List of free imperial cities
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There were 51 Free Imperial Cities in the Holy Roman Empire as of 1792.[1] They are listed here with their official confessional status confirmed by the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
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Other cities which were once Free Imperial cities, but had ceased to be so by 1792, include:
- Baden (formally only?)
- Basel (became a Swiss Canton, 1501, independence from the Empire recognized 1648)
- Bern (became a Swiss Canton, 1351, independence recognized 1648)
- Bisanz (Besançon) (annexed by Spain, 1648)
- Brakel (annexed by the bishop of Paderborn)
- Bremgarten (formally only?)
- Kamerich (Cambrai) (to the Spanish Netherlands, 1543)
- Diessenhofen
- Deventer
- Donauwörth (to Bavaria, 1617)
- Duisburg (to Cleves, 1290)
- Düren (to Jülich)
- Frauenfeld
- Freiburg im Üechtland (Fribourg) (became a Swiss Canton)
- Füssen (to the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg, 1313)
- Gelnhausen (to Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), 1745)
- Hagenau (annexed by France, 1670s)
- Herford (to Brandenburg)
- Colmar (annexed by France, 1673, confirmed 1697)
- Kampen
- Kaisersberg (annexed by France, 1648)
- Kessenich
- Konstanz (annexed by Austria, 1548)
- Landau (annexed by France, 1648)
- Lemgo (to Lippe)
- Lucerne (became a Swiss Canton, independence recognized 1648)
- Mainz (returned to the control of its archbishop, 1462)
- Metz (annexed by France, 1552)
- Mülhausen (Mulhouse) (an associate of the Swiss Confederation after 1648, annexed by France, 1798)
- Münster im Elsass (annexed by France, 1648)
- Murten (to Savoy, 1255)
- Nijmegen (to Guelders, 1247)
- Oberehnheim (annexed by France, 1648)
- Rapperswil
- Rheinfelden (to the Habsburgs, 1330)
- Riga (to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1581)
- Rosheim (annexed by France, 1648)
- Saarburg (Sarrebourg) (annexed by France)
- Schaffhausen (became a Swiss Canton, 1501, independence recognized 1648)
- Schmalkalden (to Hesse, 1581)
- Schlettstadt (Sélestat) (annexed by France, 1670s)
- Solothurn (became a Swiss Canton, 1481, independence recognized 1648)
- Strassburg (annexed by France, 1681, confirmed 1697)
- Toul (annexed by France, 1552)
- Türkheim (Turckheim) (annexed by France, 1648)
- Verden (to Duchy of Verden, 1648)
- Verdun (annexed by France, 1552)
- Warburg (annexed by the prince-bishop of Paderborn)
- Winterthur
- Weißenburg (Wissembourg) (annexed by France, 1648)
- Zug (became a Swiss Canton, independence recognized 1648)
- Zürich (became a Swiss Canton, 1351, independence recognized 1648)
See also
References
- ^ They are the cities that, with the exception of Buchau, took part in the Imperial Diet of 1792. A list can be found in G. Benecke, Society and Politics in Germany, 1500-1750, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix III