List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.
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Mammals
Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazonian smilodon Smilodon populator |
10,000 BC |
Northern South America | 
|
| Antifer Antifer crassus |
11000 BC |
Argentina, Brazil and Chile | -- |
| Arctotherium Arctotherium sp. |
11000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Canis nehringi |
8000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp. |
4000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Dire wolf Canis dirus |
11000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium |
6000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Glyptodontidaes Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus |
11000 BC |
South America | .jpg)
|
| Hippidion |
10000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp. |
10000 BC |
South America | .jpg)
|
| Neochoerus Neochoerus sp. |
10000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Stegomastodon Stegomastodon sp. |
10000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Theriodictis Theriodictis sp. |
11000 BC |
Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay | -- |
| Toxodon Toxodon sp. |
16500 BC |
South America | 
|
| Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis |
10000 BC |
Brazil and Venezuela | -- |
Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1] |
1960 |
Brazil | -- |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2] |
1952 |
Caribbean Sea | 
|
| Darwin's rice rat Nesoryzomys darwini[3] |
1929 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Falkland Island wolf Dusicyon australis[4] |
1876 |
United Kingdom (Falkland Islands) | 
|
| Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5] |
Unknown |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Indefatigable Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6] |
1930s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7] |
Unknown |
Bolivia, Brazil & Venezuela | -- |
| Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8] |
Before 1910 |
Peru | -- |
| Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9] |
1962 |
Argentina | -- |
| Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10] |
1503? |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11] |
1899 |
Argentina & Brazil | -- |
| Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12] |
1994 |
Mocha Island, Chile | -- |
| Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13] |
1942 |
Peru | -- |
Birds
| Alejandro Selkirk Island Firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi |
1908 |
Chile | 
|
| Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus |
1970 |
Colombia | -- |
| Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris |
1957 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi |
1952 |
Colombia | -- |
| San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius |
1980s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis |
1843 |
Peru | 
|
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antioquia brush finch Heliangelus zusii |
1971 |
Colombia | -- |
| Bogota sunangel Heliangelus zusii |
1907 |
Colombia | -- |
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis |
1939 (South America), 1962 (North America) |
Brazil and Argentina | 
|
| Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus |
1960s |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay | 
|
| Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops |
1823 |
Brazil | -- |
| Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae |
1852 |
Bolivia | 
|
| Táchira antpitta Grallaria chthonia |
1956 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini |
1850 |
Colombia and Ecuador | 
|
Amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atelopus ignescens[14] | Unknown |
Ecuador | 
|
| Atelopus longirostris[15] |
1989 |
Ecuador | -- |
| Atelopus vogli[16] | 1933 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[17] |
1920s |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[18] |
1980 |
Chile | -- |
Reptiles
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra nigra[19] |
1850 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii[20] |
June 24, 2012 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | 
|
Fish
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[21] |
Unknown |
Colombia | -- |
| Titicaca Orestias Orestias cuvieri[22] |
1930s |
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru | 
|
Mollusks
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biotocus turbinatus |
Unknown |
Brazil | 
|
| Digerus gibberulus |
Unknown |
Brazil | -- |
| Littoridina gaudichaudii |
1933 |
Ecuador | 
|
| Megalobulimus cardosoi |
Unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Worms
- Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil
Insects
- Megadytes ducalis[23]
Unknown, Brazil - Rhantus orbignyi[24]
Unknown, Argentina and Brazil
See also
References
- BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
- IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
- Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from http://extinct.petermaas.nl on 25/3/2006
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