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Nalchik

Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617
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For other uses of "Nalchik", see "Nalchik" (disambiguation).
Nalchik
Нальчик
City
Other transcription(s)
 • KabardianНалщӏэч
 • BalkarНальчик
Nalchik
Nalchik
Flag of Nalchik
Flag
Coat of arms of Nalchik
Coat of arms
Location of Nalchik
Map
Nalchik is located in Russia
Nalchik
Nalchik
Location of Nalchik
Nalchik is located in Kabardino-Balkaria
Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria)
Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617
CountryRussia
Federal subjectKabardino-Balkaria
Founded1724
City status since1921
Government
 • BodyCity Council[1]
 • Head[2]Zalimgeri Khagasov[2]
Area
[3]
 • Total67 km2 (26 sq mi)
Elevation
512 m (1,680 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • Total240,203
 • Estimate 
(2018)[5]
239,300 (−0.4%)
 • Rank78th in 2010
 • Density2,234.3/km2 (5,787/sq mi)
 • Subordinated tocity of republic significance of Nalchik[6]
 • Capital ofKabardino-Balkar Republic
 • Capital ofcity of republic significance of Nalchik[6]
 • Urban okrugNalchik Urban Okrug[7]
 • Capital ofNalchik Urban Okrug[7]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[8])
Postal code(s)[9]
360000, 360005, 360032, 360901, 360903, 360904
Dialing code(s)+7 8662[10]
OKTMO ID83701000001
City DaySeptember 1[11]
Websitena.adm-kbr.ru
Sosruko tower in Nalchik.
Nalchik Springs.

Nalchik (Russian: Нальчик, IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: Налщӏэч /naːɮɕʼakʲ/; Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.[13] It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population was 240,203 (2010 Russian census);[4] 274,974 (2002 Census);[14] 234,547 (1989 Soviet census).[15]

History

The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Slabada. It was inhabited by native Kabardians, Balkars, Chechens, Adeki, and Cherkese until around 1743: groups occasionally clashed over and dispute their claims to the land. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there together with settling Mountain Jews in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. With the founding of the city of Nalchik, the disputes among the native groups calmed and life improved for the people in the region.

In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast.

The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of na'l, a common Middle Eastern word (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) for "horseshoe", possibly from the ancient Scythian, 'nalak" (horseshoe). The city of Nalchik was named this way because of how it is shaped as surrounded by the mountains of the land, and the river Nalchik is named after the city it runs across.

During World War II, Nalchik was occupied by Nazi Germany and Romania[16] between October 28, 1942, and January 3, 1943. The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. Nalchik's Jewish population, mostly Mountain Jews, suffered brutal beatings and tremendous harm at the hands of the Romanians under Nazi orders. However, the Jewish People of Nalchik were able to survive the invasion because they were able to, somewhat, blend in with their neighbors.[17]

Nalchik was chosen the "second cleanest city of Russia" in 2003.

On October 13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 115. Thirty-five policemen were killed in the fighting and eighty-nine militants, including prominent leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed while another fifty-nine were arrested.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[6] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[7]

Ethnic groups

The population of the city includes (2006 data):[citation needed]

2002 Census data:[18]

Economy and education

Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).

Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:

Climate

According to weatherspark.com: Nalchik has a humid continental climate with hot summers and no dry season. The warm season lasts from late May to mid-September and the cold season from December to March. Most forms of precipitation are light rain and thunderstorms, as well as, light snow and moderate snow. Wind speeds are typically calm to a light breeze through the year.

Climate data for Nalchik
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0
(32) 		1
(34) 		7
(45) 		16
(61) 		21
(70) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		22
(72) 		15
(59) 		8
(46) 		3
(37) 		15
(59)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3
(27) 		−2
(28) 		3
(37) 		11
(52) 		16
(61) 		20
(68) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		17
(63) 		10
(50) 		5
(41) 		0
(32) 		10
(50)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7
(19) 		−6
(21) 		−1
(30) 		5
(41) 		11
(52) 		14
(57) 		17
(63) 		16
(61) 		12
(54) 		5
(41) 		1
(34) 		−4
(25) 		5
(41)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 22
(0.9) 		23
(0.9) 		38
(1.5) 		63
(2.5) 		99
(3.9) 		100
(3.9) 		72
(2.8) 		61
(2.4) 		55
(2.2) 		43
(1.7) 		29
(1.1) 		26
(1.0) 		631
(24.8)
Average precipitation days 6 6 8 9 11 11 9 7 7 7 7 7 95
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69 71 117 141 185 235 222 210 201 153 93 63 1,810
Source 1: Gydrometcenter[22]
Source 2: City Hall of Nalchik [23]

date=July 2012

Sports

PFC Spartak Nalchik is an association football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik on August 28–September 18, 2008.[24]

Notable people

Twin towns and sister cities

References

Notes

  1. ^ "http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=269&Itemid=17". Nalchik City Council. Nalchik City Council. June 28, 1995. The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Nalchik is the Nalchik City Council. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ^ a b Местная администрация городского округа Нальчик (in Russian). Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  3. ^ "Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов". 2012 г. (in Russian). Retrieved November 12, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Law #12-RZ
  7. ^ a b c Law #13-RZ
  8. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  9. ^ http://postindex.delovoigorod.ru/nalchik/center/
  10. ^ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%CD
  11. ^ http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16
  12. ^ "Инвестиционный паспорт Кабардино-Балкарии". Investpassport. 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  13. ^ "Dozens die as Russian city raided." BBC. Thursday October 13, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
  14. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  15. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  16. ^ The 3rd Army in the Caucasus - 1942
  17. ^ Amjad M. Jaimoukha, The Circassians: A Handbook (Palgrave, 2001).
  18. ^ http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnkbr.html
  19. ^ "Organisations.Kabardino-Balkar State University". mathnet.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  20. ^ "North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  21. ^ "Federal Education Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy" (in Russian). Education in Russia. edu.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  22. ^ "Gydrometcenter: Historical Weather for Nalchik".
  23. ^ "City Hall of Nalchik : Sundata for Nalchik". June 2011.
  24. ^ "World Women's Championship.World Chess Federation 2008". FIDE. Retrieved September 27, 2009.

Sources

  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №12-РЗ от 27 февраля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №20-РЗ от 23 апреля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные республиканские Законы». Вступил в силу на следующий день после опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #12-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #20-RZ of April 23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as of the day following the publication date.).
  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №13-РЗ от 27 февраля 2005 г. «Об статусе и границах муниципальных образований в Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №20-РЗ от 23 апреля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные республиканские Законы». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #13-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #20-RZ of April 23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as of the day following the official publication date.).
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nalchik.

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