Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Physiatrist
Occupation
Names	Physician
Activity sectors	Medicine
Description
Education required	M.D. or D.O. (US), M.B.B.S. (UK)

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry /f[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈzaɪ.ətri/ or rehabilitation medicine, or physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) outside of United States, is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities. A physician having completed training in this field is referred to as a physiatrist. Physiatrists specialize in restoring optimal function to people with injuries to the muscles, bones, and nervous system.^[1]

Scope of the field

Common conditions that are treated by rehabilitation physicians include

amputation
spinal cord injury
sports injury
stroke
musculoskeletal pain syndromes such as low back pain
fibromyalgia, and
traumatic brain injury.

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation involves optimizing function in those afflicted with heart or lung disease. Chronic pain management is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach involving

psychologists
physical therapists
occupational therapists
exercise therapists
anesthesiologists, and
interventional procedures when indicated.

Stroke, in addition to the previous methodology, is often treated with the help of a speech therapist and recreational therapist when possible.^[2] Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians utilized electrodiagnostic medicine studies to help diagnose patients with symptoms of numbness, cramps or tingling.

History

The term 'physiatry' was coined by Frank H. Krusen in 1938. The term was accepted by the American Medical Association in 1946. The field grew notably during World War II to accommodate the large number of injured soldiers.^[3]

Treatment

The major concern that PM&R deals with as a medical field is the ability of a person to function optimally within the limitations placed upon them by a disabling impairment or disease process for which there is no known cure. The emphasis is not on the full restoration to the premorbid level of function, but rather the optimization of the quality of life for those not able to achieve full restoration. A team approach to chronic conditions is emphasized to coordinate care of patients. Comprehensive Rehabilitation is provided by specialists in this field, who act as facilitators, team leaders, and medical experts for rehabilitation.

Training

Subspecialties

Six formal sub-specializations are recognized by the field in the United States:

Other subspecialties within the field that are recognized include the following:^{[citation needed]}

Musculoskeletal pain management
Intervention physiatry
Surgical rehabilitation
Rheumatological rehabilitation
Obesity and other lifestyle disease modifications
Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
Amputee care
Electrodiagnostic medicine

References

^ "What is Physiatry? - HSS". Hss.edu. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
^ Frontera, W.R. (ed.). (2010). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
^ Grabois, M.; Garrison, S.J.; Hart, K.A; Lehmkuhl, L.D, eds. (2000). Physical medicine and rehabilitation : the complete approach. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0865425361.

External links

What Is PM&R? gives a PM&R resident's description of the specialty and its appeal as a physician

[1] "What is Physiatry? - HSS". Hss.edu. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

[2] Frontera, W.R. (ed.). (2010). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

[3] Grabois, M.; Garrison, S.J.; Hart, K.A; Lehmkuhl, L.D, eds. (2000). Physical medicine and rehabilitation : the complete approach. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0865425361.

[1]

[2]

[3]