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Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet

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Sir Charles Monro, Bt
Born(1860-06-15)15 June 1860
At sea on the Maid of Judah
Died7 December 1929(1929-12-07) (aged 69)
Westminster, London, England, United Kingdom
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1878–1920
RankGeneral
UnitQueen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
Commands held13th Brigade
2nd London Division
2nd Division
I Corps
Third Army
Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
First Army
Commander-in-Chief, India
Battles/warsSecond Boer War
First World War
Third Anglo-Afghan War
AwardsBaronet
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Other workGovernor of Gibraltar
Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London.

General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCSI, GCMG (15 June 1860 – 7 December 1929) was a senior British Army officer who served during the Second Boer War and the First World War and became Commander-in-Chief, India for the latter part of the conflict. From 1923 to 1929 he served as Governor of Gibraltar.

Early military career

Educated at Sherborne School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Monro was commissioned into the 2nd Regiment of Foot as a second lieutenant on 13 August 1879.[1][2][3] He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 May 1881 and to captain on 24 July 1889.[4][5] Promoted to major on 23 February 1898,[6] he served as a brigade major until he was appointed a deputy assistant adjutant general on 15 April 1899.[7] He vacated that appointment in February 1900,[8] as he went to South Africa to serve in the Second Boer War, where he was present at the Battle of Paardeberg in 1900.[1] Promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel in 1900, he was brevetted to lieutenant-colonel on 29 November 1900.[9] On 28 March 1903, he was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-colonel and appointed commandant of the School of Musketry.[10][11] Promoted to colonel in 1906, he was appointed Commander of 13th Infantry Brigade in Dublin on 12 May 1907, with the temporary rank of brigadier-general.[1][12] Promoted to major-general on 31 October 1910, on 31 March 1912 he became General Officer Commanding 2nd London Division.[13][14]

First World War

On 5 August 1914, at the start of the First World War, Monro was deployed to France as General Officer Commanding 2nd Division and played an important part in the First Battle of Ypres.[1][15] On 27 December 1914 he became General Officer Commanding I Corps, with the temporary rank of lieutenant-general.[16] On 15 July 1915, he was made General Officer Commanding Third Army, with the temporary rank of general.[1][17] He was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant-general on 28 October.[18] In October 1915, during the later stages of the Gallipoli Campaign, General Ian Hamilton was dismissed as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and replaced by Charles Monro.[1] Monro subsequently ordered the evacuation of troops from Gallipoli.[1]

In 1916 Monro briefly commanded the British First Army in France before becoming Commander-in-Chief India later that year.[1] As Commander-in-Chief, India Monro had responsibility for the Mesopotamian campaign. Robertson told him to “keep up a good show” (1 August 1916) in Mesopotamia but not to make any further attempt to take Baghdad, but this was overruled by Curzon and Chamberlain on the War Committee. Monro inspected Maude’s forces on his way out to India, and after receiving his favourable report the War Committee authorised Maude to attack (18 September 1916).[19] On 1 October 1916, Monro was promoted to the substantive rank of general as a reward for his wartime service.[20]

Later life

In May 1921, Monro was created a Baronet, of Bearcrofts in the Shire of Stirling.[21] In 1923 Monro was appointed Governor of Gibraltar.[1] Monro died in 1929 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.[22] His baronetcy became extinct upon his death.

Honours

British

Others

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sir Charles Monro at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. ^ Barrow, Gen. Sir George (1931). "The Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro". London: Hutchinson & Co. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. ^ "No. 24751". The London Gazette. 12 August 1879.
  4. ^ "No. 25007". The London Gazette. 23 August 1881.
  5. ^ "No. 25970". The London Gazette. 3 September 1889.
  6. ^ "No. 26941". The London Gazette. 22 February 1898.
  7. ^ "No. 27074". The London Gazette. 25 April 1899.
  8. ^ "No. 27164". The London Gazette. 13 February 1900.
  9. ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901.
  10. ^ "No. 27546". The London Gazette. 24 April 1903.
  11. ^ "No. 27551". The London Gazette. 12 May 1903.
  12. ^ "No. 28024". The London Gazette. 24 May 1907.
  13. ^ "No. 28433". The London Gazette. 4 November 1910.
  14. ^ "No. 28600". The London Gazette. 19 April 1912.
  15. ^ "No. 28921". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 29 September 1914.
  16. ^ "No. 29048". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 22 January 1915.
  17. ^ "No. 29267". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 17 August 1915.
  18. ^ "No. 29341". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 26 October 1915.
  19. ^ Woodward, 1998, pp118-9
  20. ^ "No. 30129". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 12 June 1917.
  21. ^ a b "No. 32323". The London Gazette. 13 May 1921.
  22. ^ Brompton Cemetery List of notable occupants
  23. ^ "No. 29507". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 14 March 1916.
  24. ^ "No. 31097". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 31 December 1918.
  25. ^ "No. 29074". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 16 February 1915.
  26. ^ "No. 27926". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 26 June 1906.
  27. ^ "No. 31379". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 30 May 1919.
  28. ^ "No. 29290". The London Gazette. 10 September 1915.
  29. ^ "No. 31345". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 16 May 1919.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sir Charles Monro.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Charles Monro.
  • Crowley, Patrick. "Loyal to Empire: The Life of General Sir Charles Monro, 1860–1929", Stroud, United Kingdom: The History Press, 2016, ISBN 9780750965996
  • Woodward, David R. "Field Marshal Sir William Robertson", Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998, ISBN 0-275-95422-6
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Monro, Sir Charles Carmichael" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
Military offices
Preceded by General Officer Commanding the 2nd Division
August 1914 – December 1914 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GOC I Corps
December 1914 – July 1915 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
New creation
 Commander of the British Third Army
July 1915 – September 1915 		Succeeded by
Preceded by General Officer Commanding the British Troops in Egypt
October 1915 – January 1916 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
October 1915 – January 1916
Preceded by Commander of the British First Army
January 1916 – October 1916 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, India
1916–1920 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Colonel of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
1920–1929 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
B. T. L. Thomson
 Honorary Colonel of the 23rd London Regiment
1922–1928 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Governor of Gibraltar
1923–1928 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
New creation
 Baronet
(of Bearcrofts)
1920–1929 		Succeeded by
Extinct
Heraldic offices
Preceded by King of Arms of the Order of the Bath
1920–1929 		Succeeded by
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