Pratt & Whitney J57

J57 / JT3C
	YJ57-P-3 cut-away demonstrator at USAF Museum
Type	Turbojet
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Pratt & Whitney
First run	Template:Avyear
Major applications	Boeing 707 ; Boeing B-52 Stratofortress; Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker ; Douglas DC-8 ; North American F-100 Super Sabre ; Vought F-8 Crusader
Number built	21,170 built
Developed from	Pratt & Whitney XT45
Variants	JT3D/TF33
Developed into	Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A ; Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A

The Pratt & Whitney J57 (company designation: JT3C) is an axial-flow turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney in the early 1950s. The J57 (first run January 1950^[1]) was the first 10,000 lbf (45 kN) thrust class engine in the United States. The J57/JT3C was developed into the J75/JT4A turbojet, JT3D/TF33 turbofan and the PT5/T57 turboprop.^[2]

Design and development

The J57 was a development of the Pratt & Whitney XT45 (PT4) turboprop engine that was originally intended for the Boeing XB-52. As the B-52 power requirements grew, the design evolved into a turbojet, the JT3.

The J57 used titanium alloys^[where?] and the Ti-150 alloy used in the mid 1950s suffered hydrogen embrittlement^[3]^: 412 until the problem was understood.

The prestigious Collier Trophy for 1952 was awarded to Leonard S. Hobbs, Chief Engineer of United Aircraft Corporation, for "designing and producing the P&W J57 turbojet engine".^[4]

On May 25, 1953, a J57-powered YF-100A exceeded Mach 1 on its maiden flight. The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built.

One XT57 (PT5), a turboprop development of the J57, was installed in the nose of a JC-124C (BuNo 52-1069), and tested in 1956.^[5]^[6]

Variants

Data from:Aircraft Engines of the World 1964/65^[7]

J57-P-1W: 11,400 lbf (51 kN) s.t with water injection (B-52A)
J57-P-1WA: As P-1W
J57-P-1WB: As P-1W
YJ57-P-3: 8,700 lbf (39 kN) thrust, used in the Convair YB-60
J57-P-4A: 16,000 lbf (71.17 kN) thrust
J57-P-6: 10,500 lbf (46.71 kN) thrust
J57-P-6B: 10,500 lbf (46.71 kN) thrust
J57-P-7: 14,800 lbf (65.83 kN) thrust
J57-P-8A: 10,400 lbf (46.26 kN) thrust
J57-P-8B: 16,000 lbf (71.17 kN) thrust
J57-P-9W: 14,800 lbf (65.83 kN) thrust
J57-P-10: 10,500 lbf (46.71 kN) thrust
J57-P-11: 9,700 lbf (43.15 kN) thrust, 14,800 lbf (65.83 kN) thrust
J57-P-13: 14,880 lbf (66.19 kN) thrust
J57-P-16: 16,900 lbf (75.17 kN) thrust
J57-P-19W: 12,100 lbf (53.82 kN) thrust with water injection

J57-P-20: 18,000 lbf (80.07 kN) thrust^[8]
J57-P-20A: 18,000 lbf (80.07 kN) thrust
J57-P-21: 17,000 lbf (75.62 kN) thrust
J57-P-231: 17,000 lbf (75.62 kN) thrust
J57-P-25: 15,000 lbf (66.72 kN) thrust
J57-P-29W: 12,100 lbf (53.82 kN) thrust with water injection
J57-P-31
J57-P-37A
J57-P-43W: 13,750 lbf (61.16 kN) thrust
J57-P-43WA: 13,750 lbf (61.16 kN) thrust
J57-P-43WB: 13,750 lbf (61.16 kN) thrust^[8]
J57-P-59W: 13,750 lbf (61.16 kN) thrust
JT3C-2: Civilian derivative of the J57-P-43WB, 13,750 lbf (61.16 kN) thrust^[8]
JT3C-6: 13,500 lbf (60.05 kN) thrust^[8]
JT3C-7: 12,000 lbf (53.38 kN) thrust^[8]
JT3C-12: 13,000 lbf (57.83 kN) thrust^[8]
JT3C-26: Civilian derivative of the J57-P-20, 18,000 lbf (80.07 kN) thrust^[8]; JT3D/TF33:A turbo-fan derivative of the J57.^[8]
T57/PT5: 15,000 hp (11,185.50 kW) turboprop

Applications

J57 (Military)

JT3C (Civilian)

T57 turboprop

Douglas JC-124C Globemaster II testbed
Douglas C-132 (not built)

Engines on display

A J57 cutaway is on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.^[9]

Specifications (J57-P-23)

Data from ^{[citation needed]}

General characteristics

Type: Afterburning turbojet
Length: 244 in (6197.6mm)
Diameter: 39 in (990.6mm)
Dry weight: 5,175 lb (2,347 kg)

Components

Compressor: Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor

Performance

Maximum thrust: 11,700 lbf (52.0 kN) dry, 17,200 lbf (76.5 kN) with afterburner
Overall pressure ratio: 11.5:1
Air mass flow: 165 lb/s (75 kg/s) at maximum power
Turbine inlet temperature: 1,600 °F (870 °C)
Specific fuel consumption: 2.10 lb/(lbf⋅h) (59 g/(kN⋅s)) with afterburner
Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.32:1 (32.6 N/kg)

Specifications (JT3C-7)

Data from Flight ^[10]

General characteristics

Type: civil turbojet
Length: 155in (3937mm)
Diameter: 39in (990.6mm)
Dry weight: 4200lb (1905kg)

Components

Compressor: all-axial, 9-stage LP compressor, 7-stage HP compressor
Combustors: cannular, 8 flame tubes
Turbine: all-axial, single stage HP turbine, 2-stage LP turbine

Performance

Maximum thrust: 12030 lbf (53.5 kN) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA
Overall pressure ratio: 12.5:1
Air mass flow: 180 lb/s (81.65 kg/s)
Specific fuel consumption: 0.785 lb/(h lbf) (22.24 g/(s kN)) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA and 0.909 lb/(h lbf) (25.75g/(s kN)) @Max Cruise 3550 lbf M0.85,35000 ft,ISA
Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.44

References

Notes

^ The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History" Jack Connors, AIAA Inc. 2010, ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8, p. 225
^ Gunston, p.167
^ "Iroquois" a 1957 Flight article
^ "Collier Trophy". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 (Putnam, 1979), p.470.
^ Connors, p.294
^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 (19th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
^ http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=1059 "Pratt & Whitney J57 (JTC3) Cutaway"
^ Flightglobal archive - Flight International, 27 November 1953 Retrieved: 04 March 2017

Bibliography

Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
Connors, Jack (2010). The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History. Reston. Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

Pratt & Whitney History page on the J57/JT3
Pratt & Whitney J57 Turbojet – National Museum of the United States Air Force
Photo of C-124 with xT57 in Flight magazine
"Two-Spool Turbo-Wasp" a 1953 Flight article on the J57 by Bill Gunston

[1] The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History" Jack Connors, AIAA Inc. 2010, ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8, p. 225

[2] Gunston, p.167

[Flight1957-3] "Iroquois" a 1957 Flight article

[4] "Collier Trophy". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[5] Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 (Putnam, 1979), p.470.

[Connors-6] Connors, p.294

[AEotW64/65-7] Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 (19th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.

[JAWA62-63-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.

[9] ttp://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=1059 "Pratt & Whitney J57 (JTC3) Cutaway"

[10] Flightglobal archive - Flight International, 27 November 1953 Retrieved: 04 March 2017

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v t e Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines
Radial engines	R-985 R-1340 R-1535 R-1690 R-1830 R-1860 R-2000 R-2060 R-2180-A R-2180-E R-2270 R-2800 R-4360 Double Wasp Hornet (A) Hornet B Twin Hornet Twin Wasp (R-1830) Twin Wasp (R-2000) Twin Wasp E Twin Wasp Junior Wasp series Wasp Wasp Junior Wasp Major Yellow Jacket
H piston engines	X-1800/XH-2600 XH-3130 (XH-3730)
Free-piston gas turbines	PT1
Turbojets	JT3C JT4A JT6 JT7 JT8A JT9 JT11 JT12 J42 J48 J52 J57 J58 J60 J75 J91
Turbofans	GP7000† JT3D JT4D JT8D JT9D JTF10 JTF10A JT10D JTF14 JTF16 JTF17 JTF22 PW1000G PW1120 PW2000 PW4000 PW5000 PW6000 RTF-180† STF200 SuperFan† V2500† F100 F105 F117 F119 F135 F401 RM8† TF30 TF33 XA101 XA103
Turboprops/Turboshafts	APW34† JFTD12 PT2 PT3 PT4 PT5 T34 XT45 T52 XT57 T73 T800-APW† T900†
Propfans	578-DX†
Rocket engines	RL10
Aeroderivative gas turbine engines	GG3/FT3 GG4/FT4 FT8
Subsidiaries	Pratt & Whitney Canada Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
Key people	Leonard S. Hobbs George J. Mead Wright Parkins Perry Pratt Frederick Rentschler Richard "Dick" Soderberg Andrew Willgoos
† Joint development aeroengines See also: Pratt & Whitney Canada aeroengines

v t e United States military gas turbine aircraft engine designation system
Turbojets	J30 J31 J32 J33 J34 J35 J36 J37 XJ38 J39 J40 XJ41 J42 J43 J44 J45 J46 J47 J48 XJ49 J51 J52 J53 J54 J55 J56 J57 J58 J59 J60 J61 J63 J65 J67 J69 J71 J73 J75 J79 J81 J83 J85 J87 J89 J91 YJ93 J95 J97 J99 J100 YJ101 J102 J400 J401 J402 J403 J700
Turboprops/ Turboshafts	T30 T31 T33 T34 T35 T36 T37 T38 T39 T40 T41 T42 T43 T44 T45 T46 T47 T48 T49 T50 T51 T52 T53 T54 T55 T56 (variants) T57 T58 T60 T61 T62 T63 T64 T65 T66 T67 T68 T69 T70 T71 T72 T73 T74 T76 T78 T80 T100 T101 T400 T405 T406 T407 T408 T700 T701 T702 T703 T706 T708 LHTEC T800 APW T800 T900 T901
Turbofans	TF30 TF31 TF32 TF33 TF34 TF35 TF37 TF39 TF41 F100 F101 F102 F103 F104 F105 F106 F107 F108 F109 F110 F112 F113 F117 F118 F119 YF120 F121 F122 F124 F125 F126 F127 F128 F129 F130 F135 F136 F137 F138 F400 F401 F402 F404 F405 F408 F412 F414 F415
Adaptive cycle engines	XA100 XA101 XA102 XA103

Design and development

Variants

Applications

Engines on display

Specifications (J57-P-23)

General characteristics

Components

Performance

Specifications (JT3C-7)

General characteristics

Components

Performance

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links