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Robert Crippen

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Robert L. Crippen
Born (1937-09-11) September 11, 1937 (age 87)
Beaumont, Texas, U.S.
StatusRetired
NationalityAmerican
Other namesRobert Laurel Crippen
Alma materUniversity of Texas at Austin, B.S. 1960
Occupation(s)Naval aviator, test pilot
Awards Congressional Space Medal of Honor
Space career
USAF / NASA Astronaut
Rank Captain, USN
Time in space
23d 13h 46m
Selection1966 USAF MOL Group 2
1969 NASA Group 7
MissionsSTS-1, STS-7, STS-41-C, STS-41-G
Mission insignia
RetirementDecember 31, 1991

Robert Laurel Crippen (born September 11, 1937) is an American retired naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and retired astronaut. He traveled into space four times: as Pilot of STS-1 in April 1981, the first Space Shuttle mission; and as Commander of STS-7 in June 1983, STS-41-C in April 1984, and STS-41-G in October 1984. Crippen received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

Background

Crippen was born September 11, 1937, in Beaumont, Texas.[1] After graduating from New Caney High School in New Caney, Texas in 1955, Crippen received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1960.[1][2][3] He was selected as a member of the Texas Alpha chapter of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Gamma Tau.[4]

Flight experience

Crippen was commissioned through the United States Navy's Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS) Program at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.[1] He continued his flight training at Naval Air Station Whiting Field, Florida, and went from there to Naval Air Station Chase Field in Beeville, Texas, where he received his wings. As a Naval Aviator from June 1962 to November 1964, he made two deployments aboard the aircraft carrier USS Independence, flying the A-4 Skyhawk in Attack Squadron 72 (VA-72). He later attended the U.S. Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Upon graduation he remained at Edwards as an instructor until he was picked for the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) spaceflight program in October 1966.[1]

He has logged more than 6,500 hours flying time, which includes more than 5,500 hours in jet aircraft.[2]

Crippen with a MOL spacesuit

NASA career

We were flying on a winged vehicle that would do reentry different than we had ever done before. So all of those were firsts. Test pilots truly love firsts.

— Crippen's Shuttle experiences.[5]

After the MOL program was cancelled, Crippen became a NASA astronaut in September 1969.[1] He served on the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4 missions, and for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission.[1] He was the Pilot of the first orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle program (STS-1, April 12–14, 1981) and was the Commander of three additional Shuttle flights: STS-7, June 18–24, 1983; STS-41-C, April 6–13, 1984; and STS-41-G, October 6–13, 1984. In addition to participating in the first Shuttle flight, he also presided over the first five-person crew (STS-7, which included Sally Ride, the first American woman in space), the first satellite repair operation (STS-41-C, which repaired the Solar Maximum Mission satellite), and the first seven-person crew (STS-41-G). He was named Commander of the STS-62-A mission which would have launched from the new SLC-6 facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. That mission was cancelled after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and SLC-6 was closed when the Air Force went back to launching satellites on the Titan III and Titan IV rockets.

Crippen was stationed at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, from July 1987 to December 1989, as Deputy Director, Shuttle Operations for NASA Headquarters. He was responsible for final Shuttle preparation, mission execution and return of the orbiter to KSC after landings at Edwards Air Force Base. From January 1990 to January 1992, he served as Director, Space Shuttle, at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. As such, he was responsible for the overall Shuttle program requirements, performance, and total program control, including budget, schedule and program content. He subsequently served as the Director of the Kennedy Space Center from January 1992 to January 1995.

Spaceflight experience

John Young and Crippen suiting up for the STS-1 mission

STS-1: Columbia (April 12–14, 1981) was the first orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia. It was also the first manned vehicle to be flown into orbit without previous unmanned orbital testing and the first winged manned vehicle to launch with solid rocket boosters.[6] It was also the first winged reentry vehicle to return to a conventional runway landing. The mission lasted 54 hours, 20 minutes, 53 seconds.[7]

STS-7: Challenger (June 18–24, 1983) was the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger. This was also the first mission with a five-person crew. During the six-day flight, the crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and Indonesia (PALAPA B-1); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01); conducted the first formation flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-02); carried and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); and operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition to activating seven Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 146 hours, 23 minutes, 59 seconds.

STS-41-C: Challenger (April 6–13, 1984) was a seven-day mission during which the crew deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it aboard the orbiting Challenger, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System (RMS); flight tested the Manned Maneuvering Units (MMU's) in two extravehicular activities (EVA); as well as operating the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, and running a Bee Hive Honeycomb Structures student experiment. Mission duration was 167 hours, 40 minutes, 07 seconds.

STS-41-G: Challenger (October 5–13, 1984) was the first mission with a seven-person crew. During the eight-day flight, the crew deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the Earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes, 33 seconds and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.[8]

Post-NASA career

After leaving NASA, Crippen served as a Vice President with Lockheed Martin Information Systems in Orlando, Florida, from April 1995 to November 1996. From December 1996 to April 2001, Crippen was President of Thiokol Propulsion, which produced the Space Shuttle Reusable Solid Rocket Motors and other defense and commercial solid rocket motors.[9]

Organizations

He is a fellow in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Astronautical Society, and Society of Experimental Test Pilots.[2] He served as President of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1999.[10] He was selected to be a member of Naval Aviators Golden Eagles in 2009. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2012.[11]

Awards and honors

Sign of Crippen Elementary School in Porter, Texas, named after Robert Crippen

Crippen's accomplishments have earned him many notable awards, including the 1981 SETP Iven C. Kincheloe Award[12] and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1972. In 1981 after the inaugural Space Shuttle flight, he received the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Award, the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award, the National Geographic Society's Gardiner Greene Hubbard Medal, and the American Legion's Distinguished Service Medal. In 1982 he won the Federal Aviation Administration's Award for Distinguished Service, the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy and the Harmon Trophy. In 1984 he received the Navy Distinguished Flying Cross and the Defense Meritorious Service Medal.[13]

He also received NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal in 1988, four NASA Space Flight Medals in 1981, 1983 and twice in 1984, and three NASA Distinguished Service Medals in 1985, 1988, and 1993. In 1996, Crippen became the tenth individual to receive the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement's National Space Trophy. He was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1991 and the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2001.[5][14] On April 6, 2006, he received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, the highest award for spaceflight achievement.[15]

On November 18, 2015 at the National Business Aviation Association convention in Las Vegas, Crippen was announced as a 2016 Inductee into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.[16]

Personal life

Crippen's first marriage to Virginia Hill produced three daughters: Ellen Marie (born June 1962), Susan Lynn (born December 1964), and Linda Ruth (born May 1967).[1] His second marriage is to Pandora Lee Puckett of Miami, Florida, NASA’s first female lead Orbiter Project Engineer on the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Challenger at the Kennedy Space Center.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Robert L. Crippen". New York Times. April 13, 1981. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c "Robert Crippen NASA Biography". NASA. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  3. ^ Alumni Profile Robert L. Crippen, BS ASE 1960 - website of the University of Texas at Austin
  4. ^ "Astronauts & Flight Scientists". Tau Beta Pi. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Piloted the first space shuttle". New Mexico Museum of Space History. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  6. ^ "Flying Machine". Star-Gazette. April 15, 1982. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "STS-1 Overview". NASA. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  8. ^ "41-G (13)". NASA. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  9. ^ "CRIPPEN JOINS THIOKOL AS ITS PRESIDENT". Deseret News. October 22, 1996. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  10. ^ "AIAA Leadership". AIAA. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  11. ^ "Alumnus Bob Crippen Elected to National Academy of Engineering". February 27, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  12. ^ "Iven C Kincheloe Recipients". Society of Experimental Test Pilots. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  13. ^ "Robert L. Crippen CAPT USN (Ret.)" (PDF). The Golden Eagles. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  14. ^ "Robert Crippen". Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  15. ^ "First Shuttle Pilot Crippen Gets Congressional Space Medal of Honor". NASA. April 27, 2006. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  16. ^ "Robert Crippen". The National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
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