Naseerullah Babar
Major-General Naseerullah Khan Babar (Urdu: نصیر اللہ خان بابر; born 1928 – 10 January 2011) was a Pakistani army officer, diplomat, and politician who served as the 28th Interior Minister of Pakistan from 1993 to 1996. A member of the Pakistan Peoples Party, he also served as the 12th Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province between 1975 and 1977. He was a retired 2-star general officer in the Pakistan Army, and later career military officer-turned-statesman.
During 1974, Babar was tasked to fund and train Tajik rebels, by the order of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, to stage uprising against the government of Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan.[2] The operation was a huge success for Pakistan as Daoud Khan was forced to change his way and end his support to Anti-Pakistani militants.[3][2] Babar then proceeded to retire from the army to start his career in politics. He became Governor of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa from 1975 to 1977 [4][5] under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's government until the term was cut short due to Operation Fair Play— a clandestine operation undertaken to remove Bhutto. In 1988, Babar served as the Special Advisor on Internal Affairs in Benazir Bhutto's first government. Between 1993 and 1996, he tenured as the Interior Minister during Benazir Bhutto's second government where he supervised and successfully contended Operation Blue Fox.[5][6]
Babar is also credited with successfully curbing targeted killings and criminal activities in Karachi in the 1990s. He took the charge of Sindh police and effectively dealt with criminal activities, which were at that time rampant in Karachi, by 1996.[7][6]
Babar was a collector of antique art and Buddha statues. Before Aziz Deri was declared archiological site in 1996, among others, Naseerullah Babar took several artifacts and statues from the area. He kept them at his Peshawar Town residence. Later, items were recovered and placed at Peshawar Museum. [8][9]
Early life and education
[edit]Babar was born in 1928 in Pirpiai near Pabbi, Nowshera district, North West Frontier Province, British India. His family is from the Babar tribe of Pakhtuns and hails from the village of Pirpiai in district Nowshera.[4]
Babar's early education was from Presentation Convent School, Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, British India, between 1935 and 1939. From 1939 to 1941 he attended Burn Hall School then located at Srinagar. The school was subsequently shifted to Abbottabad after the Partition of India in 1947. He then attended Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College from 1941 to 1947 in Dehradun, India, and joined the Pakistan Army in 1948. He was a member of the first Pakistan Military Academy long course which graduated in 1950.[4]
Army career
[edit]Having started his military career in 1948, Babar rose to become a Major General and led the Frontier Corps as its Commandant in 1974.[4]
In his long career in the Army, Babar served in the Artillery Corps and pioneered the Army Aviation Corps. During the 1965 war with India, Babar while flying a helicopter along with Major Akram landed near an Indian military position believing it to be a Pakistani military position. The position housed 70 Indian soldiers at that time. Upon realization Babar told them that they are surrounded by the Pakistani army and should surrender. Babar single-handedly captured an entire company of Indian army soldiers (70 POWs) and walked them back to the Pakistani territory. For his action he was awarded Sitara-e-Jurat while Major Akram was awarded Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam.[10][5][4]
In the 1971 war, he commanded an artillery brigade supporting 23 Division and later commanded an infantry brigade until he was wounded and evacuated from the battlefield. He also had the distinction of having been awarded SJ & Bar. In 1972, he was appointed Inspector General Frontier Corps. He resigned from the Army in 1974 while commanding an infantry division and was appointed as Governor of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.[4]
In 1974, Babar was tasked with training and funding Tajiks rebels against Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan.[3][2] It was in retaliation of Daoud Khan decade long proxy war against Pakistan[11][12] and armed incursion by Afghan army in Bajaur in 1960 and 1961.[13] Ahmad Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar were among the rebels trained by Babar. In 1975, Babar trained rebels staged their first uprising in Panjshir valley. 1975 Panjshir uprising has also been described as the first operation conducted by Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI) in Afghanistan.[2] Before this, ISI did not conduct any operation in Afghanistan. The uprising, though unsuccessful, had forced Daoud Khan to change his ways and end his proxy war against Pakistan.[3][2]
Joining the PPP
[edit]Babar joined the Pakistan People's Party (the PPP) in 1977 after the arrest of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He famously threw away his Hilal i Jurat (with bar) and other army medals at the presiding officer of a military tribunal, when Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged by the military regime of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1979.[4]
Interior Minister 1993–1996
[edit]In 1988, Babar was a Special Assistant to the Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto and successfully ran the election for Begum Nusrat Bhutto from Chitral during the preceding elections.[4]
Elected in the 1993 general election on a People's Party ticket from Nowshera, he defeated Awami National Party President Ajmal Khattak, with the PPP's victory in the election and was appointed Federal Minister for the Interior by Benazir Bhutto.[4]
General Babar was also involved in a crackdown on the militant wing of MQM in the 1990s. His actions effectively brought law and order to Karachi city.[7]
In 1995, Babar boasted to Saudi intelligence head Turki bin Faisal Al Saud's chief of staff that under his direction Pakistan's interior ministry had largely created the Taliban in Afghanistan; Babar fondly referred to the Taliban as "my boys."[14]
1997 and onwards
[edit]After the dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's second government by then President Farooq Leghari, Babar contested the 1997 elections again from Nowshera as well as from Karachi. He lost in Nowshera to Awami National Party candidate Wali Muhammad Khan and in Karachi to Nawaz Sharif's nominee Ejaz Shafi.[4]
Contesting again in the 2002 general elections, he lost in the electoral sweep of the religio-political alliance of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, mainly due to Musharaff's goals of bringing Islamists in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan to power.[4]
In October 2007, he left the Pakistan Peoples Party due to his disagreement with Benazir Bhutto over her support for General Pervez Musharraf. This action was considered as a major blow for the Pakistan Peoples Party because he was their major political leader in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.[4]
Death
[edit]On 19 August 2008, Naseerullah Babar suffered a mild stroke and was admitted to a hospital. He recovered and returned home in November 2008. Naseerullah Babar died on 10 January 2011.[1] He is buried in the family graveyard in Pirpai, Nowshera district.[4]
Further reading
[edit]- Balachandran, Vappala (19 September 2015). "Don't Blame The ISI". The Indian Express.
- Mir, Hamid (21 August 2021). "My personal account of dealing with two generations of Taliban". India Today.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Former interior minister Naseerullah Babar dies". Dawn (newspaper). 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Kiessling, Hein (2016). Unity, Faith and Discipline: The Inter-Service Intelligence of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849048620.
The era of ISI action in Afghanistan now began. A first large scale operation in 1975 was encouragement of large scale rebellion in the Panjshir valley.
- ^ a b c Emadi, H. (2010). Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan:The British, Russian and American Invasion. Springer. ISBN 9780230112001.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Naseerullah Babar dies". The Nation (newspaper). 11 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "In memoriam: The legend named Naseerullah Babar". Dawn (newspaper). 12 February 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Undoing of Sindh Police". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 7 August 2016. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b Anthony, Davis. "Fitful peace". CNN (Asiaweek.com) magazine. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ "Aziz Dheri and the footprints of Buddhism in K-P". The Express Tribune. 5 February 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- ^ I have seen the Buddha statues personally several times at his home. I'm staying anonymous because the family knows me and will muddy our relations.
- ^ "A Great Leader". The Nation (newspaper). 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ Houèrou, Fabienne La (2014). Humanitarian Crisis and International Relations 1959–2013. Bentham Science Publisher. p. 150. ISBN 9781608058341.
The president Khan revived adversarial stance not only toward Pakistan, but to the sponsor, USSR. First Daoud Khan set off proxy war in Pakistan, but in retaliation faced growing Islamic fundamentalists movement within Afghanistan
- ^ Newton, Michael (2014). Famous Assassination in World History:An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 105. ISBN 9781610692861.
By 1976, while proxy guerilla war with Pakistan, Daoud faced rising Islamic fundamentalists movement led by exiled cleric aided openly by Pakistani prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
- ^ Tomsen, Peter (2013). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflict and the Failure of Great Powers. Hachette UK. ISBN 9781610394123.
In 1960, Daoud sent Afghan troops disguised as tribesmen into Pakistan's Bajaur tribal agency north west of Peshawar. The intrusion into the area where Durand line was not very well defined, was driven back by local Bajaur Pashtun tribe who opposed any interference in their affairs from Afghanistan or Pakistan. In 1961, Daoud organized larger, more determined Afghan incursion into Bajaur. This time Pakistan employed American supplied F-86 Sabre jets against Afghans, inflicting heavy casualties on Afghan army unit and tribesmen from Konar accompanying them. To Daoud's embarrassment, several Afghan regulars captured inside Pakistan were paraded before the international media.
- ^ Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to 10 September 2001. Penguin Group. pp. 289–297. ISBN 9781594200076.
External links
[edit]- Ahmad, Imtiaz (11 January 2011). "Father of Taliban dies". Hindustan Times.
