Sodium bismuthate

Sodium bismuthate
	File:Sodium bismuthate, chemical formule.png; Idealized chemical formula of sodium bismuthate
	; Solid state structure
Names
	Other names Sodium bismuth oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12232-99-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.032.220
EC Number	235-455-6;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9065285 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Bi.Na.3O/q;+1;;;-1;
	SMILES [O-][Bi](=O)=O.[Na+];
Properties
Chemical formula	NaBiO3
Molar mass	279.97 g/mol
Appearance	Light brown powder
Density	6.50 g/cm3
Solubility in water	insoluble in cold, decomposes in hot water
Hazards
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	420 mg/kg (rat)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Sodium bismuthate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaBiO₃. It is a yellowish solid that is a strong oxidiser.^[1] It is not soluble in cold water, which is sometimes convenient since the reagent can be easily removed after the reaction. It is one of the few sodium salts that is insoluble in water. It is commercially available however commercial samples may be a mixture of bismuth(V) oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide.^[2]

Structure

Sodium bismuthate adopts an ilmenite structure, consisting of octahedral Bi⁵⁺ centers and Na⁺ centers. The average Bi-O distance is 2.116 Å. The ilmenite structure is related to the corundum structure (Al₂O₃) with a layer structure formed by close packed oxygen atoms with the two different cations, Na⁺ and Bi⁵⁺ alternating in octahedral sites.^[3]

Synthesis and reactions

Bismuth oxidizes to Bi(V) only with difficulty in the absence of alkali. For example, the simple oxide Bi₂O₅ remains poorly characterized. The preparation of this salt involves oxidizing a mixture of Bi₂O₃ and Na₂O with air (source of O₂):^[4]

Na₂O + O₂ + Bi₂O₃ → 2 NaBiO₃

The procedure is analogous to the preparation oxidation of manganese dioxide in alkali to give sodium manganate.

It oxidizes water, decomposing into bismuth(III) oxide and sodium hydroxide:

2 NaBiO₃ + H₂O → 2 NaOH + Bi₂O₃ + O₂

It is decomposed more rapidly by acids.

As a strong oxidizer, sodium bismuthate converts virtually any manganese compound to permanganate, which is easily assayed spectrophotometrically.^[4] It is also used for lab-scale separation of plutonium.

Vial of NaBiO₃.

References

^ "Sodium bismuthate". Mallinckrodt Baker. 06/19/07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Suzuki, Hitomi (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-444-20528-5.
^ Kumada, N.; Kinomura, N.; Sleight, A.W. (November 2000). "Neutron powder diffraction refinement of ilmenite-type bismuth oxides: ABiO3 (A = Na, Ag)". Materials Research Bulletin. 35 (14–15): 2397–2402. doi:10.1016/S0025-5408(00)00453-0. ISSN 0025-5408. – via ScienceDirect (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.)
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[1] "Sodium bismuthate". Mallinckrodt Baker. 06/19/07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Suzuki-2] Suzuki, Hitomi (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-444-20528-5.

[KumadaKinomura2000-3] Kumada, N.; Kinomura, N.; Sleight, A.W. (November 2000). "Neutron powder diffraction refinement of ilmenite-type bismuth oxides: ABiO3 (A = Na, Ag)". Materials Research Bulletin. 35 (14–15): 2397–2402. doi:10.1016/S0025-5408(00)00453-0. ISSN 0025-5408. – via ScienceDirect (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.)

[Green-4] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]