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Same-sex adoption in Europe

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Legal status of adoption by same-sex couples in Europe:
  Joint adoption legal1
  Stepparent adoption legal
  No laws allowing adoption by same-sex couples
1In Finland a law will come into force in 2017.

Debate has occurred throughout Europe over proposals to legalise same-sex parental adoption as well as step-child adoption.

Currently some types of adoption by same-sex couples are legal in 19 of the 56 countries and in 3 of the 6 dependent territories in Europe. Full joint adoption by same-sex couples is legal in fourteen European countries, namely Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland (effective 2017), France, Iceland, Ireland (not yet determined), Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,[1] Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. An additional three, Estonia, Germany and Slovenia, permit step-child adoption in which the registered partner can adopt the biological and, in some cases, the adopted child of his or her partner. In Croatia, a life partner may become a partner-guardian over their partner's child, which is to a great extent comparable to step-child adoption. As for the dependent territories, joint adoption by same-sex couples is legal in Gibraltar, the Isle of Man and Jersey. Several countries are currently considering permitting full joint or step-child adoption by same-sex couples.

Current situation

Joint adoption

Jurisdiction Entry into force Notes
[2] Andorra Andorra 25 December 2014
[3] Austria Austria 1 January 2016
[4] Belgium Belgium 30 June 2006
[5] Denmark Denmark 1 July 2010
  • The law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
[6] Finland Finland 1 March 2017
[7] France France 18 May 2013
[8] Gibraltar Gibraltar
(British Overseas Territory)		 28 March 2014
[9] Iceland Iceland 27 June 2006
[10] Republic of Ireland Ireland To be determined
[11] Isle of Man Isle of Man
(British Crown Dependency)		 6 April 2011
[12] Jersey Jersey
(British Crown Dependency)		 2 April 2012
[13] Luxembourg Luxembourg 1 January 2015
[14] Malta Malta 13 June 2014
[15][16] Netherlands Netherlands 1 April 2001
  • The law initially applied to the European Netherlands only.
  • On 2012 its scope was expanded to include the Caribbean Netherlands.
[17] Norway Norway 1 January 2009
[18] Portugal Portugal 1 March 2016
[19] Spain Spain 3 July 2005
Sweden Sweden 1 February 2003
[20][21] United Kingdom United Kingdom 30 December 2005
  • The law does not apply to Northern Ireland and Scotland.
  • In Scotland a separate law came into force on 28 September 2009.[22]
  • In Northern Ireland since 11 December 2013[23]

Step-child adoption

Jurisdiction Entry into force Notes
[24] Estonia Estonia 1 January 2016
[25] Germany Germany 1 January 2005
[26] Slovenia Slovenia July 2011
  • In July 2011, The Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs stated that the existing law allows for second-parent adoption.

Other

Jurisdiction Entry into force Notes
[27] Croatia Croatia 5 August 2014
  • "Partner-guardianship"

Future legislation

Full joint adoption

Germany Germany: The opposition party The Left submitted a bill to the Federal Diet on 23 October 2013. It had its first reading on 19 December 2013.

Guernsey Guernsey: In May 2015, Guernsey's Chief Minister announced that a review of the 1960 Adoption Law which bars unmarried couples from adopting was scheduled for 24 June 2015.[28] The Chief Minister hopes to extend full adoption rights to couples in overseas civil partnerships and those who have lived together for some time.[29][30] On 24 June 2015, the States of Guernsey agreed to bring about changes to its adoption law.[31][32]

Step-child adoption

Czech Republic Czech Republic: In September 2014, a group of deputies introduced a bill to allow step-child adoption by a partner of the same-sex.[33] In October, the government decided to not take a stance on the bill.[34]

San Marino San Marino: In March of 2016, the United Left announced a proposal for a gender-neutral partnership bill with same-sex adoption rights. The junior coalition partner, the Party of Socialists and Democrats, expressed their openness to same-sex parenting and may submit their own bill with stepchild adoption rights.[35]

Switzerland Switzerland: In 2011 and 2012, the Swiss Parliament debated whether to extend stepchild adoption or full joint adoption, ultimately opting for stepchild adoption. In November 2014, the government approved allowing stepchild adoption as part of a broader adoption reform. After approval by parliament, it will likely be put to a referendum.[36]

Public opinion

According to pollster Gallup Europe, women, younger generations, and the highly educated are more likely to support same-sex marriage and adoption rights for gay people than other demographics.[37]

In the United Kingdom in 2007, 64% of people said they thought gay couples should be allowed to adopt and 32% said they should not. 55% of respondents thought that male couples should be able to adopt and 59% of people thought that lesbian couples should be able to adopt.[38]

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex adoption nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex adoption is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has step-child adoption or partner-guardianship
Opinion polls for same-sex adoption in Europe
Country Pollster Year For Against Don't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other
 Austria Eurobarometer 2023 65%[39] 30% 5%
 Belgium Ipsos 2021 72%[40] 21% 7%
 Bulgaria Eurobarometer 2006 12%[41] 68%[41] 20%[41]
 Cyprus Eurobarometer 2006 10%[41] 86%[41] 4%[41]
Czech Republic Czech Republic CVVM 2019 47%[42] 47% 6%
 Denmark Pew Research Center 2017 75%[43] - -
 Estonia HumanrightsEE 2023 47%[44] 44%[44] 9%[44]
 Finland Taloustutkimus 2013 51%[45] 42%[45] 7%[45]
 France Ipsos 2021 62%[40] 29% 10%
 Germany Ipsos 2021 69%[40] 24% 6%
 Greece KAPA Research 2023 53%[46] 41%[46] 6%[46]
 Hungary Ipsos 2021 59%[40] 36% 5%
 Ireland Red C Poll 2011 60%[47] - -
 Italy Eurispes 2023 50.4% [48] 49.6% 0%
 Latvia SKDS 2023 27%[49] 23%[49] 46%[49]
 Lithuania Eurobarometer 2006 12%[41] 82%[41] 6%[41]
 Luxembourg Politmonitor 2013 55%[50] 44%[50] 1%[50]
 Malta Misco 2014 20%[51] 80%[51] -
 Netherlands Ipsos 2021 83%[40] 12% 5%
 Norway YouGov 2012 54%[52] 34%[52] 12%[52]
 Poland Ipsos 2021 33%[40] 58% 10%
 Portugal Pew Research Center 2017 59%[53] 28%[53] 13%[53]
 Romania Eurobarometer 2006 8%[41] 82%[41] 10%[41]
 Russia Ipsos 2021 23%[40] 67% 10%
 Serbia Civil Rights Defenders 2020 22.5%[54] - -
 Slovakia Eurobarometer 2006 12%[41] 84%[41] 4%[41]
 Slovenia Delo Stik 2015 38%[55] 55%[55] 7%[55]
 Spain Ipsos 2021 77%[40] 17% 6%
 Sweden Ipsos 2021 79%[40] 17% 4%
  Switzerland Pink Cross 2020 67%[56] 30%[56] 3%[56]
 Ukraine Gay Alliance of Ukraine 2013 7%[57] 68%[57] 12%
13% would allow some exceptions[57]
 United Kingdom Ipsos 2021 72%[40] 19% 9%

See also

References

  1. ^ http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/portugal-sex-adoption-artificial-insemination-35322018
  2. ^ Template:Ca icon Llei 34/2014, del 27 de novembre, qualificada de les unions civils i de modificació de la Llei qualificada del matrimoni, de 30 de juny de 1995.
  3. ^ Template:De icon Homosexuelle dürfen künftig adoptieren – ohne Gesetzesnovelle
  4. ^ Template:Nl icon Wet van 18 mei 2006 tot wijziging van een aantal bepalingen van het Burgerlijk Wetboek, teneinde de adoptie door personen van hetzelfde geslacht mogelijk te maken
  5. ^ Template:Da icon Lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab, lov om en børnefamilieydelse og lov om børnetilskud og forskudsvis udbetaling af børnebidrag
  6. ^ Template:Sv icon Lag om ändring av äktenskapslagen
  7. ^ Template:Fr icon LOI n° 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe
  8. ^ CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2014
  9. ^ Template:Is icon Lög um breytingu á lagaákvæðum er varða réttarstöðu samkynhneigðra (sambúð, ættleiðingar, tæknifrjóvgun)
  10. ^ "Children and Family Relationships Act 2015". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  11. ^ Civil Partnership Act 2011
  12. ^ Civil Partnership (Jersey) Law 2012
  13. ^ Template:Fr icon Mémorial A n° 125 de 2014
  14. ^ AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto
  15. ^ Template:Nl icon Wet openstelling huwelijk
  16. ^ Template:Nl icon Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba
  17. ^ Template:No icon Lov om endringer i ekteskapsloven, barnelova, adopsjonsloven, bioteknologiloven mv. (felles ekteskapslov for heterofile og homofile par)
  18. ^ Template:Pt icon Lei n.º 2/2016 de 29 de fevereiro
  19. ^ Template:Es icon Ley 13/2005, de 1 de julio, por la que se modifica el Código Civil en materia de derecho a contraer matrimonio
  20. ^ Adoption and Children Act 2002
  21. ^ Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007
  22. ^ "The Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007 (Commencement No. 4, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2009". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  23. ^ "Gay adoption: Northern Ireland ban lifted". BBC News. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  24. ^ "Kooseluseadus" (in Estonian). Riigikogu. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  25. ^ Template:De icon Gesetz zur Überarbeitung des Lebenspartnerschaftsrechts
  26. ^ "Confronting Homophobia in Europe" (PDF). Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  27. ^ Template:Hr icon Zakon o životnom partnerstvu osoba istog spola
  28. ^ "2015 June 24th Billet XI". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Adoption law changes proposed to make all couples equal « Guernsey Press". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  30. ^ Billet D'Etat 24th June 2015: Pages 25-32
  31. ^ "Guernsey follows Jersey in new adoption rules". ITV News. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  32. ^ "Guernsey law change allows same-sex couples to adopt". BBC News. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  33. ^ Template:Cs icon Sněmovní tisk 320 Novela z. o registrovaném partnerství
  34. ^ Template:Cs icon Vláda se neshodla na novele o adopci registrovanými partnery
  35. ^ San Marino. Unioni civili, presto sul tavolo tre bozze di legge
  36. ^ Adoption par le conjoint du même sexe: le Conseil fédéral a livré sa copie, 29 November 2014, 360.ch
  37. ^ "Public opinion and same-sex unions (2003)". ILGA Europe. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Gay Adoption 28 Jan 2007 (28 January 2007). "UK Polling Report". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 16 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2972
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey" (PDF). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "EUROBAROMETER 66 FIRST RESULTS" (PDF). TNS. European Commission. December 2006. p. 80. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  42. ^ "Průzkum 2019: Čím dál více lidí si uvědomuje, že mají v rodině a mezi přáteli gaye a lesby" [Survey 2019: More and more people realize that they have gays and lesbians in their family and among friends]. nakluky.cz (in Czech). 6 July 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  43. ^ Gianni Balduzzi (23 July 2018). "Sondaggi politici, italiani tra i più contrari in Europa alle adozioni gay" [Political polls find Italians among the most against gay adoptions in Europe]. Termometro Politico (in Italian). Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  44. ^ a b c "Avaliku arvamuse uuring LGBT teemadel (2023)" (PDF).
  45. ^ a b c "Extranet - Taloustutkimus Oy".
  46. ^ a b c "Nearly 55% of Greeks support gay marriage and 53% adoption, poll finds". ekathimerini.com. 16 January 2024.
  47. ^ "Nearly three quarters of Irish people in favour of gay marriage". Thejournal.ie.
  48. ^ "Rapporto Italia 2023" [Italy Report 2023] (in Italian). EURISPES Istituto di Studi Politici Economici e Sociali. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  49. ^ a b c "Teju trešdaļai Latvijas iedzīvotāju atbalstoša attieksme pret LGBTQ, liecina aptauja (2023)".
  50. ^ a b c "Politmonitor: Breite Mehrheit für Homo-Ehe". Politmonitor. Luxemburger Wort. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  51. ^ a b Sansone, Kurt (12 January 2014). "Survey – 80 per cent against gay adoption". Times of Malta. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  52. ^ a b c "Le mariage et l'adoption pour tous, un an après" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  53. ^ a b c "Pew Research Center".
  54. ^ "Attitudes towards LGBTI+ rights and issues in Serbia" (PDF). Civil Rights Defenders. 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  55. ^ a b c "Večina podpira istospolne poroke, do posvojitev je zadržana".
  56. ^ a b c "Neue Umfrage zeigt: Klare Zustimmung für tatsächliche Gleichstellung" [New survey shows: Clear agreement for real equality] (in German). 10 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  57. ^ a b c ""Гей-альянс Украина" публикует результаты исследования общественного мнения о восприятии ЛГБТ в украинском социуме".
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