), born in Saint Tropez, was a French soldier and adventurer.[2]
Biography
[edit]France
[edit]Allard served in Napoleon's Army, where he was twice injured. He was promoted to the rank of Captain of the French 7th Hussar Regiment.
Persia
[edit]After the Battle of Waterloo Allard drifted, going to Persia where he visited Abbas Mirza to propose his services. He was promised the rank of Colonel, but never actually received the troops corresponding to his function.[3][4]
India
[edit]
In 1820, Allard left for the Punjab, where in 1822 he entered the service of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was commissioned to raise a corps of dragoons and lancers. On completion for this task, Allard was awarded the rank of General, and became the leader of the European officer corps in the Maharaja's service. While serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, he fell in love with Princess Bannu Pan Dei from the area that is now Himachal Pradesh. They married and eventually had seven children. In 1835, Allard returned to his hometown Saint-Tropez along with his wife and built "Pan Dei Palais" to commemorate their love. When he returned to India, to serve in Maharaja's army once again he left Pan Dei at Saint-Tropez, fearing that she might commit Sati, if he died in India for any reason.[1]
Another European who took service in the Punjab with Allard in 1822 was the Italian Jean-Baptiste Ventura. They were joined four years later by the Neapolitan Paolo Di Avitabile, and the Frenchman Claude August Court.[5] A Spaniard, by the name of Oms, also served with them for a period.
Allard was a charming and gentle man, very different from some of the other European mercenaries in the Punjab. He made the effort to learn Persian, and is said to have composed poetry in his new language.[citation needed]
He was an amateur numismatist, and contributed greatly to the early study of Ancient Indian coins.[6]
In June 1834, Allard returned to France on leave, going back to the Punjab 18 months later. He continued to serve the Maharaja until his death in 1839.
Awards
[edit]
On 27 February 1814, Allard was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour[7] by Napoleon Bonaparte.[5] On 5 November 1832, his rank was promoted to Officer.[7] On 20 October 1835, his rank for this award was promoted to Commander.[7]
Allard was awarded the Kaukab-i-Iqbal-i-Punjab (Persian for Bright Star of Punjab) by Ranjit Singh.[5]
See also
[edit]
- France-Asia relations
- Sikhism in France
- Legion of Honour
- List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (A)
- Legion of Honour Museum
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b "Explained: A love story that ties Saint-Tropez with Himachal Pradesh". Indian Express. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ Bansal, Bobby Singh (7 November 2010). "Firangis in Ranjit Singh's Durbar". The Tribune.
- ^ John Gorton, A General Biographical Dictionary, p. 16
- ^ Chambers's encyclopaedia p.152
- ^ a b c d Brown, Kerry (1999). Sikh art and literature. Psychology Press. p. 43 ff. ISBN 978-0-415-20289-3.
- ^ Proceedings of the Numismatic Society, 1836/1837-1838/1839. Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain) p.71 [1]
- ^ a b c "Dossier: Allard, Jean François". National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 1836. p. 1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
