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List of avant-garde films before 1930

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A list of avant-garde and experimental films made before 1930. Though some had dedicated music scores written for them, or were synchronized to records, nearly all of these films were silent. Several of them involve color, through tinting, hand-painting or even photographic color.

Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes
1900
A Nymph of the Waves Frederick S. Armitage Cathrina Barto United States Early use of optical printing[1]
1901
The Ghost Train Frederick S. Armitage United States Use of overprinting; section shown in negative[2][3]
1903
Le cake-walk infernal Georges Méliès France Ghostly, in-camera superimpositions[4]
Down the Hudson Frederick S. Armitage, A.E. Weed United States Single-frame, time-lapse travel actually "up" the Hudson River[5][6]
1905
Interior NY Subway, 14th Street to 42nd Street Billy Bitzer United States Shot from front of subway car, largely abstract[7][8]
1907
Les Kiriki - Acrobates Japonaises Segundo de Chomon France Exceptional trick film, shot from the ceiling facing downward[9]
1908
Fantasmagorie Émile Cohl France Early animation, reflective of the pre-modernist movement of the Incoherents[10]
1910
The Hasher's Delerium Émile Cohl France Early animation; representation of a hallucination [11]
1911
The Automatic Moving Company Romeo Bosetti and/or Emile Cohl France Often attributed to Emile Cohl; recent scholarship points toward Bosetti.[12][13]
A Chord of Color Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[14]
Study on the Effects of Four Colors Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[15]
Translation of Mendelssohn's Spring Song Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[16]
Translation of Mallarmé's poem "Flowers" into Colors Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[17]
1912
The Rainbow Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[18][19]
The Dance Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Kingdom of Italy Abstract animation, Lost film[20][21]
1913
Rythmes colorés (Coloured Rhythm) Leopold Survage France Abstract animation; ca. 105 drawings made but not filmed[22][23][24]
1914
Drama in the Futurist's Cabinet No. 13 Vladimir Kasyanov Mikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova, David Burliuk Russia Lost film[25][26]
1915
La folie du Docteur Tube Abel Gance Albert Dieudonné France Archaic trick film, shot through Anamorphic lens[27][28]
The Picture of Dorian Gray Vsevolod Meyerhold, Mikhail Doronin Vavara Yanova, Vsevolod Meyerhold Russia Adaptation of Oscar Wilde story by symbolist theater director; Lost film[29][30]
Hypocrites (film) Lois Weber Courtenay Foote, Myrtle Stedman United States Allegorical and highly symbolic religious picture; nude principal character[31]
1916
The Strong Man Vsevolod Meyerhold Mikhail Doronin, Vsevolod Meyerhold Russia Adaptation of Stanisław Przybyszewski play by symbolist theater director; Lost film[32][33]
Intolerance (film) D.W. Griffith Lillian Gish, Robert Harron United States Influential film which attempts to tell four stories at once; extensive use of montage[34]
Diana the Huntress Charles W. Allen, Francis Trevelyan Miller Lionel Braham, Percy Richards United States Highly stylized mythic film; fragment only[35][36]
1917
Thaïs Anton Giulio Bragaglia Thaïs Galizsky Kingdom of Italy Italian Futurist film; incomplete print extant.[37][38]
Vita futurista Arnaldo Ginna Filippo Marinetti, Giacomo Balla Kingdom of Italy Italian futurist film; Lost film[39][40]
1918
Âmes des fous Germaine Dulac Sylvio de Pedrelli, Ève Francis France Serial which incorporated avant-garde techniques; lost film.[41][42]
Il Perfido Incanto Anton Giulio Bragaglia Renée Avril, Thaïs Galizsky Kingdom of Italy Lost Italian Futurist film.[43][44]
The Blue Bird (1918 film) Maurice Tourneur Tula Belle, Robin Macdougall United States Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film[45]
Prunella Maurice Tourneur Isabel Berwin, Jules Raucourt United States Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film; only a 30-minute fragment extant [46][47]
Nye dlya deneg radivshisya Nikandr Turkin Vladimir Mayakovsky, David Burliuk Soviet Union Russian futurist adaptation of Jack London story[48]
1919
Rose-France Marcel L'Herbier Claude-France Aïssé, Jacque Catelain France Symbolic romance[49]
The Fall of Babylon D.W. Griffith Constance Talmadge, Alfred Paget United States Edited from Intolerance, widely influential in Europe; introduced 'Russian montage' to Russia[50]
1920
Nude Woman by Waterfall Claude Friese-Greene United Kingdom Dance film.[51]
La fête Espagnole Germaine Dulac Ève Francis, Gaston Modot France First film written by Louis Delluc[52][53]
Le silence Louis Delluc Ève Francis, Gabriel Signoret France Naturalist, experimental short[54]

[55][56]

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Robert Wiene Conrad Veidt, Lil Dagover Weimar Republic Expressionist horror film, greatly influential on avant-garde filmmakers, particularly in the United States[57]
Genuine (film) Robert Wiene Fern Andra, Hans Heinrich von Twardowski Weimar Republic Particularly extreme example of Expressionism[58]
The Soul of the Cypress Dudley Murphy Chase Harringdine United States Dance film[59][60]
Aphrodite Dudley Murphy Katharine Hawley United States Dance film, Lost film[61][62]
Anywhere Out of the World Dudley Murphy Chase Harringdine United States Dance film, Lost film[63]
1921
El Dorado Marcel L'Herbier Ève Francis, Jacque Catelain France Melodrama, highly stylized sets and use of montage[64]
Fièvre Louis Delluc Ève Francis, Gaston Modot France Naturalist melodrama[65][66]
Opus 1 Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract Animation[67]
Opus 2 Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract Animation[68]
Rhythmus 21 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his films; this was probably made at least several years later.
Manhatta Paul Strand, Charles Sheeler United States First City film[69][70]
1922
La femme de nulle part Louis Delluc Ève Francis, Gine Avril France Naturalist melodrama[71][72]
Der Sieger Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Semi-abstract advertising film[73]
Danse macabre Dudley Murphy Adolph Bolm, Ruth Page United States Dance film[74][75]
The Enchanted City Warren Newcombe United States Art heavy futurist short[76][77]
1923
The Man Without Desire Adrian Brunel Ivor Novello United Kingdom Fantasy, cited by Rotha[78]
Le Retour à la Raison Man Ray Alice Prin (Kiki de Montparnasse) France Insert film for a Dadist soirée [79]
L'ironie du Destin Dimitri Kirsanoff Dimitri Kirsanoff, Nadia Sibirskaïa France Naturalist melodrama; Lost film[80][81]
La roue Abel Gance Séverin-Mars, Ivy Close France Lengthy melodrama utilizing extensive segments of "Russian montage"[82][83]
Cœur fidèle Jean Epstein Léon Mathot, Gina Manès France Naturalist melodrama, experimental sequence; cited in Curtis[84][85]
La mort du soleil Germaine Dulac André Nox, Denis Lorys France Social drama, experimental techniques[86][87]
La Souriante Madame Beudet Germaine Dulac Germaine Dermoz, Alexandre Arquillière France Social drama, experimental techniques[88][89]
Paris qui dort René Clair Henri Rollan, Charles Martinelli France Surrealist comedy with science-fiction angle[90][91]
Rhythmus 23 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his film; this was probably made at least several years later.[92]
Salome Charles Bryant Alla Nazimova, Mitchell Lewis United States Art Nouveau rendering of biblical story based on Aubrey Beardsley [93][94]
Sea of Dreams Warren Newcombe Hazel Lindsley United States Futuristic fantasy; Lost film [95][96]
Dnevnik Glumova (Glumov's Diary) Sergei Eisenstein Grigori Alexandrov, Sergei Eisenstein Soviet Union Filmed inserts for The Wise Man, a production of the Moscow Proletkult Central Theater; issued as part of Kino Pravda No. 16 [97][98]
1924
Ballet Mécanique Fernand Léger, Dudley Murphy Alice Prin France Cubist film, with music score by George Antheil [99][100]
Entr'acte René Clair Alice Prin, Francis Picabia, Erik Satie, Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp France Dadaist insert film for Erik Satie's ballet Relâche[101][102]
L'Inhumaine Marcel L'Herbier Georgette Leblanc, Jacque Catelain France Highly stylized science fiction feature[103][104]
Au secours! Abel Gance Max Linder, Jean Toulout France Horror-comedy, highly experimental in style [105][106]
The Fugitive Futurist Gaston Quiribet United Kingdom Comedy featuring "melting" wipe effect; futuristic projections on travel[107]
Symphonie Diagonale Viking Eggeling Weimar Republic Abstract animation; in production from 1921.
Opus III Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract animation[108]
The Adventures of Oktyabrina Grigori Kozintsev, Leonid Trauberg Zinaida Torkhovskaya, Yevgeni Kumeiko Soviet Union First production of FEKS; lost film[109]
Soviet Toys Dziga Vertov Soviet Union Satirical animation and advertising[110]
1925
A Quoi revent les jeunes films? Henri Chomette, Man Ray France Lost film. Made as a collaboration between Chomette and Ray; later sub-divided into three different films.[111][112]
La fille de l'eau Jean Renoir Catherine Hessling, Pierre Champagne France Naturalist drama, surrealist influenced[113][114]
Les aventures de Robert Macaire Jean Epstein Jean Angelo, Alex Allin France Fantasy serial, cited in Rotha[115]
Jean Cocteau fait du cinéma Jean Cocteau Jean Cocteau France 16mm short, Lost film[116][117]
Stromlinien Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation[118]
Rhythmus 25 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation; Lost film[119]
Opus IV Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract animation[120]
Rebus Film Nr. 1 Paul Leni Weimar Republic Semi-abstract filmed puzzle, part of a series of eight films[121][122]
KIPHO Julius Pinschewer, Guido Seeber Weimar Republic Trailer for International Film Congress of Berlin, 1925[123][124]
Lebende Buddhas Paul Wegener Paul Wegener, Asta Nielsen Weimar Republic Fragment only; fragment is more experimental than Expressionist[125]
The Pottery Maker Robert J. Flaherty United States Semi-documentary, experimental in style[126][127]
The Way Francis Brugière Sebastian Droste, Rosalinde Fuller United States Unrealized project, dated by Rotha to 1923 and often dated to 1929; 1925 is correct[128]
Battleship Potemkin Sergei Eisenstein Aleksandr Antonov, Grigori Alexandrov Soviet Union "Odessa Steps" sequence is a textbook example of Russian montage[129]
1926
Anemic Cinema Marcel Duchamp France Dadaist semi-animated film [130]
Ménilmontant Dimitri Kirsanoff France Urban realist melodrama[131][132]
Rien que les heurs Alberto Cavalcanti Blanche Bernis, Nina Chousvalowa France City film[133]
Le voyage imaginaire René Clair Dolly Davis, Jean Bõrlin France Fantasy film with surrealist elements[134][135]
Jeux des reflets et de la vitesse Henri Chomette France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[136]
Cinq minutes de cinéma pur Henri Chomette France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[137][138]
Filmstudie Hans Richter Weimar Republic Merger between abstract animation and photographic abstraction [139]
Wax Experiments Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract Animation; incorporates footage going back to c. 1921[140]
Spirals Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract Animation; incorporates footage made several years earlier[141]
Raumlichtkunst series Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation; multiple projector performances. Reconstructed 2012 in HD as a three screen installation.[142]
A Page of Madness Teinosuke Kinugasa Masuo Inoue, Yoshie Nakagawa Japan Surreal, intense representation of insanity using highly advanced film techniques.[143]
Moonland Neil McGuire, William A. O'Connor Mickey McBan United States Fantasy short, surrealist sets & situations[144][145]
Mother Vsevolod Pudovkin Vera Baranovskaya, Nikolai Batalov Soviet Union Gripping social realist drama, heavy use of montage[146]
1927
Emak-Bakia Man Ray Alice Prin France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[147]
La Glace à trois faces (The Three-Sided Mirror) Jean Epstein Raymond Guérin-Catelain, Jeanne Helbling France Avant-garde projection of a narrative romance.[148]
Napoléon Abel Gance Albert Dieudonné, Antonin Artaud France Enormous historic epic, experimental techniques and multi-screen[149]
L'invitation au voyage Germaine Dulac Emma Gynt, Raymond Dubreuil France Impressionistic "Cinéma pur" [150]
Le train sans yeux Alberto Cavalcanti Hans Mierendorff, Gina Manès France Written by Louis Delluc[151]
La p'tite Lili Alberto Cavalcanti Catherine Hessling, Jean Renoir France Naturalist short, street film[152]
Sur un air de Charleston Jean Renoir Catherine Hessling, Johnny Hudgins France Silly, surrealist dance short with sci-fi elements[153]
En rade Alberto Cavalcanti Pierre Batcheff, Blanche Bernis France Urban realist melodrama[154][155]
Vieux châteaux Eugene Deslaw Zet Molan France Artful semi-documentary[156]
La marche des machines Eugene Deslaw France Semi-abtract art film of machinery; filmed by Boris Kaufman[157]
Les Halles centrales Boris Kaufman France City film[158]
Berlin: Symphony of a Great City Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic City film
Inflation Hans Richter Weimar Republic
Orgelstabe Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation; series of experiments made over several years.[159]
Seelische Konstruktionen Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation.[160]
München-Berlin Wanderung Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Photographic single-frame film. Not released until decades later.[161]
Die Landpartie Alex Strasser Weimar Republic Animated "grotesque"[162]
City Film Ralph Steiner United States Amateur City film[163]
Loony Lens Al Brick United States Anamorphic views; insert series to Fox Movietone newsreels, begun 1924, only 4 known,[164][165]
Magic Umbrella Jerome Hill United States Genre parody, filmed in Rome; color and sound added in 1965 [166]
The End of St. Petersburg Vsevolod Pudovkin, Mikhail Doller Aleksandr Chistyakov, Vera Baranovskaya Soviet Union Historic epic[167]
1928
Impatience Charles Dekeukeleire Yvonne Selma Belgium Photographic abstract film[168]
Blue Bottles Ivor Montagu Elsa Lanchester, Joe Beckett United Kingdom Hybrid of experimental style and slapstick comedy[169][170]
Praha v zári svetel (Prague Shining in Lights) Svatopluk Innemann Czechoslovakia City Film[171]
L'Argent Marcel L'Herbier Brigitte Helm, Alfred Abel France Experimental, modernized treatment of Zola novel[172]
Celles qui s'en font Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music[173]
La chute de la maison Usher Jean Epstein Jean Debucourt, Marguerite Gance France Horror, highly stylized[174]
Disque 957 Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music[175][176]
L'Étoile de mer Man Ray Alice Prin France Surrealist film financed by Charles De Noailles; written by Paul Desnos
Les nuits électriques Eugene Deslaw France Semi-abtract art film of neon signs[177]
Le petite marchande d'alumettes Jean Renoir, Jean Tedesco Catherine Hessling, Eric Barclay France Fantasy short with surrealist elements[178][179]
The Seashell and the Clergyman Germaine Dulac Alex Allin, Genica Athanasiou France Surrealist dream film written by Antonin Artaud. Often dated to 1927, but premiered in Paris, February 9, 1928.[180]
Thèmes et Variations Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music[181][182]
Ghosts Before Breakfast Hans Richter Weimar Republic Dadaist fantasy[183]
Rennsymphonie Hans Richter Weimar Republic
Uberfall Erno Metzner Weimar Republic
Hände Stella Simon, Miklos Bandy Weimar Republic Stylized love story utilizing only hands; made in silent and sound versions[184][185]
Grotesken im Schnee Alex Strasser, Lotte Reiniger Weimar Republic Animated "grotesque" with sillouhettes[186]
Jûjiro Teinosuke Kinugasa Akiko Chihaya, Junosuke Bando Japan Expressionistic treatment of Samurai story[187]
De Brug Joris Ivens Netherlands
The Life and Death of 9413 - A Hollywood Extra Robert Florey, Slavko Vorkapich Jules Raucourt, George Voya United States Ultra low budget anti-Hollywood film[188][189][190]
The Love of Zero Robert Florey Anielka Etler, Captain Marco Etler United States [191][192]
Johann the Coffin Maker Robert Florey United States Horror short, Lost film[193]
The Last Moment Paul Fejos Otto Matieson, Lucille La Verne United States Independently-made, experimental feature; Lost film[194]
The Tell-Tale Heart Charles Klein Charles Darvas, Hans Fuerberg United States Horror short[195][196]
There It Is (film) Charles Bowers Charles Bowers, Kathryn McGuire United States Two reel comedy, absurd in the extreme[197]
Twenty-Four Dollar Island Robert J. Flaherty United States City film, variously dated to 1926, 1927. Premiered in NYC, January 1, 1928[198][199]
The Fall of the House of Usher James Sibley Watson, Melville Webber United States Short film
Koko's Earth Control Dave Fleischer, Max Fleischer Koko the Clown United States Animated cartoon with exceptional visual dynamism; flash frames [200]
Zvenigora Alexander Dovzhenko Mikola Nademsky, Semen Svashenko, Alexander Podorozhny Soviet Union Film poem with fantasy elements[201]
October, a.k.a. Ten Days That Shook the World Sergei Eisenstein Nikolay Popov, Vasily Nikandrov Soviet Union Contains Eisenstein's most radical uses of montage[202]
1929
Every Day Hans Richter Sergei Eisenstein, Basil Wright United Kingdom Artful semi-documentary about everyday life[203]
Drifters John Grierson United Kingdom Documentary with a distinctly modernist orientation[204][205]
Tusalava Len Lye New Zealand Abstract animation[206][207]
Histoire de détective Charles Dekeukeleire Pierre Bourgeois Belgium Semi-abstract film; despite the title, not a detective story[208]
The Pearl Henri D'Ursel Georges Hugnet, Kissa Kouprine, Renee Savoye, Mary Stutz Belgium Experimental narrative film.[209]
Un Chien Andalou Luis Buñuel Pierre Batcheff, Simone Mareuil France Short, surrealist film written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí[210]
Étude cinégraphique sur une arabesque Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music[211][212]
Les Mystères du Château de Dé Man Ray Man Ray, Georges Auric France Surrealist short funded by Charles De Noailles [213]
Brumes d'automne Dimitri Kirsanoff Nadia Sibirskaïa France Film poem, with synchronized music track[214][215]
Montparnasse Eugene Deslaw Luis Buñuel, Filippo Marinetti France City film, with synchronized sound[216]
My Grandmother Kote Mikaberidze Aleqsandre Takaishvili, Bella Chernova Georgia (country) Eccentric combination of avant-garde and social comedy[217]
Alles dreht sich, alles bewegt sich (Everything Turns, Everything Revolves) Hans Richter Weimar Republic Sound; music by Walter Gronostay. Only roughly half of this 15-minute experimental short still survives.[218]
The Storming of La Sarraz Hans Richter, Sergei Eisenstein, Ivor Montagu Béla Balász, Léon Moussinac Weimar Republic Made during a film conference; Lost film[219]
Studie Nr. 1 Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract Animation[220]
Impressionen vom alten Marseiller Hafen (Vieux Port) László Moholy-Nagy Weimar Republic City film[221]
Rain Joris Ivens, Mannus Franken Netherlands
Skyscraper Symphony Robert Florey United States City film[222][223]
H2O Ralph Steiner United States
War Under the Sea M.G. MacPherson, Jean Michelson United States Artkino production; Lost film[224]
The Bridge Charles Vidor Nicholas Bela, Charles Darvas United States Experimental narrative film based on Ambrose Bierce story; sometimes dated 1930-31[225]
Lullaby Boris Deutsch Riva Deutsch, Michael Visaroff United States Expressionist drama, likely incomplete; Horak dates it to 1925[226][227]
Man with a Movie Camera Dziga Vertov Soviet Union
The New Babylon Grigori Kozintsev, Leonid Trauberg David Gutman, Yelena Kuzmina Soviet Union Production of the Factory of the Eccentric Actor[228][229]

See also

References

  • Paul Rotha and Roger Manvell, "Movie Parade: A Pictorial Survey of the Cinema" London: The Studio, 1936
  • Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film" Princeton University Press, 1983 (originally published in 1960)
  • Parker Tyler, "Underground Film: A Critical History" New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (originally published in 1969)
  • David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" New York: Universe Books, 1970
  • P. Adams Sitney, "Visionary Film" New York: Oxford University Press, 1979
  • Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
  1. ^ A Nymph of the Waves
  2. ^ The Ghost Train
  3. ^ Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
  4. ^ imdb entry
  5. ^ Unseen Cinema DVD Notes http://unseen-cinema.com/
  6. ^ Scenic Hudson
  7. ^ MoMA Collection entry [1]
  8. ^ imdb entry
  9. ^ http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/252/see-the-film-ki_ri_ki_-_japanese_acrobats
  10. ^ Film: Ab Initio imdb entry
  11. ^ [2]
  12. ^ imdb entry
  13. ^ http://www.fandor.com/films/the_automatic_moving_company
  14. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [3]
  15. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [4]
  16. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [5]
  17. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [6]
  18. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [7]
  19. ^ Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde" [8]
  20. ^ Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique" [9]
  21. ^ Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde" [10]
  22. ^ Moma entry
  23. ^ Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
  24. ^ Bruce Checefsky's digital realization of 12 drawings
  25. ^ Nitrateville Thread, "The Drama in the Futurists Cabinet No. 13 (1914)" [11]
  26. ^ Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960 [12]
  27. ^ imdb entry
  28. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  29. ^ imdb entry
  30. ^ Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960 [13]
  31. ^ imdb entry
  32. ^ imdb entry
  33. ^ Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960 [14]
  34. ^ imdb entry
  35. ^ imdb entry
  36. ^ Silent Beauties
  37. ^ imdb entry
  38. ^ Thaïs
  39. ^ "Love Story of the Painter Balla and a Chair"
  40. ^ imdb entry
  41. ^ Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, "Wome Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary. Greenwood Press, Westport CT 1995, pg. 116 imdb entry
  42. ^ Sandy Flitterman-Lewis, "To Desire Differently: Feminism and the French Cinema. University of Illinois Press, Chicago, 1990
  43. ^ imdb entry
  44. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  45. ^ imdb entry
  46. ^ Pordenone screening
  47. ^ [15]
  48. ^ imdb entry
  49. ^ imdb entry
  50. ^ imdb entry
  51. ^ BFI clip
  52. ^ [imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0232643/combined]
  53. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  54. ^ imdb entry
  55. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  56. ^ Richard Abel, "French Cinema: The First Wave 1915-1929," Princeton University Press, 1984 [16]
  57. ^ imdb entry
  58. ^ imdb entry
  59. ^ Unseen Cinema: Viva la Dance
  60. ^ imdb entry
  61. ^ Paghat the Ratgirl, Review "Soul of the Cypress"
  62. ^ William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  63. ^ Susan Delson, "Dudley Murphy: Hollywood Wild Card" University of Minnesota Press, 2006
  64. ^ imdb entry
  65. ^ imdb entry
  66. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  67. ^ imdb entry
  68. ^ imdb entry
  69. ^ imdb entry
  70. ^ Manhatta
  71. ^ imdb entry
  72. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  73. ^ imdb entry
  74. ^ imdb entry
  75. ^ Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
  76. ^ imdb entry
  77. ^ William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950 University of California Press, 2005
  78. ^ BFI Screenonline
  79. ^ Films de France entry
  80. ^ imdb entry
  81. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  82. ^ imdb entry
  83. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  84. ^ imdb entry
  85. ^ David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  86. ^ imdb entry
  87. ^ Twisted Ladder essay
  88. ^ imdb entry
  89. ^ Brain Pickings Post
  90. ^ imdb entry
  91. ^ McGill essay
  92. ^ Jannon Stein, "Abstract Films from the 1920s: Making Rhythm Visible"
  93. ^ John Coulthart, "Alla Nazimova's Salome"
  94. ^ imdb entry
  95. ^ imdb entry
  96. ^ William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  97. ^ Phil Cavendish, "From 'Lost' to 'Found': The 'Rediscovery' of Sergei Eisenstein's Glumov's Diary and its avant-garde context." KinoKultura Issue 41, 2013 [17]
  98. ^ James Goodwin, Eisenstein, Cinema and History. University of Illinois Press, 1993
  99. ^ MOMA dadabase entry
  100. ^ Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
  101. ^ SUNY Notes
  102. ^ imdb entry
  103. ^ imdb entry
  104. ^ SFBG "Gleaming the Cubist"
  105. ^ The Devil's Manor: Au secours! 1923
  106. ^ imdb entry
  107. ^ BFI Films YouTube Channel
  108. ^ imdb entry
  109. ^ Vselovod Pudovkin -- "The Youth of Maxim," Izvestiya, December 17, 1934; reprinted in Ian Christie, Richard Taylor -- "The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents 1896-1939," Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon 2002, ppg. 339
  110. ^ Illusion of Movement, "Soviet Toys
  111. ^ First Light: Chomette
  112. ^ imdb entry
  113. ^ imdb entry
  114. ^ Digital Silents review
  115. ^ imdb entry
  116. ^ Ciné-club: Jean Cocteau
  117. ^ imdb entry
  118. ^ Fischinger filmography
  119. ^ Senses of Cinema: Hans Richter
  120. ^ imdb entry
  121. ^ imdb entry
  122. ^ Kino Lorber: Avant-Garde 2
  123. ^ imdb entry
  124. ^ Malte Hagener, "Moving Forward, Looking Back: The European Avant-Garde and the Invention of Film Culture, 1919-1999" Amsterdam University Press, 2007
  125. ^ imdb entry
  126. ^ imdb entry
  127. ^ Antti Alanen: Film Diary
  128. ^ Strange Flowers blog
  129. ^ imdb entry
  130. ^ DADA Companion entry
  131. ^ Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  132. ^ imdb entry
  133. ^ imdb entry
  134. ^ imdb entry
  135. ^ The Film Till Now: A Survey of World Cinema, with an additional section by Richard Griffith, revised and enlarged edition, (London: Vision, 1949)
  136. ^ imdb entry
  137. ^ imdb entry
  138. ^ First Light: Chomette
  139. ^ Marco Milone, "Hans Richter -- Filmstudie" on Experimental Cinema
  140. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  141. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  142. ^ [18]
  143. ^ Open Culture: A Page of Madness: The Lost, Avant Garde Masterpiece from the Early Days of Japanese Cinema (1926)[19]
  144. ^ imdb entry
  145. ^ Unseen Cinema program
  146. ^ imdb entry
  147. ^ imdb entry
  148. ^ Senses of Cinema, "La Glace à trois faces," http://sensesofcinema.com/2006/cteq/glace-a-trois-faces/
  149. ^ imdb entry
  150. ^ Sabzian, "Double Bill: L'invitation au voyage (Germaine Dulac, 1927) & Paris qui dort (René Clair, 1924)" [20]
  151. ^ imdb entry
  152. ^ imdb entry
  153. ^ imdb entry
  154. ^ imdb entry
  155. ^ Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  156. ^ [21]
  157. ^ [22]
  158. ^ [23]
  159. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  160. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  161. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  162. ^ Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
  163. ^ Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
  164. ^ Unseen Cinema program
  165. ^ Silent Era review, Unseen Cinema
  166. ^ The Jerome Foundation
  167. ^ imdb entry
  168. ^ imdb entry
  169. ^ BFI Screenonline
  170. ^ imdb entry
  171. ^ Bohemian National Hall program
  172. ^ imdb entry
  173. ^ imdb entry
  174. ^ imdb entry
  175. ^ imdb entry
  176. ^ Light Cone entry
  177. ^ [24]
  178. ^ imdb entry
  179. ^ The Art and Culture of the Movies blog
  180. ^ Maryann de Julio, "Another Look at Germaine Dulac’s The Seashell and the Clergyman." Senses of Cinema, December 2013 [25]
  181. ^ imdb entry
  182. ^ Light Cone entry
  183. ^ imdb entry
  184. ^ imdb entry
  185. ^ Unseen Cinema DVD notes
  186. ^ Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
  187. ^ [imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019043/combined]
  188. ^ imdb entry
  189. ^ Forgotten Classics of Yesteryear Page
  190. ^ Jan Christopher Horak, ed. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995
  191. ^ imdb entry
  192. ^ Unseen Cinema DVD notes
  193. ^ imdb entry
  194. ^ imdb entry
  195. ^ Jennifer Baldwin, "The Tell-Tale Lens"
  196. ^ imdb entry
  197. ^ imdb entry
  198. ^ imdb entry
  199. ^ Ferdy on Film
  200. ^ imdb entry
  201. ^ Wonders in the Dark blog
  202. ^ imdb entry
  203. ^ BFI Screenonline
  204. ^ BFI Screenonline
  205. ^ imdb entry
  206. ^ BFI Screenonline
  207. ^ imdb entry
  208. ^ imdb entry
  209. ^ [26]
  210. ^ imdb entry
  211. ^ imdb entry
  212. ^ Light Cone entry
  213. ^ imdb entry
  214. ^ Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  215. ^ imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0233385/combined
  216. ^ [27]
  217. ^ imdb entry
  218. ^ entry at lost-films.eu
  219. ^ imdb entry
  220. ^ Fischinger Filmography
  221. ^ imdb entry
  222. ^ imdb entry
  223. ^ DVD More Treasures from the American Film Arcbives
  224. ^ Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
  225. ^ imdb entry
  226. ^ imdb entry
  227. ^ William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  228. ^ imdb entry
  229. ^ *Vincent Canby (3 October 1983). "'New Babylon,' Silent Russian Classic". The New York Times.

External links

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