Sikh Reference Library
The Sikh Reference Library was a repository of over 1,500 rare manuscripts located in the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) at Amritsar, Punjab which was destroyed by India during Operation Blue Star.[1] In 1984, the library's contents were confiscated by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the empty building allegedly burned to the ground by the Indian Army. In recent years the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) has attempted to recover the looted material but has not yet recovered substantial materials. To date, the status of library manuscripts and artifacts is unclear; the vast majority remain in the hands of the government, a few office files and passports were returned, and as many as 117 items were destroyed for being "seditious" materials.[1]
Origin
The Sikh Reference Library was established by the SGPC with a resolution dated 27 October 1946.[1] The library had its roots in a meeting of the Sikh Historical Society under the presidency of Princess Bamba on 10 February 1945 at Khalsa College, Amritsar which established the Central Sikh library.[1] The Central Sikh library was then folded into the Sikh Reference Library.
Historical materials
Before its destruction, the library contained rare books and manuscripts on Sikh religion, history, and culture. It also contained handwritten manuscripts of the Guru Granth Sahib and Hukmnamas containing signatures of Sikh Gurus.[1][2] The library also held documents related to the Indian Independence Movement.
Destruction
According to the Indian Army white paper on Operation Blue Star, the library was destroyed on the night of June 5, 1984 in the midst of a firefight.[3] However, according to V. M. Tarkunde, the library was still intact on 6 June when the Army had gained control of the Golden Temple, and was in fact burned down by the army at some point between 6 June and 14 June.[3] Although the Indian Army has maintained that the library's contents were completely destroyed on 5 June, the SGPC has contradicted their version of events. By using witness accounts, the SGPC has alleged that material from the library was taken in gunny sacks on military truck to Amritsar's Youth Club, a temporary office of the CBI , and the empty library was burned by the army afterwards.[1] At that location, the CBI catalogued the materials until September 1984, when in light of a Sikh convention being held in the city, the library's contents were moved to an undisclosed location.
Coverup
In 2003, Ranjit Nanda, a former inspector for the Central Bureau of Investigation, (CBI) turned whistleblower and revealed he was part of a five member team which scrutinized the documents at the CBI's makeshift office at Amritsar's Youth Club.[1] He revealed that officials from his department were "desperately looking for a purported letter written by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister, to Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale", and reported seeing letters from the other leaders addressed to Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale.[1] Manjit Calcutta, a former secretary of the SGPC, corroborated Nanda's version of events but further alleged that the army set the library "on fire in desperation when it failed to find the letter".[1] Nanda further confirmed the SGPC's version of events by describing how after inspecting each book and manuscript the CBI packed the documents into 165 numbered gunny sacks and bundled the material into waiting army vehicles because of a meeting of Sikh high priests taking place at the time.[1] He also showed a letter from his superiors commending his work "during examination of documents from SGPC ".[1]
Efforts to recover the material
Since 1988, the SGPC has written to the Central Government asking for the return of the material taken by the CBI but has only received minor office files.[4]
On 23 May 2000 George Fernandes wrote to the SGPC Secretary, Gurbachan Singh Bachan, and acknowledged that the Indian Army had taken the books and other documents from the Sikh Reference Library and handed them over to the CBI.[4] He asked him to refer the matter to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, whose jurisdiction the CBI falls under.[4]
In a visit to Jalandhar, Punjab Fernandes announced that the CBI had destroyed 117 "seditious" documents from the material taken from the Sikh Reference Library.[1]
On 25 March 2003, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam made assurances that the books, documents, and manuscripts would be returned; however, he took no further action.[5]
In 26 April 2004, the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered the Central Government, Government of Punjab, and the CBI to return the "valuables, books, scriptures, paintings, etc, that were seized from the Golden Temple during “Operation Bluestar” in 1984".[6]
In February and May 2009, A. K. Antony, defense minister of India, claimed in parliament that the Indian Army no longer had any material taken from the library.[7][8] Various members of parliament and the SGPC criticized him for "misleading parliament".[7][8]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Walia, Varinder (7 June 2003). "Fire of controversy in Sikh library still smoulders". The Tribune. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ "The Smoking Gun Recovered, United Sikhs documentary" | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6AFP1NiF-U
- ^ a b Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006). Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India (PDF) (2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 16. ISBN 0-9787073-0-3.
- ^ a b c "George Fernandes admits Army removed items from Golden Temple during Operation B". Bombay: Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd. 25 May 2000. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Rana, Yudhvir (25 March 2003). "Precious books will be returned: Kalam assures SGPC chief - The Times of India". Indiatimes. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ "Material seized during Bluestar to be returned". The Tribune. Chandigarh: The Tribune. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ a b Bharadwaj, Ajay (27 February 2009). "SGPC, Centre spar over Golden Temple's missing manuscripts - India - DNA". Daily News and Analysis. Chandigarh. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ a b Walia, Varinder (21 May 2009). "No Sikh reference books with us: Antony". The Tribune. The Tribune. Retrieved 22 February 2011.