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Nicky Hager

ONZM
Hager in 2023
Hager in 2023
BornNicolas Alfred Hager
1958 (age 65–66)
Levin, New Zealand
OccupationInvestigative journalist
NationalityNew Zealander
Alma materVictoria University of Wellington
Children1
Website
www.nickyhager.info Edit this at Wikidata

Nicolas Alfred Hager ONZM (born 1958) is a New Zealand investigative journalist. He has produced seven books since 1996, covering topics such as intelligence networks, environmental issues and politics. He is one of two New Zealand members of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.

Early life

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Hager was born in Levin to a middle-class "socially aware" family.[1] His father was from Vienna, Austria, a clothing manufacturer who emigrated to New Zealand as a refugee from the Nazis. His mother was born in Zanzibar (part of Tanzania), where her father studied tropical medicine,[2] and later grew up in Kenya and Uganda.[1] His surname Hager is pronounced Har-gar,[1] rhyming with lager.[2]

Hager studied physics at Victoria University of Wellington, where he also did an honours degree in philosophy.[1][3] He stood as a Values Party candidate for Pahiatua in the 1978 general election.[4]

Early career

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After graduating from university, Hager worked at the ecology division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and later worked with his brother-in-law building and renovating houses.[1]

Journalism career

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Hager is an investigative journalist who has written seven books. As of July 2019, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), an international network that has 249 investigative reporters in over 90 countries, has Hager as one of only two New Zealand members.[5][6]

Hager works on a number of projects at any given time, gathering information about them and looks for sources and mentors. Some projects "come together" but others can continue for a number of years.[7]

Secret Power

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Secret Power: New Zealand's Role in the International Spy Network, published in 1996, was Hager's first book.

The book investigates various spying techniques, including signals intelligence (Sigint), a form of electronic eavesdropping between countries. The information was taken from interviews with staff in New Zealand's Sigint agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), who revealed the workings of the agency in minute detail: the intelligence targets, equipment, operating procedures, security systems and training, as well as the staff and layout of the intelligence agency's facilities. The book makes special mention of GCSB's facilities at Waihopai and Tangimoana.

It revealed aspects of New Zealand's participation in the UKUSA Agreement facilitating intelligence gathering and sharing between the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Since the Edward Snowden revelations, this partnership has become more commonly known as the Five Eyes.

As a result, the insights into the inner workings of the GCSB provide information about the allied agencies as well. In particular, Hager documented the US-coordinated ECHELON system, through which the five agencies intercept and process huge volumes of international e-mail, fax and telephone communications. Hager was one of the earliest to write about the secretive ECHELON worldwide electronic spy network. As a result of his book, in 2001 he testified before the European Parliament on his research into the network.[8]

Nicky Hager speaking to the European Parliament's Echelon Committee in April 2001

The book contained two forewords, one written by former New Zealand Prime Minister David Lange and one by Jeffrey T. Richelson, a leading author on U.S. intelligence agencies and the author of the books America's Secret Eyes in the Sky and The Ties That Bind.

Secrets and Lies

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Main article: Secrets and Lies (book)

Secrets and Lies: The Anatomy of an Anti-Environmental PR Campaign was co-authored with Bob Burton and published in 1999. It documents the public relations information put out by Timberlands West Coast Limited in order to win public support for logging of native forests on the West Coast of New Zealand.

The material is based on a large amount of documentation leaked by a staff member from the local branch of Shandwick (now Weber Shandwick Worldwide),[9] a global public relations company, which had been hired by Timberlands to run a secret campaign against environmental groups such as Native Forest Action between 1997 and 1999.

The book describes its tactics of surveillance of meetings, monitoring the press and responding to every letter to the editor, greenwashing, the use of strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPPs), cleaning anti-logging graffiti and blotting out campaign posters in public places, and managing to install its pro-logging educational materials into schools.

The year after the book's publication, the new Labour government passed the Forests (West Coast Accord) Act 2000, which halted the logging of publicly owned native forests and provided a $120 million transition package for the West Coast economy.

Seeds of Distrust

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Main article: Seeds of Distrust

Seeds of Distrust: The Story of a GE Cover-up was a study of government processes and decision-making under New Zealand's Labour-led government.

The book details an incident in November 2000, during the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, when government officials were alerted to evidence of an accidental release of genetically modified corn plants, which was illegal under New Zealand law. The book traces the stages of industry lobbying and government decision making leading up to a decision to regard the incident as insignificant and keep it secret from the public.

The book was released in July 2002, just as a snap election was called, and helped make genetically modified organisms a major election issue.

At a media conference of government officials convened immediately after the book's release, the Chief Executive of the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Barry Carbon, conceded that the book was largely accurate but disputed the interpretation of the material.[10]

The Christchurch newspaper The Press studied the official documents and concluded:

"So who's telling the truth, Hager or the Government? Officials at a special briefing for journalists last week memorably commented that they did not disagree with most of Hager's facts, just his conclusions. That is unsurprising, given that the conclusions that can be drawn are not palatable ones. The documents raise some serious questions about the level of open government New Zealand really has and the strength of our much-vaunted biosecurity regime."[11]

The Hollow Men

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Main article: The Hollow Men (book)

In November 2006 Hager's book The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception was published. The book details a wide range of National Party internal party documents including emails which were leaked by six National Party insiders. The documents were written by the party leader Don Brash and a wide range of people associated with him.

The origin of the book was the exposing of Exclusive Brethren secret funding of National Party election advertising during the 2005 general election. It describes the National Party strategy discussions and the techniques the party advisors used to try to win the 2005 national elections. The thinking behind major speeches, media management, election advertising and election messages is shown in the participants' own words. Many of the party's previously anonymous major donors are identified and relations with them are documented.[citation needed]

The book was initially prevented from being published when Brash obtained an injunction preventing anyone from publishing material from emails that had been stolen from him. At the time Brash was unaware that Hager had completed and was about to launch his book.[12] However, on 23 November 2006, Brash announced his resignation from the leadership of the National Party.[13] The following day he had the injunction lifted, allowing the book to be released.[citation needed]

The Hollow Men was made into a theatrical piece by playwright Dean Parker.[14] Hager assisted with the feature-length documentary of the book, made by Alister Barry, that was released in July 2008.[15]

Other People's Wars

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In August 2011 Hager published Other People's Wars, an investigation into New Zealand's role in the "War on Terror". Using leaked military information, Hager highlights the difference between what New Zealand was told about its role in Afghanistan and Iraq, and what the leaked documents show.

The book demonstrates the role of public relations in blurring the lines between the idea of military as a public service and the agendas that the New Zealand Defence Force was orchestrating for foreign interests. Hager concludes that New Zealand needs greater accountability and neutrality in its armed forces. [citation needed]

It was recognised internationally, with investigative journalist Seymour Hersh stating in a review, "Nicky Hager has more knowledge and understanding of the American intelligence world in Afghanistan – both its good and its very bad points – than any reporter I know."[16]

Other People’s Wars was also adapted into a play by Dean Parker in 2012.[17]

In late November 2022, the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) apologised to Hager and paid NZ$66,400 in compensation and legal fees after it illegally accessed his phone records in 2012. The spy agency believed that a member of the Defence Force had illegally provided Hager with information for his book Other People's War. The NZSIS had seized two months' worth of his home phone's metadata in an attempt to track down the NZDF member. Ultimately, the phone data found no link between Hager and the suspected NZDF member. In August 2019, the acting Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security found that the spy agency had no reasonable grounds for suspecting espionage and had failed to exercise caution when investigating Hager's source.[18]

Dirty Politics

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Main article: Dirty Politics
Hager speaking to journalists outside the launch of Dirty Politics

In August 2014, Hager published Dirty Politics: How attack politics is poisoning New Zealand’s political environment, featuring leaked emails between National Party figures and right-wing bloggers. According to Hager the book aims to tell the story of "how attack politics is poisoning NZ's political environment".[16]

Among the claims in the book are that during the 2011 election campaign a right-wing blogger, Cameron Slater, who is the son of former National Party President John Slater,[19] obtained a database of Labour Party members, emails and donations which were used to attack the Labour Party. Also in 2011 the PM's office used its knowledge of secret SIS documents to tip off a right-wing blogger and arrange an attack on Labour leader Phil Goff, and drafted Official Information Act requests for a right-wing blogger to use in other attacks.[20]

In mid-June 2018, Hager accepted an apology and compensation for "substantial damages" from the New Zealand Police for raiding his home in 2014 as part of their investigation into the hacking that led to the Dirty Politics book. The Police also acknowledged accessing his financial records as part of the apology settlement.[21][22][23]

Jordan Williams' lawsuit against Colin Craig

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Main article: Colin Craig

On 21 September 2016, Nicky Hager was subpoenaed by Colin Craig's lawyers to testify as part of the latter's defence in a defamation suit filed by Jordan Williams, the co-founder of the New Zealand Taxpayers' Union. Hager had initially volunteered to give evidence, however decided he did not want to after Mr Williams gave evidence in relation to Craig's treatment of his former press secretary, Rachel MacGregor. Craig gave evidence that he had read Hager's book Dirty Politics before producing his pamphlet Dirty Politics and Hidden Agendas, which was found to have defamed Williams. Hager took the stand as an expert witness and alleged that publications linked to Jordan Williams on Cameron Slater's blog attacked Craig and followed a similar pattern that had been documented in his book. After testifying for fifteen minutes, Hager was not cross-examined by Williams' lawyers and was allowed to leave by the judge.[24][25]

Hit & Run

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Main article: Operation Burnham

In March 2017, Hager and fellow journalist Jon Stephenson published Hit & Run: The New Zealand SAS in Afghanistan and the meaning of honour. The book explored the New Zealand Special Air Service's involvement in Operation Burnham, a retaliatory military raid on two Afghan villages, Naik and Khak Khuday Dad, in Afghanistan's Tirgiran Valley in August 2010. The NZSAS soldiers had attacked a village while pursuing Taliban fighters following the death of a New Zealand soldier in a roadside bomb. According to Hager and Stephenson, none of the fighters were found but 15 civilians were wounded and six killed. The authors asserted that the NZSAS actions could be considered war crimes and alleged a cover up by the New Zealand Defence Force.[26][27]

The New Zealand Defence Force Chief Lieutenant-General Tim Keating challenged the book's accuracy and denied that NZ forces had operated in the Naik and Khak Khuday Dad villages. He asserted that the raid had taken place at the nearby "Tirgiran Valley village" and that the raid was carried out to protect New Zealand's Provincial Reconstruction Team in neighbouring Bamiyan Province.[28] In response, the Tirgiran Valley villagers' lawyers including Richard McLeod responded that "Tirgiran Valley village" did not exist and challenged Keating's assertions.[29] Hager and Stephenson acknowledged getting the exact location of the villages wrong but asserted that other information including the villages' names were correct.[30] In late March 2017, the Tirgiran Valley villagers' lawyers McLeod, Rodney Harrison, and Deborah Manning requested that the New Zealand Government undertake a formal inquiry into the events at Naik and Khak Khuday Dad villages.[31]

Hager and Stephenson's book attracted considerable media coverage and commentary in New Zealand. University of Otago law professor Andrew Geddis opined that Operation Burnham damaged the NZDF's trust and credibility. Left-wing blogger Martyn "Bomber" Bradbury supported Hager and Stephenson's assertions that New Zealand forces had committed war crimes. The conservative blogger Matthew Hooton, Amnesty International New Zealand's Executive Director Grant Bayldon, and Fairfax political editor Tracey Watkins supported calls for an independent inquiry into New Zealand war crimes.[32] The-then Prime Minister Bill English rejected calls for an inquiry into NZSAS actions on the grounds of inaccuracies in Hit & Run.[33] In August 2017, the Afghan villagers' three lawyers took the New Zealand Government to court over its refusal to hold an inquiry into Operation Burnham.[34]

Following the formation of a new Labour-New Zealand First-Greens coalition government after the 2017 general election, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Defence Minister Ron Mark announced in early November that they would hold an inquiry into the allegations raised by Hit & Run.[35][36] On 13 March 2018, the New Zealand Defence Force confirmed that the location of an Afghan village mentioned in the book Hit & Run was the same place where the NZSAS raid Operation Burnham took place but maintained that claims of civilian casualties were "unfounded."[37][38] On 19 March, the NZDF confirmed that the photos published in Hit & Run were taken in the same location where Operation Burnham had taken place.[39]

On 9 April 2018, the Chief Ombudsman Peter Boshier ruled in favour of the New Zealand Defense Force's decision to withhold most of the information relating to Operation Burnham.[40][41][42] On 11 April, Attorney-General David Parker announced that the Government would be holding an inquiry into Operation Burnham and the allegations in Hit & Run.[43][44]

IGIS Reference Group

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On 16 April 2018, Nicky Hager was appointed as a member of the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security's Reference Group, an advisory group of journalists, lawyers, academics, and advocates that would scrutinise the legality of the actions of New Zealand's intelligence agencies, the NZSIS and GCSB.[45] Hager's appointment was criticised by the National Party's GCSB and NZSIS spokesperson Gerry Brownlee, who pointed to his previous criticism of the NZSIS.[46][47]

Honours and awards

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In the 2023 King's Birthday and Coronation Honours, Hager was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to investigative journalism.[48]

Personal life

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Hager lives in Wellington in a house that he built[1] from parts of demolished houses with money inherited from his parents.[citation needed]

Bibliography

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  • Secret Power, New Zealand's Role in the International Spy Network; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 0-908802-35-8; 1996. (eBook of Secret Power)
  • Secrets and Lies: The Anatomy of an Anti-Environmental PR Campaign (with Bob Burton); Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 0-908802-57-9; 1999.
  • Seeds of Distrust: The Story of a GE Cover-up; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 0-908802-92-7; 2002.
  • The Hollow Men: A study in the politics of deception; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 1-877333-62-X; 2006.
  • Other People's Wars: New Zealand in Afghanistan, Iraq and the war on terror; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 978-1-877517-69-3; 2011.
  • Dirty Politics: How attack politics is poisoning New Zealand’s political environment; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ; ISBN 9781927213360; 2014.
  • Hager, Nicky; Stephenson, Jon (2017). Hit & Run: The New Zealand SAS in Afghanistan and the meaning of honour. Nelson, NZ. ISBN 978-0-947503-39-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Frank interview: Nicky Hagar Pt.1". Get Frank. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  2. ^ a b Macdonald, Nikki (1 April 2017). "National portrait: Nicky Hager – investigative journalist". Stuff. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  3. ^ "Nicky Hager". Craig Potton Publishers. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  4. ^ Farquhar, R.M. (2006). "Green Politics and the Reformation of Liberal Democratic Institutions" (PDF). p. 261.
  5. ^ "About the ICIJ". The Center for Public Integrity. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Journalist Profile: Nicky Hager". The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  7. ^ "Frank Interview: Nicky Hagar Pt.2". Get Frank. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  8. ^ Hager, Nicky (17 May 2001). "Nicky Hager Addresses The Echelon Committee". Scoop Media, Top Scoops. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  9. ^ Weber Shandwick. "History". Weber Shandwick. Archived from the original on 30 April 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  10. ^ Guy MacGibbon, Hager’s Facts Fine – Environment Ministry CEO, Scoop, 11 July 2002.
  11. ^ Colin Espiner, "Corngate: lend me your ears", The Press, 20 July 2002.
  12. ^ "Hager revealed as author of Brash emails book". Sunday Star-Times. 21 November 2006.
  13. ^ "Don Brash gone at lunchtime". The New Zealand Herald. 23 November 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  14. ^ Centrepoint Theatre (14 September 2007). "The Hollow Men". Scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
  15. ^ "The Hollow Men: The inside story of a National Party election campaign". thehollowmen.co.nz. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  16. ^ a b Fisher, David; Bennett, Adam (13 August 2014). "Hager book: 'You will not believe what you read'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  17. ^ Cardy, Tom (13 April 2012). "New play addresses wars". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  18. ^ "NZSIS agrees to pay Nicky Hager $66,400 over phone records privacy breach". Radio New Zealand. 30 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  19. ^ "Internet warrior". Sunday Star Times. 12 July 2009.
  20. ^ Watkins, Tracy (13 August 2014). "Hager: Book exposes National 'attack politics'". Stuff.
  21. ^ Fisher, David (12 June 2018). "Police pay Nicky Hager 'substantial damages' for unlawful search of his home in hunt for Dirty Politics hacker". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  22. ^ Cooke, Henry; Hunt, Tom (12 June 2018). "Police apologise to Nicky Hager over Dirty Politics raid as part of settlement". Stuff. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  23. ^ Geiringer, Felix (12 June 2018). "Police apologise to Nicky Hager". Scoop. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  24. ^ Leask, Anna (21 September 2016). "Colin Craig defamation trial: Dirty Politics author Nicky Hager takes the stand". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  25. ^ "Nicky Hager takes the stand in Colin Craig defamation trial". Newstalk ZB. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  26. ^ Hager & Stephenson 2017, p. backcover,14-136.
  27. ^ "New Hager book is Hit & Run: The New Zealand SAS in Afghanistan and the Meaning of Honour". The Spinoff. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  28. ^ Fisher, David (29 March 2017). "NZSAS raid: Errors emerge in location and names of Hit & Run villages". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  29. ^ Manhire, Toby (29 March 2017). "Tirgiran locals: 'Tirgiran is not a village, and therefore "Tirgiran Village" does not exist'". The Spinoff. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Hit & Run: NZDF's village doesn't exist – lawyers". Radio New Zealand. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  31. ^ Patterson, Jane (28 March 2017). "Afghan villagers' lawyers formally call for inquiry". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  32. ^ Edwards, Bryce (22 March 2017). "Political Roundup: The hardest hitting responses to Nicky Hager's book 'Hit and run". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  33. ^ Sachdeva, Sam (27 March 2017). "Bill English says SAS inquiry unlikely after Defence Force attacks Hit and Run 'inaccuracies". Stuff. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  34. ^ Satherley, Dan; Shepherd, Simon (18 August 2017). "Govt taken to court over lack of Hit & Run inquiry". Newshub. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  35. ^ Cheng, Derek (9 November 2017). "Defence Minister Ron Mark requests briefing on Hit & Run issues". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  36. ^ Russell, Alexia (8 November 2017). "Government planning to investigate Hit and Run claims". Newstalk ZB. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  37. ^ Broughton, Cate (13 March 2018). "Defence Force admits book location right, but denies civilian casualties". Stuff. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  38. ^ Jones, Nicholas (13 March 2018). "Hit & Run raid: Defence Force acknowledges 'confusion' on civilian casualty statements". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  39. ^ "NZDF confirms photos in 'Hit & Run' was where Operation Burnham took place". The New Zealand Herald. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  40. ^ Moir, Jo (9 April 2018). "Chief Ombudsman backs NZDF's refusal to release information about Operation Burnham". Stuff. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  41. ^ Office of the Ombudsman. "Operation Burnham: Final Opinion released" (Press release). Scoop. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  42. ^ Mitchell, Mark (9 April 2018). "Hit and Run: Chief Ombudsman backs information being withheld on Operation Burnham". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  43. ^ Parker, David. "Approval for Inquiry into Operation Burnham" (Press release). Scoop. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  44. ^ "Government to hold inquiry on Operation Burnham after allegations in book Hit & Run". 1 News. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  45. ^ "Establishment of IGIS Reference Group 2018". Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  46. ^ Walters, Laura (17 April 2018). "SIS critic Nicky Hager among group appointed to keep a check on spy agencies". Stuff. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  47. ^ "National question appointment of Nicky Hager to reference group". Newstalk ZB. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  48. ^ "The King's Birthday and Coronation honours list 2023". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
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