Operation Dawn 10
| Operation Dawn 10 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Iran–Iraq War | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Iraq |
 Iran Supported by:  Peshmerga | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Saddam Hussein Kokeb Mohammad Amin Abdul-Wahid Shannan ar-Ribat Hisham Fakhri |
Ayatollah Khomeni Mohsen Rezaee Ali Sayad Shirazi Ali Shamkhani Yahya Rahim Safavi Masoud Barzani | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
10,000+ killed or wounded 5,440 captured 270 tanks destroyed[1][2] | 3,000 killed[3] | ||||||||
Operation Dawn-10 or Walfajr-10[4] (Persian: عملیات والفجر ۱۰) was a large offensive launched by Iran against Iraq on March 15, 1988, near the end of the Iran–Iraq War. Led by the Pasdaran and supported by some regular army forces, the five-phase operation marked a shift in Iranian focus from from southern to northern Iraq.[4]
The battle
[edit]Launched with the code of "Ya Rasūl Allāh (s)" (Persian: (یا رسول الله (ص)[5] (likewise "Ya Muhammad ibn Abdullah")[6][7][1], Operation Dawn-10[8][9] was executed on the west heights overlooking Darbandikhan Lake in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Iraq[5] with the operational goal of preparing a full-on assault on the Darbandikhan Dam.[10] [11] Iranian forces quickly encircled their main objectives with ease, and the Iraqis did not have the time to reinforce the threatened area. The siege surprised Iraqi who were expecting an attack from the southern front, from where Iran mainly operated. Roughly 10,000 Iraqi troops were killed or wounded[1], while some 5,440 more were captured.[1][12] Iraq also lost hundreds of tanks, armoured vehicles, and equipment.[13] Iran sustained many fewer losses.[14]
The operation led to the capture of three towns[5] and around 100 villages[15] in the 1,200-square-kilometer operational area,[16] including Halabja, Kharmal, Biareh, and Tawileh. It is also claimed that the town of Nosud in Iran was retaken from Iraqi forces. The offensive forced Iraq to divert important divisions from the south to the northern Iraqi mountains, disrupting the overall war effort.
To punish Kurds involved in the battle, Saddam ordered the Iraqi military to chemically bombard Halabja, killing thousands of civilians and destroying the town.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Shahid Qahreman Mahdi-Zadeh -- Operation Dawn-10". dana.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Operation Dawn-10 (Halahbja)". ashoora.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "عمليات والفجر 10 ؛ غربت يك حماسه در سايه يك فاجعه هولناك انساني - خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency".
- ^ a b "Operation Walfajr 10 (Dawn 10)". portal.anhar.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ a b c "WalFajr-10 operation -- Halabja liberation and chemical attacks by the Iraqi Ba'ath regime". irna.ir. 17 March 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Liberation -- Operation Walfajr-10 (Dawn-10)". iqna.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Holy Defense, operation Walfajr-10". defamoghaddas.ir. Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Untold words from "Operation Walfajr-10"". tabnak.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Documentary of operation dawn 10 (Walfajr-10)". aparat.com. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "عملیات والفجر 10". Archived from the original on 2018-07-20.
- ^ "عملیات والفجر 10 (حلبچه)". Archived from the original on 2018-07-20.
- ^ "Operation Dawn-10 (Halahbja)". ashoora.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "گزارش عملیات والفجر 10". Archived from the original on 2018-07-20.
- ^ "عمليات والفجر 10 ؛ غربت يك حماسه در سايه يك فاجعه هولناك انساني - خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency".
- ^ "Halabja conquest, Operation Walfajr-10 (Dawn-10)". defapress.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "Walfajr-10 Operation". roshd.ir. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ "عملیات والفجر10؛آزادسازی حلبچه و حملات شیمیایی رژیم بعث عراق". 17 March 2018.