Lakh

A lakh (/ˈlæk/ or /ˈlɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac^[1] or Lacs) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10⁵). ^[2]^[1]^[3] In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English. In Pakistan, the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media.^{[citation needed]}

Usage

In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun, and with either a marked ("-s") or unmarked plural, as in: "1 lakh people" or "1 lakh of people"; "200 lakh rupees"; "5 lakh of rupees"; "rupees 10 lakhs"; or "5 lakhs of rupees". In the abbreviated form, usage such as "₹‍5L" (for "rupees 5 lakh") is common.^{[citation needed]} In this system of numeration 100 lakh is called one crore and is equal to 10 million.

Money

In colloquial Urdu, especially in the city of Karachi, the word peti ("suitcase") is also used to denote one lakh rupees. This originated during the General Zia era, when the largest denomination of currency was the 100 rupee note, and one lakh rupees would fill a small suitcase (peti as in Bombay Hindi). Hence, even after the Zia era, one peti has continued to mean one lakh rupees.^{[citation needed]}

The word 'lakhi' is commonly used throughout Tanzania to denote 100,000 Shillings and is likely to have entered the Swahili language from Indian and Pakistani immigrants.^{[citation needed]}

Precious metals market

The term is also used in the international precious metals market. One lakh equals 100,000 troy ounces (3,100 kilograms) of a precious metal such as gold or silver.^[4]^[5]

Etymology and regional variants

The root of the word lakh might be the Pali lakkha (masculine noun, "mark, target, stake in gambling"), from which the numerical meaning, "one hundred thousand" is derived.^[6] Another possible root could be the Sanskrit laksha (Devanagari: लक्ष lakṣa), which has similar meanings in that language.^{[citation needed]}

South Asian languages

Assamese: লাখ lakh
Bengali: লাখ lakh or লক্ষ lokkho
Dhivehi: ލައްކަ lakka
Gujarati: લાખ lākh
Hindi: लाख lākh
- Bombay Hindi: पेटी peṭi
  (Peṭi refers to a briefcase. That is, the amount of money in ₹ 100 notes that can fit into a briefcase.)
Kannada: ಲಕ್ಷ laksha
Kashmiri:[] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help) lach
Konkani: लाख lākh or लक्ष lakṣa
Malayalam: ലക്ഷം laksham
Marathi: लाख lākh or लक्ष lakṣa
Nepali: लाख lākh
Odia: ଲକ୍ଷ lôkhyô
Pashto: لاکھ lakh
Punjabi: ਲੱਖ/لکھ lakkh
Romani: लाख lakh
Sanskrit: लक्ष lakṣá
Sindhi: لک lakhu
Sinhalese: ලක්ෂ laksha
Tamil : லட்சம் laṭcham
Telugu: లక్ష lakṣha
Tulu: [ಲಕ್ಷ] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: tu (help) laksha
Urdu: لاکھ lākh

References

^ ^a ^b Rowlett, Russ (2008-12-15) [1998]. "lakh". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-08-29. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "lakh". Oxford English Dictionary (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 1933.
^ Lange, Norbert Adolph (1973) [1934]. Dean, John Aurie (ed.). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (11 ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 3-16. ISBN 0-07-016190-9. Retrieved 2016-08-28. Prefixes for Naming Multiples and Submultiples of Units: […] The prefix "myria" is sometimes used for 10⁴ and "lakh" for 10⁵.
^ "Silver fix enters the digital age". Financial Times. Retrieved 6 September 2015.(subscription required)
^ "Units of Measure". perthmint.com.au. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
^ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1985). "lakṣá10881". A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. London: Oxford University Press, 1962-1966. Includes three supplements, published 1969-1985. Digital South Asia Library, a project of the Center for Research Libraries and the University of Chicago. p. 629. Retrieved 2010-08-22. lakṣá10881 lakṣá masculine ʻ stake, prize ʼ R̥gveda, ʻ mark, sign ʼ Mahābhārata, ʻ 100,000 ʼ Yājñavalkya, ʻ aim ʼ Kālidāsa, lakṣya— neuter, masculine ʻ aim ʼ Muṇḍ Upaniṣad, ʻ prize ʼ Mahābhārata, , ʻ 100,000 ʼ Mahābhārata, . [√lakṣ. For derivation from root to become numeral, see Addenda: Pali lakkha— masculine ʻ mark, target, stake in gambling ʼ; Oṛiyā lākha, nākha ʻ aim, distinguishing mark ʼ, lācha ʻ brand ʼ; Gujarātī lāchɔ masculine ʻ burning the feet ʼ; Marāṭhī lās masculine ʻ mark made by cautery ʼ, neuter.]

External links

IINRG, Ranchi. "Government Organisation".

[Rowlett_2008-1] Rowlett, Russ (2008-12-15) [1998]. "lakh". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-08-29. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[OED1-2] "lakh". Oxford English Dictionary (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 1933.

[Dean_1973-3] Lange, Norbert Adolph (1973) [1934]. Dean, John Aurie (ed.). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (11 ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 3-16. ISBN 0-07-016190-9. Retrieved 2016-08-28. Prefixes for Naming Multiples and Submultiples of Units: […] The prefix "myria" is sometimes used for 10⁴ and "lakh" for 10⁵.

[4] "Silver fix enters the digital age". Financial Times. Retrieved 6 September 2015.(subscription required)

[5] "Units of Measure". perthmint.com.au. Retrieved 6 September 2015.

[6] Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1985). "lakṣá10881". A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. London: Oxford University Press, 1962-1966. Includes three supplements, published 1969-1985. Digital South Asia Library, a project of the Center for Research Libraries and the University of Chicago. p. 629. Retrieved 2010-08-22. lakṣá10881 lakṣá masculine ʻ stake, prize ʼ R̥gveda, ʻ mark, sign ʼ Mahābhārata, ʻ 100,000 ʼ Yājñavalkya, ʻ aim ʼ Kālidāsa, lakṣya— neuter, masculine ʻ aim ʼ Muṇḍ Upaniṣad, ʻ prize ʼ Mahābhārata, , ʻ 100,000 ʼ Mahābhārata, . [√lakṣ. For derivation from root to become numeral, see Addenda: Pali lakkha— masculine ʻ mark, target, stake in gambling ʼ; Oṛiyā lākha, nākha ʻ aim, distinguishing mark ʼ, lācha ʻ brand ʼ; Gujarātī lāchɔ masculine ʻ burning the feet ʼ; Marāṭhī lās masculine ʻ mark made by cautery ʼ, neuter.]

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