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State leaders in the 20th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC (4000–2001 BC).
Africa: Northeast
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Hsekiu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Khayu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Tiu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Thesh
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Neheb
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Wazner
Pharaoh
—
Around 3100 BC?
Sovereign
Mekh
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Type
Name
Title
Royal House
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Scorpion I
Pharaoh
—
Around 3200 BC?
Sovereign
Iry-Hor
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Ka
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Scorpion
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Narmer
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Narmer
Pharaoh
First dynasty
3150 BC?
3125 BC?
[ 1]
Sovereign
Hor-Aha
Pharaoh
First dynasty
Around 3050 BC?
Sovereign
Djer
Pharaoh
First dynasty
41–54 years
Sovereign
Djet
Pharaoh
First dynasty
10–23 years
Sovereign
Merneith
Regent
First dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Den
Pharaoh
First dynasty
14–42 years
Sovereign
Anedjib
Pharaoh
First dynasty
8–10 years
Sovereign
Semerkhet
Pharaoh
First dynasty
8.5–9 years
Sovereign
Qa'a
Pharaoh
First dynasty
2916 BC?
2890 BC?
[ 2]
Sovereign
Hotepsekhemwy
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
2890 BC?
2853 BC?
[ 2]
Sovereign
Raneb
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
10–39 years
Sovereign
Nynetjer
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
40–45 years
Sovereign
Weneg
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
8 years
Sovereign
Senedj
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
20 years
Sovereign
Seth-Peribsen
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
17 years
Sovereign
Sekhemib-Perenmaat
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Khasekhemwy
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
17–18 years
2686 BC?
Sovereign
Sanakht
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2686 BC
2668 BC
Sovereign
Djoser
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2668 BC
2649 BC
[ 3] [ 4]
Sovereign
Sekhemkhet
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2649 BC
2643 BC
[ 5]
Sovereign
Khaba
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2643 BC
2637 BC
Sovereign
Huni
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2637 BC
2613 BC
[ 6]
Sovereign
Sneferu
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2613 BC
2589 BC
Sovereign
Khufu
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2589 BC
2566 BC
Sovereign
Djedefre
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2566 BC
2558 BC
Sovereign
Khafra
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2558 BC
2532 BC
Sovereign
Menkaure
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2532 BC
2503 BC
Sovereign
Shepseskaf
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2503 BC
2498 BC
Sovereign
Userkaf
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2498 BC or 2494 BC
2491 BC or 2487 BC
Sovereign
Sahure
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2490 BC or 2487 BC
2477 BC or 2475 BC
Sovereign
Neferirkare Kakai
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2477 BC or 2475 BC
2467 BC or 2455 BC
Sovereign
Neferefre
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2460 BC
2458 BC or 2425 BC
Sovereign
Shepseskare
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2467 BC or 2455 BC
2460 BC or 2448 BC
Sovereign
Nyuserre Ini
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2445 BC or 2425 BC
2422 BC or 2421 BC
Sovereign
Menkauhor Kaiu
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2422 BC or 2421 BC
2414 BC
Sovereign
Djedkare Isesi
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2414 BC
2375 BC
Sovereign
Unas
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2375 BC
2375 BC
Sovereign
Teti
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2345 BC
2333 BC
Sovereign
Userkare
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2333 BC
2332 BC
Sovereign
Pepi I Meryre
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2332 BC
2283 BC
Sovereign
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2283 BC
2278 BC
Sovereign
Pepi II Neferkare
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2278 BC
2184 BC
Sovereign
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2184 BC
[ 7]
Sovereign
Neitiqerty Siptah
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2184 BC
2181 B
Asia: West
Kings who Lived in Tents
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Tudiya
King
—
23rd century BC?
Sovereign
Adamu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yangi
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Suhlamu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Harharu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Mandaru
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Imsu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Harsu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Didanu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hanu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Zuabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Nuabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Abazu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Belu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Azara
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ushpia
King
—
Around 2030 BC?
Sovereign
Apiashal
King
—
?
?
Kings whose Fathers Are Known
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Apiashal
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hale
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Samani
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hayani
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ilu-Mer
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yakmesi
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yakmeni
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yazkur-el
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ila-kabkabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Aminu
King
—
?
?
Kings whose Eponyms Are not Known
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Sulili
King
—
21st century BC?
Sovereign
Kikkiya
King
—
21st century BC?
Sovereign
Akiya
King
—
21st century BC or early 20th century BC?
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Humbaba
?
—
Around 2700 BC
Around 2680 BC
Sovereign
Humban-Shutur
?
—
?
?
Sovereign
The unnamed king of Awan
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2580 BC
?
Sovereign
...Lu
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Kur-Ishshak
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
Around 2550 BC
Sovereign
Peli
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2500 BC
?
Sovereign
Tata I
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Ukku-Tanhish
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hishutash
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Shushun-Tarana
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Napi-Ilhush
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Kikku-Siwe-Temti
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hishep-Ratep I
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Luh-Ishshan
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
Around 2325 BC
Sovereign
Hishep-Ratep II
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2325 BC
?
Sovereign
Emahsini
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2315 BC
2311 BC
Sovereign
Helu
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hita
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2270 BC
Sovereign
Kutik-Inshushinak
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2100 BC
Sovereign
The unnamed king of Simashki
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
Around 2100 BC
Sovereign
Gir-Namme I
King of Smiashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Tazitta I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2040 BC
Around 2037 BC
Sovereign
Eparti I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
Around 2033 BC
Sovereign
Gir-Namme II
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2033 BC
?
Sovereign
Tazitta II
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Lurak-Luhhan
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2028 BC
2022 BC
Sovereign
Hutran-Temti
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Indattu-Inshushinak I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
2016 BC
Sovereign
Kindattu
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Before 2006 BC
After 2005 BC
References
^ Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe. A History of Ancient Egypt . Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell, 1992, p. 389, ISBN 978-0-631-17472-1 .
^ a b Bard, Kathryn A. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt . London; New York: Routledge, 1999, p. 27, ISBN 978-0-415-18589-9 .
^ Toby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp.83 & 95
^ Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp.79 & 258
^ Clayton (1994) p.32
^ Clayton (1994) p.42
^ Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.73
Literature
Clayton, Peter A. (1995). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt . The Chronicles Series (Reprinted ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05074-3 .
Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt . Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3
4th–3rd mill. BC 2nd millennium BC 1st millennium BC 1st millennium 2nd millennium 3rd millennium