Talk:Body language/Archive 1

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Body Language is often used in Human Courtship between a Male and a Female.

Are we to assume, then, that flirtation does not occur between same-sex couples? --^pirate 23:25, 24 January 2006 (UTC) If you know about same sex couples add something - If not shh =) Catalyst?! (talk) 22:03, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

The page states:

For example, the tendency for people to raise their eyebrows as one approaches them fact-to-face is usually indicative of esteem. If you walk down the street and encounter someone you don't know then the chances are that neither of you will raise your eyebrows. If you recognise each other, however, even if you do not greet each another, then eyebrows will likely raise and lower. Of particular interest here in a work context is that if one is not rated highly by the other person then that person will not raise their eyebrows, even though one is recognised.

I think we need a formal reference for this claim - it is not a common, text-book finding, and it could turn out to be a bit of pop psychology. Does anyone know where it comes from? seglea 16:38, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The reference given for the above section was http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/bodylanguage.htm This is not an authoritative source, so I have removed the material from the article. Any claim of this sort needs to be based on a peer-reviewed social psychology research report, particularly in a field like body language where so much unreliable material has been circulated. seglea 06:08, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Agreed. Has anyone had a look at the Examples section as it stands at the time of my writing this? Anyone else believes it should either be authoritatively referenced or removed? As mentioned above, sounds like 100% pop culture.--81.42.163.244 02:40, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
seeing as this hasn't been fixed in 6 months, perhaps it's time to let the examples section go... Im gonna cull it in a few days if no references/reworking/rewriting appears Sparkleyone 14:17, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
Please dont, I consider it highly accurate and a source is Allan Pease' book "Body Language". But I dont have it here so I cant add it as a source. I assure you, the examples are ok, valid, nice, accurate etc etc... Althou the eyebrowns-thing is of little interest as we can say changes in facial expressions mean this and this blahblah... Foant 08:42, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
There have been three requests to reference this section now. Allan Pease is hardly authoritative in the scientific world, but if you want to put some of his examples in, make it clear that it is his opinion, or state the references he has used. As it is now, it is hearsay. It would be exactly the same as me saying "pointing your finger downwards means you like a person". It is unreferenced and not true. Referencing is not so hard to do. A simple search will reveal a reference for the Pease book if you want to add it, however it is little more then pop psychology, so be careful in your wording before claiming it all as fact. Sparkleyone 09:03, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
So the section stays if I add "According to Allan Pease in his "Body Language" book ..." ? Are there any scientific studies on the subject even to claim any sort of body language as fact? Foant 11:55, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
Well I for one would be happier with it, because at least it tells the reader where you got the info from, allows them to make their own opinion as to the truth of it, and states whose opinion/research it is. And yes, there are studies on body language, gesture and flirting, you would need to read some social psychology stuff, it would be a bit of work but starting with a google scholar search would be helpful. See Wiki's verifiability policy here Sparkleyone 02:16, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
This was last discussed over a month ago. Since then, no action has been taken to properly reference the information contained in the examples section, and indeed the aforementioned reference for this section seems none too credible. Therefore, I am going to remove the section entirely. If, at a later date, there is more evidence supporting these examples, the section should be re-added with appropriate references and citations. Atellus 23:45, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Involuntary body language?

Well, the 'voluntary body language' section does lead on to it, so I will create a basi frame for this section with a tiny clip of information. Anser 4 July 2005 11:58 (UTC)

  • If that is termed "nonverbal leakage" then there is plenty of GHits out there to expand this subtopic. Exit2DOS2000•T•C• 10:06, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

too short

This is redicoulus, is this an encyclopedia or what? What kind of encylcopedia have this little information of something as common and universal as body language? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.8.148.20 (talk) 18:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Improvement drive

Flirting is currently listed to be improved on WP:IDRIVE. You can vote to support the article if you are interested.--Fenice 09:45, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Adds

I improved the article, it sounds better now. Charles-gr

again..

added some infos.

i have removed those

  • Defensive: Crossing of arms is often considered to be a defensive, closed posture.
  • Superiority: hands clasped behind the head

because i took them from a website which i added it as an external link, but it was removed bcause it had no refrence, so the information could not be added too as its unrefrecned

www.2knowmyself.com/body_language/learn_body_language

Disputes

See above for my problem with this article. I fixed various errors such as:

  • Capitalisation of "Human Courtship".
  • Reworded the first sentence to include a general statement in reference to human courtship rather than an explicitly Male-Female relationship; I think this is a little close-minded.
  • I've placed the cleanup template on the top of the page: it needs revision.
  • I've removed that ridiculously long quote from Desmond Morris; it's not part of this article anyway, and simply cannot be justified. Also, I removed the latter part of the Desmond Morris stuff, it was just too long and jumbly. Even as it stands it doesn't seem to contribute much to the argument and I would suggest deletion of the entire thing, simply leaving a link to Flirting under the See Also page.

The problem with this article is an odd one; the top half is very informative and useful, but it begins to taper off with useless information that is in parts horribly written. I've added the tags to the top of the page because of these reasons. It's an interesting topic, but really needs attention due to the mishmash of content. Hope you can help out, guys. In particular, you should head for:

  • The 'Importance of body language in groups' header.
  • 'Examples', which also needs rewording.
--^pirate 23:40, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
Examples has been culled due to lack of verifiable sources. If credible sources can be found, then by all means someone should re-add examples with appropriate references. Atellus 23:51, 9 March 2006 (UTC)


"Some species of humans such as islamic people are especially adept at detecting human body language, both voluntary and involuntary"

Don't even know where to start with this sentence. Muslims are apparently a sub-species of human, 'Islamic' isn't capitalized anyway, and where's the source?

Comment

  • Looking at the floor and shaking his head *

As important as body language is throughout the world, this article is barely a preface. It is a patchwork and desperately needs someone to come along with adequate experience to outline the scope of the subject ... then it might fall together more coherently.

Agreed. I will tag the article as needing an expert. Atellus 23:45, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Understanding Body Language

Could this section please be rewritten?

I reworded the sentences, so hopefully it should sound more formal. Slur 12:51, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

External link

i wonder!!, why is that link removed, its the most detialed one i have ever seen on the web!!!

www.2knowmyself.com/body_language/learn_body_language

i want your opinion —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 57.250.231.247 (talk)

The site doesn't have any provenance - and the disclaimer at the bottom of the page makes it clear that the site isn't even prepared to stand behind the information it provides in even the most basic sense. There's no indication of where they information came from and what cultural point of view it takes. It's not a site that is well known or cited by experts in the subject. The site is poorly designed and covered in advertising. Our guidelines are clear that we should have high standards for external links. Any of these things individually could make it an unsuitable link for Wikipedia, all of them together makes it a very poor site for us to be directing our readers to. --Siobhan Hansa 00:14, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

hey i visited that one, probably the most detailed website on the internet on body language, i dont find the design that bad —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 57.250.231.247 (talk • contribs).

Autism

You can tell from the brevity of this article (and especially the lack of examples) that there are many Autists/Aspergers on Wikipedia who really don't have a clue as to what body language is about :) I added a hint in the "Understanding Body Language" section, however, to warn NT readers that this whole thing is not as universal as they might believe. -- wr 14-dec-2006 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 217.235.209.10 (talk)

hey , you are totaly right, and whats funny is, websites like the one mentioned in the above section is removed from external links:D —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 57.250.231.247 (talk)

The brevity and lack of verified information shows there are few experts on the area who edit here, and not too many people who treat the article as a place to post their pet theories. (And adding in external links to further unverified information doesn't do anything at all to further a mission to build a GFDL encyclopedia - hence the deletion).
A reliable source for the assertion about Aspergers/autism folks using body language differently would be good. We might even be able to expand on it. --Siobhan Hansa 22:24, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Possible reference

This:

Was added to the article in the references section, but it was added without anything being added to the article content and from an anon IP with no other edits so it's not clear what it's supposed to reference. Not sure how reliable a source it is. The website caims to be for the Center for Nonverbal Communication, a nonprofit run by the author of the article. It also has a bio of givens which sounds like he's authoritative enough as a source. But, after an admittedly brief look,I can't find citations of his work or anything that backs up the status of the Center for Nonverbal Communication. Could just as easily be a consultant as an academic. Others are welcome to investigate further. it would be nice to get some good sources in this article. -- Siobhan Hansa 17:21, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Latin and Germanic body language

I recently read somewhere, I think it was in new scientist but I haven't been able to relocate it, that there are two main differences between speakers of the "latin language group" and the "germanic language group". 1. Most people seem to believe that the southeners use more hand-gestures, but that is false, they use the same anount of gestures as northeners. The difference is that southeners use their elbows more, i.e. their gestures take up more space. 2. Latins and Germanics differ in what type of words they use the hands to emphasise; in the phrase "the spider climbed upp the ladder" one group will use a gesture at "upp", and the other at "climbed" (or something like that). This can be used to determine the precise moment when a language student has actually started thinking in a new language. (yeah sounds weird, but thats prety much what the text said; I'd love to know what mechanism is in play, wether it is body language picked up from the language teachers or something more fundamental in the structure of the language)--Stor stark7 Talk 19:10, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

May lead to a child...

"Sexual desire can be indicated when a female crosses her legs towards a male she wants to fufill her biological urges to reproduce. This can especially be seen at parties involving alcohol and may even lead to a child. See Sex. "

I find it strange the "may lead to a child" part is included, I don’t think that you can reasonably make the connection of crossing your legs and then children. In my opinion, it should be subject to deletion. I won't delete it myself, not yet atleast. I want to wait and see what other people think.KellanFabjance (talk) 16:35, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Recent content addition

I have concerns about this recent addition. Specifically that it is written as a self-help manual which Wikipedia isn't; the focus on dating is inappropriate; and it appears to present culturally specific norms as though they were universal rules. It also has no appropriate references as verification. With good sources I could probably work on the language issues to make it more of an article, but is there more that can be added to it to make it seem like less of a dating manual? -- SiobhanHansa 03:45, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

I noticed it too, and have the same concerns. Unfortunately I don't have anything in the way of a solution. Or rather, I don't have data or sources to aid in the solution. --Scandalous (talk) 08:28, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Is the Rule of Four a subsection of the Female Interest section? Maybe you could format the font or indent that section so it looks like those two are related? 216.255.101.58 (talk) 20:23, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

"File:Body Language.svg is incomplete - full image does not show"

The image "File:Body Language.svg" has missing words as if there is a white box in the top right corner covering text. I added rthe "cleanup" tag to the article. Maybe someone can find the whole image to post here instead. Jlitz77 (talk) 04:26, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Edward T. Hall

Reference to Mr. Hall's book, _The Silent Language_, might help make this entry more precise. 128.147.28.1 (talk) 21:46, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Dominance

I have a serious problem with the following section ... I believe that it is basing the term Power touch on a WP:Neologism made up by Peter Collett, the Guardian Reporter.

The best real reference I can find doing a Gsearch for a Power touch is this one. Is anyone able to find a Citation that matches the one used by the Reporter? ---

  1. ^ Peter Collett (3 April 2009), The 'power touch' of Barack Obama at the G20 summit, The Guardian

Exit2DOS2000•T•C• 03:56, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Body language of narcissists

I think that would be worth a section. --Penbat (talk) 17:55, 23 November 2010 (UTC)


"This sounds like someone's made-up theories"

This article is less-than-useless, perhaps problem-causing in its current state. "Unfocused eyes can mean either boredom or ocular problems"!? Someone just wrote this stuff off the top of their head. Nothing should be in this article unless there are references to research. 165.123.227.183 (talk) 03:14, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Mm, and one of the sources is a *blog*!!!84.202.26.143 (talk) 21:04, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

There's little evidence/sources to use, but if there were ZERO sources in the world, would you say it's wrong to write "a smile typically indicates a positive feeling"? This whole page is butchered, I wish I could fix it but can't, and the FACS folk ("facial action coding system", which iirc was NOT very objective) will just re-write it this way until there's *real* stuff to cite, so I think cleanup is all that can really be done. Don't think it should be deleted though.

For example, I just 'cut' the following out of this trainwreck because it's completely inaccurate/unsourced: "There is no foolproof way to "read" someone. For instance, given how many non-verbal cues we give while speaking vs. how many our brain can actually interpret while listening, humans can only hope to catch lies by "reading" body language with 50% accuracy[citation needed]." It reads like they're saying humans can "hope" to catch cues 50% of the time, but I'm pretty sure they meant to say (from what I've read - I imagine they read the same thing as well) people generally either can, or cannot, "read" someone. It's not really a "learnable" skillset, not on the "human lie detector" level. I'm not sure where to begin finding it, but there IS some study/review/experiment in which, iirc, they had a setup with a video of people saying a statement, it was the test subject deciding if it was true/false. The finding was that a very small subset of humans has an ability to do better than 50/50, however most people got 50%, and those who couldn't really beat 50% aren't going to, it's not really "learnable" I guess (and can kind of understand why it's more akin to "charisma" than "knowledge", in terms of 'type' of capability/etc). I wish I recall what the people who could 'read cues' got, because -iirc again- the people who could all hit about the same % of "positives" when guessing. SangerRainsford (talk) 00:58, 27 February 2011 (UTC)

I found plenty of independent research papers that confirm many of the statements made in this article. There are also a lot of interesting findings by Hess & Polt, 1960, 1964; Hess, Seltzer, & Shlien, 1965 that i found about pupil dilation and interest level. These findings specifically relate to this body language article and women. On a side note, there are also many Evolutionary Psychology papers that evaluate Hess' findings from a different angle while exploring body language from an evolutionary perspective. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.65.132.194 (talk) 09:41, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

This just mumbo-jumbo

This article should be reduced to a stub until someone with enough time and knowledge can produce a properly referenced version. NBeddoe (talk) 09:40, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

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About Sign Language

I wonder, since sign language is processed by the eyes (and not by the ears like in verbal language) and body language is defined as non-verbal communication (and sign language is non-verbal communication) doesn't this mean that sign language is a form of body language? I ask because, in the "sign language" article, it is nor clear if sign language is body language. Alusky (talk) 04:37, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

I will be adding some information about eyes, arms and legs/feet signals in body language. Just want to make sure everyone knows!Gdiblasio (talk) 16:41, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

Today I uploaded information about different signals of body language pertaining to different parts of the body. I also added some more general information to the top of the page. Gdiblasio (talk) 17:48, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Request for Deletion

I'd like to support the comments here that point to some of the fundamental flaws of this article, add some more and ask for the article's deletion and redirection to paralinguistics.

  1. The article seems no more than the popular(ist) term for paralinguistics. It should therefore be redirected as it has no independent merit. I cannot see anyhing in it that would benefit from mergeing into other articles on wiki.
  2. The references given here are to: a study kit by a Dr. Isa N. Engleberg http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ienglebe/ (3/9) perhaps from a study course at the community college where she may work; a low budget US crime TV series (1/9); a newspaper article I could not retrieve (1/9); aa teach yourself book (1/9); a radio program on mathematics that I did not run (1/9); a popularist blog post (1/9); and to a book on Proxemics (1/9). They seem hopelessly inadequate to justify an independent entry here.
  3. the article itself seems to me to consist only of a collection of opinions and misstatements arranged to give the semblance of an encyclopaedic article. At best it is a collection of sub-articles eg Proxemics


LookingGlass (talk) 08:47, 18 March 2012 (UTC)


I also think that this article is horribly referenced and does seem to just throw around popular conceptions. I noticed that the article is under several hubs: sociology and psychology mainly but is body language studied in either of those often? I would imagine that biologists would be more likely to do some research of this kind than sociologists. 98.239.225.26 (talk) 12:31, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

A Few Suggestions

This article requires some correction to the spelling and grammar. There are several incidences in which words are repeated and sentence structure is flawed. This makes the article slightly confusing at times and difficult to read. A lot of this article seems to be made up of baseless facts or assumptions without very many citations to back them up. This should definitely be amended. Rachaelallen91 (talk) 03:05, 29 September 2013 (UTC)


I attempted to clear up the Arms section which included run-on sentences, awkward phrasing, and grammatical errors. I then proceeded to read the rest of the page. It was then that I realized that the entire article is just a steaming load filled with errors including everything mentioned before. This article either needs an entire re-write, or should just be deleted as most of this information doesn't seem to be very reliable at all. Smortypi (talk) 03:26, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Removed sections on particular body parts

This problem was mentioned a couple times in previous discussions, but most are kind of old. I just removed sections on Eyes, Arms, and Legs and Feet. Each had some issues with WP:TONE, but more importantly each rested on a single source. I don't have the books to know whether there are copyvio issues, but assuming good faith in that regard there's another glaring problem: This is an incredibly broad subject for which a single perspective via a single book fails to provide balance or a neutral point of view, let alone an encyclopedic treatment which brings together broad knowledge of a subject. I'd welcome anybody adding it back in, but please turn it into an article and add sources if you do so, rather than list bulletpoints of body language details lifted from a single book. --— Rhododendrites talk |  20:48, 18 January 2014 (UTC)

I thank you for this editing which has been long overdue. — | Gareth Griffith-Jones |The WelshBuzzard| — 11:37, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

Image

I suggest that another image be placed on the Body Language article; one that show's how the person is feeling, such as a chess player in deep thought or a poker player who shows his tell.Anguish523 (talk) 15:18, 25 February 2014 (UTC)

"Article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject"

I added the "globalize" tag: "The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject." Body language varies a lot from one culture to another. -- 201.17.36.246 (talk) 22:44, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

  • I came to this article specifically to find out if common body language in western cultures is interpreted the same way in the middle and far eastern cultures, only to find that there is no information whatsoever relating to this, so I second that. Beeblebrox (talk) 01:57, 25 January 2009 (UTC)


I also think that it is also necessary to add a worldwide perspective for the body language article. Anguish523 (talk) 20:59, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

Re-write

Hi, we are a group of 4 students who will be improving this page as part of a university project. Looking at the current state of the article and the feedback, we think many changes can be made to this article. We intend to clean up the format as well as balance it to make it a more holistic article on body language. Expect us to make changes over the next few weeks.

This is our new proposed contents page:

Contents


1. Body Language

1.1 Physical Movement

  • Facial expressions
  • Postures
  • Gestures
  • Handshakes
  • Others

1.2 Oculesics

  • Eye contact

1.3 Haptics

1.4 Proxemics

  • Body spacing

1.5 Other types

2. Cultural differences

3. Applications of body language

3.1 Instructional learning

3.2 Detecting deceit

3.3 Substitutional (with regards to Aphasia and aiding speech)

4. Kinesics 


— Preceding unsigned comment added by Jchanbj (talk • contribs) 03:17, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Brief Review

My students revised this page for a course (HG2052: Language, Technology and the Internet) and I am adding a couple of comments as part of the final review. Francis Bond (talk) 04:05, 15 November 2014 (UTC)

  • I think the page has been greatly improved, with solid referencing and a much more coherent structure.
  • The writing was a little choppy, with many short paragraphs, so it is still not easy to read
  • It is verifiable, neutral, broad and stable
  • It would be good to have more images: body language is very visual
  • It may make sense to merge this page with Kinesics — there is a great deal of overlap

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Nomination of Donald Trump's handshakes for deletion

A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Donald Trump's handshakes is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Allan Pease

Allan Pease popularised the term body language in his 1981 book of the same name, [avaxhome.unblocker.xyz/ebooks/allan_pease_body_language_1984_2004.html] [1] and may even have coined the term.

It's a while since I read the book and I don't currently have a copy but it seems the original is in print (reprinted many times by various publishers, 2014 perhaps the most recent) and available on Kindle. [2]

The 1981 book is not to be confused with The Definitive Book of Body Language which Pease more recently co-authored with his wife Barbara [3] or with its many re-issues over the years. Andrewa (talk) 04:57, 31 July 2017 (UTC)

The 1981 book is available as a PDF online. In the introduction Pease acknowledges the term to have been given to him ten years previously at a seminar that he does not identify, but he does cite the work of "Professor Ray Birdwhistell at the University of Louisville" as having been cited there.

Despite some comments to the contrary online, there is an extensive bibliography. It is in many ways a remarkably scholarly work. Andrewa (talk) 09:50, 31 July 2017 (UTC)

History of the term "Body Language"

Wondering when "body language" entered the popular lexicon, in favor of "kinesics". A bit of OR here, so hopefully someone with more background could add properly-sourced material to the article. I ran a Google Ngram search for body language, which suggests that the phrase showed up in the late 1960s: n-gram view The only web document indexed by google from 1800–1977 is this 1970 NY Times article: The Way We Speak ‘Body Language’. There's also a listing for the original (1970) edition of Julius Fast's Body Language. Did Julius Fast coin the term? --Theodore Kloba (talk) 20:39, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

Any Advice?

Since I attended the 5 years of school leading to my "GCE Advances Level" my self-esteem fell down to one of the lowest points of my life. I had also attended presentation, communication and team building courses in school that were mandatory and 2 1 year after school even a "NLP"-like course but it never had influence on my body languge. The critics that came from class mates in their late teens/young adults were even the same (just other words) that I go from people in their 40s/50s When I visited the NLP-like course. Example: "your moving your hands like a robot" or "you act like a doll". And the years that came afterwards were horrible because every job interview was more of a nightmare than any oral exam in school. It was like I was doing presentations like in school again were all gets watched by a magnifying glass (just that the critics would be less or not spoken out =>what had ofcourse the down side that I didnt get the job I wanted most of the time). I gradudated nearly 8 years ago. The problems dont go away. I did get mobbed in my school time, but I dont think that is the issue behind everything. I visited psychologists in my school time. It was useless since they couldnt understand my problems. I was just a pupil not an regular adult you know.

So how can people improve their body language when they still want to act natural? Im a person that doesnt look people often in the face and my handshakes are more soft than arm-wrestling style. Its just because Im cautious. Please dont say visit a psychologist, Im gonna ignore just an option. Since I wouldnt even know where to start and Im thick of talking about why my live is crap or why I dont like myself. Also its waste of time, I want to SEE RESULTS not pay money for useless courses, team building stuff. If I was japanese nobody would give a sh**, but in the Western world looking people in the face all of the time like you are in love and arm-wrestling like handshakes are a huge think and also moving your hands like a poltician or manager while speaking. But I got nearly 0% body language. Only the body language that tells people Im nervous or unsure of myself.

Quesiton 2: Anyway I can intervene in any jobinterview regarding my body language "weekness". The problem is nobody will believe what Im saying even if it is 100% the truth with that week body language. So thats why I want to know if I can do anything that helps persuade somebody to believe what Im saying and not being like "hes lieing because body language says so...".

Thanks for any honestly meant ideas. Btw here is an arcticle where the fact that bullies dont have low-self esteem all the time is mentioned [4] I knew that already but just saying since I think bullies should see a psychologist not the bullying victims. Why? Because the "nice" people besides maybe week body language or being introvert dont cause pain. But Bullies do! Just saying because body language and low-self esteem are often in some kind of way connected. --80.110.113.134 (talk) 01:03, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Request for cleanup

A number of the sources used in this article are heavily biased blogs which promote 'body language training courses'. This article needs more references from impartial, scientific studies to avoid the peddling of pseudoscience or misinformation. MrEarlGray (talk) 13:03, 23 July 2021 (UTC)

"Pinocchio Syndrome" listed at Redirects for discussion

A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Pinocchio Syndrome. The discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 August 4#Pinocchio Syndrome until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Gaioa (T C L) 15:16, 4 August 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Raqwedajones.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:02, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 April 2020 and 20 July 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Liv venema Psychology_(Spring), Luk3lam.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:12, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Happiness .... looking down?????

Can't be correct — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.151.210.84 (talk) 12:17, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Fixed. Changed to 'up'. RickyBennison (talk) 19:51, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

Money

A gril need money or els love 175.100.133.206 (talk) 03:31, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

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