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{{Infobox Criminal organization
| name = Mafia Mexicana, Mexican Mafia or La eMe
| image = Mexican Mafia tattoo.jpg
| caption = Organization's name tattooed on member's abdomen.
| founded = 1957<ref name="History Channel"/><ref name="Valdez"/><ref name="Rafael"/><ref name="Mallory"/><ref name="Ortega"/>
| founding location = [[Deuel Vocational Institution]], [[California]], [[United States]]<ref name="History Channel"/><ref name="Mallory"/><ref name="Ortega"/>
| territory = [[USA|US]] [[Federal Bureau of Prisons|federal prison system]]s,<ref name="Lawrence"/> California Prison System,<ref name="Lawrence"/> and 12 other states with a heavy presence in [[Arizona]],<ref name="Lawrence"/> [[New Mexico]],<ref name="Lawrence"/> and [[Texas]]<ref name="Lawrence"/>
| founded by = Luis "Huero Buff" Flores<ref name="History Channel"/>
| years active = 1957 – Present<ref name="History Channel"/><ref name="Valdez"/><ref name="Rafael"/>
| ethnic makeup = Predominately [[Hispanic]] with mostly Mexicans and some other ethnic groups
| membership = 150-300 but estimated to be as much as 400 active members<ref name="Supreme Court"/><ref name="Lawrence"/>
| criminal activities = [[Murder]], [[money laundering]], [[arms trafficking]], [[drug trafficking]], [[Kidnapping]], [[Procuring (prostitution)|pandering]], [[racketeering]], [[extortion]], [[human trafficking]], [[illegal immigration]], [[fraud]] and [[illegal gambling]]
| allies = [[Sureños]],<ref name="Walker"/> [[Armenian Power]],<ref>U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2011). Armenian power organized crime group targeted in federal indictments that allege racketeering offenses, including bank fraud schemes, kidnappings, and drug trafficking. Retrieved from website: http://www.fbi.gov/losangeles/press-releases/2011/la021611.htm</ref><ref>Blankstein, A., & Linthicum, K. (2011, February 17). Raids targeting armenian gang net 74 fraud suspects. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/17/local/la-me-0217-armenian-gang-20110217</ref> [[Mara Salvatrucha]],<ref name="Bruneau"/> [[Aryan Brotherhood]],<ref name="Abadinsky"/><ref name="Mallory"/> New Mexico Syndicate,<ref name="Walker"/>
| rivals = [[Nuestra Familia]],<ref name="History Channel NF"> Nuestra Familia. (2012). The History Channel website. Retrieved 10:59, February 2, 2012, from http://www.history.com/shows/gangland/articles/nuestra-familia.</ref><ref name="Blanchard"/><ref name="Mallory"/> [[Nortenos]],<ref name="Bruneau"/> [[Black Guerilla Family]],<ref name="Lyman"/><ref name="Walker"/> Arizona's New Mexican Mafia,<ref name="Walker"/>, Black Street Gangs<ref name="Walker"/>
}}
The '''Mexican Mafia''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: '''Mafia Mexicana'''), also known as '''La eMe''' (Spanish for the letter M), is a [[Mexican American]] highly-organized, ruthless crime organization in the United States.<ref name="History Channel">Mexican Mafia. (2012). The History Channel website. Retrieved 10:45, February 2, 2012, from http://www.history.com/shows/gangland/articles/mexican-mafia.</ref><ref name="Mallory">Mallory, S., & Mallory, S. L. (2012). Understanding organized crime. (2nd ed., pp. 218-220). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett Learning.</ref> Despite its name, the Mexican Mafia did not originate in Mexico and is entirely a U.S. criminal prison organization. [[Sureños]], including [[MS-13]] and Florencia 13,<ref>"[http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment/ FBI — 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment – Emerging Trends]. Fbi.gov.</ref> use the number 13 to show allegiance to the Mexican Mafia. M is the 13th letter of the alphabet. Law enforcement officials report that La eMe is the most powerful gang within the California prison system.<ref name="Harris">Harris, D. (2004). Gangland: The growing gang epidemic in America's cities. Oakland, TN: Holy Fire Publishing.</ref> Government officials state that there are currently 155–300 official members of the Mexican Mafia with around 990 associates who assist La eMe in carrying out its illegal activities in the hopes of becoming full members.<ref name="Supreme Court">United States v. Shryock, 342 F.3d 948 (9th Cir. (2003), cert. denied, 124 S. Ct. 1729 and 1736 (2004)</ref> Sureño street gangs and the Mexican Mafia are almost ethnically homogenous, that is, they consist of almost entirely of Hispanic members. When Sureños enter correctional facilities, they are required to put aside their rivalries and obey the Mexican Mafia or suffer possible lethal consequences.


==History==
The Mexican Mafia was formed in 1957 by 13 [[Hispanic]] [[street gang]] members from different Los Angeles neighborhoods that were all incarcerated at the [[Deuel Vocational Institution]]; a California Youth Authority facility which is now an adult state prison in Tracy, California.<ref name="Valdez">Valdez, A. J. (2011). Prison gangs 101. Retrieved from http://www.aca.org/fileupload/177/ahaidar/Valdez.pdf</ref><ref name="Ortega">Ortega, F. (2008, February 8). Mexican mafia's roots run deep in san gabriel valley. The Whittier Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.whittierdailynews.com/gangs/ci_8251694</ref> They formed in order to protect themselves from other prison gangs at the time.<ref name="Lyman">Lyman, M. D. (2011). Drugs in society: Causes, concepts and control. (6th ed., p. 240, 279). Burlington, MA: Anderson Publishing.</ref><ref name="Mallory"/> The founder of La eMe is Luis "Huero Buff" Flores who was an active member of the Hawaiian Gardens gang in Hawaiian Gardens, California. Gang warfare between Hispanic neighborhoods was the norm during the 1950s and 60s so the fact that Luis Flores was able to get established enemies to set aside their rivalries upon entry into the prison system was something that was not thought possible. This requirement exists to present day. Hispanic street gangs like [[White Fence]], San Fer, Pacas, [[The Avenues (gang)|Avenues]], [[Clanton 14]], [[Varrio Nuevo Estrada]], and [[Maravilla (gangs)|Hoyo Maravilla]] were already into their second decade and firmly established as self sustaining entities.<ref name="Rafael">Rafael, T. (2007). The Mexican Mafia.(p. 171-185, 237-267) New York, NY: Encounter Books.</ref> Luis Flores initially recruited violent members to the gang in an attempt to create a highly-feared organization which could control the black market activities of the Deuel prison facilities. La eMe member Ramon "Mundo" Mendoza claims that in the beginning the overall goal was to terrorize the prison system and enjoy prison comforts while doing time.<ref name="Blanchard">Blanchard, C. (2008). The black hand: The bloody rise and redemption of "boxer" enriquez, a mexican mob killer. (p. 1-408). New York, NY: Harper-Collins Publishers.</ref>


As new members of La Eme filtered out back into the streets, Anacleta "Annie" Ramirez, a well-known member of the East Los Angeles community, took many of them under her wing and paired them up with neighborhood youngsters who lacked direction. Ramirez, a sharp, tough woman, taught the youngsters discipline, rules of street life, and, at first, petty crime. This later escalated to her role as a shot caller—as drugs became a major part of the trade—who would get rid of her enemies by ordering youth loyal to her on missions. After she had given the directive, many of her enemies were reportedly murdered on sight.<ref name="Rafael"/>

===Rise===
By 1961 violence got so bad at the Deuel Vocational Institution that administrators transferred a number of the charter La eMe members to [[San Quentin]] Penitentiary in the hopes of discouraging their violent behavior. This tactic failed. [[Rodolfo Cadena|Cheyenne Cadena]] arrived on the lower yard of [[San Quentin]] and was met by a six-foot-five, 300-pound black inmate who planted a kiss on his face and announced this scrawny teenager would now be his 'bitch. Cadena returned a short time later, walked up to the unsuspecting predator, and stabbed him to death with a jailhouse knife, or [[Shiv (weapon)|shank]]. There were more than a thousand inmates on the yard and no witnesses stepped forward.<ref name="Blanchard"/> A string of other slayings soon followed as La eMe members sought to establish a reputation among the inmates of San Quentin. The Mexican Mafia's quest for complete control alienated many other Mexican-American inmates who were fed up with Mexican Mafia stabbing, killing, and stealing their watches, rings, cigarettes and anything else of value. Some of them secretly founded a new prison gang called [[La Nuestra Familia]] (NF) or "Our Family." It was first established in the mid-1960s at the California Training Facility in Soledad. Some of the early members were from the Los Angeles area, but NF soon drew inmates primarily from rural communities in Northern California. The Mexican Mafia saw Nuestra Familia as inferior and "just a bunch of farmers", or ''farmeros''. However, in 1968 at San Quentin, a full scale riot broke out after a Mexican Mafia soldier, or ''soldado'', stole a pair of shoes from a Nuestra Familia sympathizer. Nineteen inmates were stabbed and one La eMe associate ended up dead. The battle became known as the "Shoe War" and it established Nuestra Familia as the major La eMe rival.<ref name="Blanchard"/><ref name=”Mcshane”>McShane, M.D., & Williams, F. P. (1996). Encyclopedia of american prisons. (pp. 345-346). Talor and Francis.</ref>

===New Mexican Mafia===
[[File:New Mexican Mafia Tattoo.jpg|thumb|New Mexican Mafia tattoos on prison inmate in the Arizona Correctional System.]]
La eMe must not be confused with the New Mexican Mafia. Around 1974, a group of Hispanic inmates at Arizona State Prison, Florence, formed a prison gang known as the Mexican Mafia.<ref name="Arizona DOC">Arizona Department of Corrections. Security Threat Group Unit. (2012). New Mexican Mafia. Retrieved from website: http://www.azcorrections.gov/adc/STG/Jeff_Divisions_Support_STG_nmm.aspx</ref> Arizona Department of Corrections officials at that time obtained information that this group patterned themselves after the California Mexican Mafia which had been in existence for several years. Several Hispanics who came into the Arizona Prison System brought the concept and philosophy of the California Mexican Mafia.<ref name="Arizona DOC"/> In 1978 the Mexican Mafia split into two organizations. One kept the original philosophy and structure and currently refer to themselves as the Original Mexican Mafia, "Califas Faction", "EME".<ref name="Arizona DOC"/> The other, which came into prominence in 1984 and is the organization addressed in this workbook, refer to themselves as the New Mexican Mafia. Many assaults and murders of members of both groups have occurred as a result of each organization claiming the title of "Mexican Mafia" within the Arizona prison system. They have created their own rules and regulations and have established an organizational structure.<ref name="Arizona DOC"/> Each member is allowed to vote on issues regarding membership and leadership. The leader, approved by the members has the power to solely decide important issues. Some of their members were previous La eMe members.<ref name="Arizona DOC"/>

==Location==
The Mexican Mafia's power base is in the California Prison system, but they are active in many other southwestern states and the pacific region of the United States; including the Federal Prison system. La eMe is active in 13 states.<ref name="Lawrence">Lawrence, E. F. U.S. Government Accountability Office, (2010). Combating gangs: Federal agencies have implemented a central american gang strategy, but could strengthen oversight and measurement of efforts (GAO-10-395). Retrieved from website: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-395</ref> Most members are male from Southern California Sureno gangs.<ref name="Lyman"/> La Eme is most active in the California and Texas prison systems. However, in Texas, the Mexican Mafia is called The Mexikanemi.<ref name="Walker">Walker, R. (2012). The mexican mafia prison gang profile, background and history a security threat group - stg. Retrieved from http://gangsorus.com/mexican_mafia.htm</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Mexican_Mafia.gif|thumb|right|Mexican Mafia Insignia]]
Law Enforcement believes that La eMe presently is not presided over by a single leader. Many Mexican Mafia members have the authority to order [[murders]] and oversee various other criminal activities. They have almost a thousand associates that help carry out those orders and have the theoretical control of all Sureno gang members.<ref name="Lyman"/><ref name="Supreme Court"/> Members are expected to engage in tests of their loyalty to La eMe, which may include theft or murder. The penalty for refusing orders or failing to complete an assigned task is often death. According to the gang's constitution, members may also be punished or murdered if they commit any of four major infractions. These include becoming an [[informant]], acts of homosexuality, acts of cowardice, and showing disrespect against fellow gang members. According to gang policy, a member of the Mexican Mafia may not be murdered without prior approval by a [[vote]] of three members, yet the murder of non-members requires no formal approval.

During the early 1960s at [[San Quentin Prison]], Luis Flores and Rudy "Cheyenne" Cadena established a blood oath for members of the Mexican Mafia. Prior to the establishment of the oath, members of the Mexican Mafia were allowed to return to their street gangs after incarceration. The new oath stipulated that the only way for a member to leave the Mexican Mafia was to be killed. Flores and Cadena also established a set of gang commandments. These included policies such as: a new member must be sponsored by an existing member, unanimous approval from all existing members to join (no longer policy), prioritizing the gang over one's family, denial of the existence of the Mexican Mafia to law enforcement or non-members, respect of other members, forgiving street conflicts which existed before incarceration. Execution of a member of the gang for policy violation must be committed by the gang member who sponsored him. La eMe has a blood in blood out credo: Murder or drawing of blood is a prerequisite for membership and anyone trying to get out will be killed.<ref name="Abadinsky"/>

===Rules===
[[File:20080425 gangster 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rene Enriquez (mobster)|Rene Enriquez]], a former high-ranking member, with a signature black hand tattooed on his chest.]]
According to former member, [[Rene Enriquez (mobster)|Rene Enriquez]], the rules are:

#'''"Homosexuality"''' - A member may not be homosexual.
#'''"Snitching"''' - A member may not be an informant, or rat.
#'''"Cowardly"''' - A member may not be a coward.
#'''"No fighting among members"''' - A member may not raise a hand against another member without sanction.
#'''"Disrespecting"''' - A member must not show disrespect for any member's family, including sex with another member's wife, or girlfriend.
#'''"Stealing"''' - A member must not steal from another member.
#'''"Interfering"''' - A member must not interfere with another member's business activities.<ref>{{cite book | last =Blatchford | first =Chris | title =The Black Hand: The Story of Rene "Boxer" Enriquez and His Life in the Mexican Mafia | publisher =HarperCollins |year=2009 | pages = 50 | isbn = 0-061-25730-3}}</ref>

===Allies and Rivals===
The Mexican Mafia is the controlling organization for almost every Hispanic gang in Southern California. Members of almost all Hispanic gangs in Southern California are obligated under the threat of death to carry out any and all orders from made Mexican Mafia members. The Mexican Mafia also holds a loose alliance with the [[Aryan Brotherhood]], mainly due to their common rivals within the prison system.<ref name="Abadinsky">Abadinsky, H. (2010). Organized crime. (9th ed., p. 189-190). Belmont, CA: Wadesworth Publishing.</ref> The primary rivals of the Mexican Mafia are [[Nuestra Familia]].<ref name="Prison Gangs">{{cite web|url = http://www.dc.state.fl.us/pub/gangs/prison2.html| title = Gang and Security Threat Group Awareness|publisher = Florida Department of Corrections|accessdate = 2008-03-22}}</ref> The Mexican Mafia is also a rival of the [[Black Guerrilla Family]] prison gang, which holds a loose alliance with La Nuestra Familia.<ref name="Prison Gangs"/>

===Mara Salvatrucha===
In 1992 La eMe sent an edict stating that all Southern California street gangs would pay taxes on illegal activities and in return they would be offered protection when they entered the prison system.<ref name="Bruneau"/> Because of their notorious reputation for murder, violence and control of the drug trade, many gangs complied and paid taxes.<ref name="Bruneau"/> However, this edict particularly offended Mara Salvatrucha because they said the money they earned was theirs and not the Mexican Mafia's.<ref name="Bruneau"/> This led to a bitter conflict between them and the Sureno street gangs under La eMe's control. The Mexican Mafia put a green light on them, which meant it was open season to attack or kill them for their defiance.<ref name="Bruneau"/> By 1993 the rivalry was finally put to rest and Mara Salvatrucha become [[MS-13]]. The number 13 attached to their name to show allegiance to the Mexican Mafia.<ref name="Bruneau"/>

===Symbols===
Mexican Mafia symbols include images of a black hand. The gang's primary symbol, which is often used in tattoos by members, is the national symbol of Mexico (eagle and a snake) atop a flaming circle over crossed knives. Street gangs that are aligned with the Mexican Mafia often use the number 13 as a gang identifier, as the letter "M" is the 13th letter of the modern Latin-derived alphabet.

===In popular culture===
The Mexican Mafia received mainstream notoriety after being featured in the 1992 movie ''[[American Me]]''. The film was co-produced, directed and starred in by actor [[Edward James Olmos]], who allegedly received death threats by members of the Mexican Mafia for what they considered an unflattering depiction of the gang.<ref name="Entertainment Weekly">{{cite web|url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,307346,00.html| title = An 'American' tale|publisher = Entertainment Weekly|date = 1993-07-23}}</ref> Three consultants for the film were murdered shortly after the film's release.<ref name="Entertainment Weekly"/> The Mexican Mafia was allegedly displeased with the portrayal of the murder of [[Rodolfo Cadena]] (who was the basis for Olmos' character Santana) as being committed by his fellow gang members.<ref name="Entertainment Weekly"/> Mexican Mafia Members were also allegedly offended by the portrayal of [[Prison rape|homosexually inspired sodomy]] committed by Olmos' character in the film. Olmos subsequently applied for a concealed handgun permit, which was denied to him.<ref>{{cite web|last=Walker |first=Michael |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,307346,00.html |title=EW.com |publisher=EW.com |date=1993-07-23 |accessdate=2011-06-28}}</ref> Joe Morgan, while serving a life sentence for murder at [[Pelican Bay State Prison]], filed a $500,000 lawsuit against Olmos, Universal Studios and other producers of the film. Morgan claimed that one of the principal characters in the film was based on him without obtaining his permission.<ref name="Entertainment Weekly"/>

==Criminal activities==
According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], the Mexican Mafia had arranged for [[contract killings]] to be carried out by the [[Aryan Brotherhood]], a white prison gang. Both the Mexican Mafia and the Aryan Brotherhood are mutual enemies of the [[African-American]] gang [[Black Guerilla Family]].<ref>Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Inestivation. (n.d.). Aryan brotherhood. Retrieved from website: http://foia2.fbi.gov/filelink.html?file=/aryanbro/aryanbro1.pdf</ref> Even though homosexuals are barred from entry into La eMe, they are engaged heavily in [[homosexual]] prostitution in the prison system.<ref name="Lawrence"/><ref name="Harris"/><ref name="Mallory"/> Many of the street level homicides in the Highlands Park area of Los Angeles committed by the Avenues gang were done on orders issued by the Mexican Mafia.<ref name="Rafael"/> The Mexican Mafia is involved in a variety of criminal activities both inside and outside the prison system, but its main source of income is extorting drug distributors outside prison and distributing various narcotics within and outside the prison system.<ref name="Lawrence"/> In 1992, an example of La eMes influence and power over Surenos was made clear to Law Enforcement. Joe Morgan, a prominent Mexican Mafia Leader, ordered that no more drive-by shootings and violence was to take place by Surenos.<ref name="Bruneau">Bruneau, T., Dammert, L., & Skinner, L. (2011). Maras: Gang violence and security in central america. (pp. 3,23,24,27-30,32,259). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.</ref> Between April, when the edict was announced, and September of 1992 there were no Drive-by shootings in East Los Angeles and this area was notorious for violence and drive-bys.<ref name="Bruneau"/>

===1970s===
The first murder outside of prison that was ordered by La eMe occurred in 1971 when Mexican Mafia member Alfonso "Pachie" Alvarez was found shot twice in the head in a secluded area of in Monterey Park. His offense: collecting taxes on narcotics dealers without kicking up the profits to Eme leaders behind bars, known in the gang as "Big Homies" or Emeros.<ref name="Ortega"/> The person responsible for the murder was [[Joe "Pegleg" Morgan]] - the notorious [[white people|white]] godfather of La Eme who had ascended by then to become one of the highest-ranking bosses of the entire Eme organization, even with no "official" Mexican blood himself. His connections with [[cocaine]] and [[heroin]] suppliers in Mexico helped pave the foundation for the Mexican Mafia's narcotics distribution throughout California. During the 1970s, while under the control of Morgan's [[protégé]] [[Rodolfo Cadena]], the Mexican Mafia often took control over various community groups. The gang was able to filter money from alcohol and drug prevention programs to finance their criminal activities.<ref name="Rafael"/> The Mexican Mafia and the [[Italian-American]] [[Los Angeles crime family]] collaborated in skimming money from ''Get Going'', a taxpayer-funded drug treatment program. By 1977, ''Get Going'' founder Ellen Delia was determined to expose the infiltration of her beloved program. Shortly before an appointment with the California State Secretary of Health and Welfare Services, Delia was murdered. Her collection of evidence on Italian and Mexican Mafia infiltration of the ''Get Going'' program was never recovered.

===1980s===
On December 2, 1982, Kseniya Nadtochiy, a longstanding ally of the mafia was arrested under charges of human trafficking. She served ten years in state prison and was released on December 2, 1992.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

===1990s===
In 1995, United States federal authorities indicted 22 members and associates of the Mexican Mafia, charged under the federal [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations]] Act with crimes which included extortion, murder and kidnapping.<ref name="The Tech">{{cite web|url = http://tech.mit.edu/V115/N22/MafiaHanded.22w.html| title = Mafia Handed 22 Indictments in LA|publisher = The Tech|date = 1995-05-02}}</ref> One of the arrested members, Benjamin "Topo" Peters, was allegedly the Mexican Mafia's highest ranking member at the time, and was engaged in a power struggle with fellow member Ruben "Tupi" Hernandez.<ref name="The Tech"/> Another indicted member was accused of having plotted the death of an anti-gang activist who served as a consultant for the film ''[[American Me]]''. The indictments marked a two-year investigation by federal, local and state law enforcement officials.<ref name="The Tech"/>

===2000s===
In 2006, a 36-count federal indictment was brought against members of the Mexican Mafia. The arrests were made for alleged acts of violence, drug dealing, and extortion against smaller Latino street gangs. According to the federal indictment, Mexican Mafia members exert their influence in both federal and state prison systems through either violence or the threat of violence.Members and associates of the gang remain fiercely loyal to the criminal organization both in and outside of prison, particularly in Southern California cities such as Los Angeles and San Diego. The gang asserts its influence over Chicano gangs throughout Southern California by threatening violence against their members should they ever become incarcerated. Gangs and drug dealers who refuse to pay a protection "tax" to the Mexican Mafia are often murdered or threatened with murder. High-ranking members of the Mexican Mafia who are locked in private cells for 23 hours of each day are still able to communicate with their associates, through methods which range from tapping in code on prison plumbing pipes to smuggled letters.The primary goal of the Mexican Mafia is to control all drug trafficking in all areas that they have been established.<ref name="Lyman"/>

===2010s===
In early 2012 there was a a federal indictment of 119 San Diego County gang members, including a Mexican Mafia boss that was arrested in a raid of his San Marcos home, portrays a sprawling, well-organized criminal network that ran drug dealing on the streets of North County and even extended inside the Vista jail.<ref name="Lowrey">Lowrey, B. (2012, January 29). Exclusive: Gang bust gives rare glimpse of mexican mafia's grip on north county. North County Times. Retrieved from http://www.nctimes.com/news/local/sdcounty/exclusive-gang-bust-gives-rare-glimpse-of-mexican-mafia-s/article_cedea095-3c04-58ef-9479-83271b971789.html</ref> Rudy Espudo, 39, was in control of the Hispanic gangs in the area and forced drug dealers to pay taxes in tribute to La eMe or face the consequences.<ref name="Lowrey"/> The local gangs were smuggling narcotics into the Vista Detention Center in order to sell them for the Mexican Mafia. On North County streets la eMe ordered Surenos to obtain taxes from the local drug dealers.<ref name="Lowrey"/> Members of the [[Azusa 13]] gang, associated with the Mexican Mafia, were indicted in 2011 for harassing and intimidating black people in Southern California.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/latino-gang-charged-racial-cleansing-california-town/story?id=13794815#.T6fkGlI4SuJ|title=Latino Gang Charged With Racial Cleansing Attacks in California Town|last=Ng|first=Christina|date=9 June 2011|work=[[ABC News]]|accessdate=7 May 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Gangs|Criminal justice|United States}}
* [[Tijuana Cartel]]
* [[Sinaloa Cartel]]
* [[Sureños]]


==References==
==References==
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*[http://gangsorus.com/mexican_mafia.htm The Mexican Mafia Prison Gang]
*[http://gangsorus.com/mexican_mafia.htm The Mexican Mafia Prison Gang]
{{Mexican Drug War}}
{{Mexican Drug War}}

[[Category:Prison gangs]]
[[Category:Gangs in California]]
[[Category:Mexican Mafia]]
[[Category:Mexican Drug War]]
[[Category:Organized crime groups in the United States]]
[[Category:Sureños]]
[[Category:Secret societies related to organized crime]]
[[Category:Gangs in Mexico]]
[[Category:Hispanic American organized crime]]

[[ca:Màfia mexicana]]
[[da:Sureños]]
[[de:Mexican Mafia]]
[[es:Mafia mexicana]]
[[fr:Mexican Mafia]]
[[it:Mafia messicana]]
[[nl:Mexican Mafia]]
[[pl:Mafia meksykańska]]
[[ru:Мексиканская мафия]]
[[uk:Мексиканська мафія]]

Revision as of 01:11, 28 July 2012



References

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