Talk:Stairway to Heaven/Archive 2

Archive 1

Archive 2

Archive 3

Neutrality (backwards masking)

I don't believe the back masking section is neutral. Specifically more rebuttal needs to be placed in it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.134.95.103 (talk) 23:00, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

I think the comments from the sound engineer and the band put this (non-)issue into exactly the right context, and I'm wondering how much more rebuttal is required? Even if they are reported to have denied it 1000 times, it's still the same denial, and it would be unhelpful to report them all, or indeed, more than we have already. Unless you can come up with something more concrete, I propose that this tag is removed, but I will leave it there to give you an opportunity to do so. Rodhullandemu 23:06, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

I agree with removing the tag. The article doesn't say there were hidden messages, only that people "claimed" there were hidden messages, which they did. Those claims were denied by the record company, a recording engineer and the lyricist/singer, what more can be added? Piriczki (talk) 14:15, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

Totally in agreement. The article is almost completely neutral. remove the banner soon unless 70.134.95.103 wishes to expand on the reasons for lack of neutrality.

Having read the section, there are a few bits I'm not happy with. The use of "some" in the first line is a bit of a weasel word. I went to the backmasking page and stole some text (and didn't do it well as I'm a bit tired) and punched it roughly into the section to produce the following. It would need cleaning up and refs adding from the page. Anyway, any comments?

---------------------------------------------------

In 1981, Christian DJ Michael Mills began stating on Christian radio programs that Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" contained hidden messages that were heard by the subconscious. Allegations of demonic backward masking. were also made by social psychologists, parents, and critics of rock music, as well as the Parents Music Resource Center (formed in 1985), which accused Led Zeppelin of using backmasking to promote Satanism On the April 28, 1982 edition of the CBS Evening News, Dan Rather discussed the finding of possible backmasked messages, and played reversed sections of songs by Led Zeppelin, Electric Light Orchestra and Styx.

In 1982, the Consumer Protection and Toxic Materials Committee of the California State Assembly held a hearing on backward masking in popular music, during which "Stairway to Heaven" was played backwards. During the hearing, William Yarroll, a self-described "neuroscientific researcher", claimed that backward messages could be deciphered by the human brain.

The web page for Alabama group Dial-the-Truth Ministries argues for the existence of Satanic backmasking in "Stairway to Heaven", saying that the song contains the backward message, "It's my sweet Satan ... Oh I will sing because I live with Satan."

The alleged message, which occurs during the middle section of the song ("If there's a bustle in your hedgerow, don't be alarmed now...") when played backwards, was purported to contain the Satanic references "Here's to my sweet Satan" and "I sing because I live with Satan".

Various versions of the alleged message exist. One such interpretation reads:

Oh here's to my sweet Satan.
The one whose little path would make me sad, whose power is Satan.
He will give those with him 666.
There was a little tool shed where he made us suffer, sad Satan.

The band itself has for the most part ignored such claims; in response to the allegations, Swan Song Records issued the statement: "Our turntables only play in one direction—forwards". Led Zeppelin audio engineer Eddie Kramer called the allegations "totally and utterly ridiculous. Why would they want to spend so much studio time doing something so dumb?" Robert Plant expressed frustration with the accusations in a 1983 interview in Musician magazine: "To me it's very sad, because 'Stairway to Heaven' was written with every best intention, and as far as reversing tapes and putting messages on the end, that's not my idea of making music." --Candy (talk) 09:57, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Candy: It would be nice if we could get some of the other versions you mention , for comparison. Similarly, what does the song sound like backwards without any "backmasking"? Would we here the same message? Spiker 22 (talk) 22:41, 4 June 2010 (UTC) spiker_22

Spiker_22: You can find them for yourself. I'm not able to be a gopher for what your are referring to. As to backmasking and backwards they sound the same. Backmasking implies that there is a deliberate hidden message. Backwards the song sounds like, "gyusus shgai whurwhur sjios ssssheeiaia qipoz". To some one who claims it's backmasking it sounds like, "Kill everyone and suck their blood vampire king".

Seriously, wither you haven't followed the links or you are trying a wind up. Play the songs backwards yourself if you want to see if this is true.

Candy (talk) 00:58, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

---------------------------------------------------

I had rewritten much of this section some time ago so perhaps I can illuminate some things here. I agree "some" is a weasel word but it was used only because there were a number of evangelists making these claims but none necessarily seemed any more prominent or authoritive than the others and the original "discoverer" of these various hidden messages is unclear, if not unknown. I had removed mention of specific people, such as Michael Mills, because it was apparent they were just one of many making the claims with no particular notability.

As for expanding this section, my concern is that it would give undo weight to the subject. One must remember, "Stairway to Heaven" was one of many rock songs included in these allegations of hidden messages that purportedly promoted drug use, promiscuity and Satanism. "Stairway" was probably just the most well known song and therefore garnered more attention.

As for the CBS Evening News report, the date is the same as the Los Angeles Times report referenced for the California State Assembly hearings so it is likely about that same subject which is already covered in the article. I see no reason to mention every media report about the hearings.

Finally, I don't think any latter day web sites rehashing these claims are noteworthy. I suppose someone will always want to revive these allegations from time to time but it will always be nothing more than "a headline in search of a story." Piriczki (talk) 14:51, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Hi Pirizcki. I agree with what you are saying, It makes sense. I hadn't researched the history of backmasking very much. (I do remember when it was first raised we played our turntables backwards but most of what we heard tended to be "hrumff him hum grogh ug org goff" .) However I think we should remove "some". It's very unwiki-like. What about including when this was first brought up/raised and then shoving the onus on more investigation/information onto the backmasking wiki section? It was probably close to waht it was before but I'm not fully happy with what was there.

Agreed. Unless someone can come up with a reliable source for this nonsense, it is unworthy of mention. Rodhullandemu 01:03, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

The concerns raised above have since been addressed but one further step might be to remove the block quote following "Various versions of the alleged message exist. One such interpretation reads..." The quote being one of various interpretations only emphasizes its speculative nature and the web site cited probably doesn't meet WP:RS. Piriczki (talk) 14:30, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

Tick, tick, tick. Suggest give it 5 more days from today and if there is no objection remove the "neutrality" sticker? --Candy (talk) 23:35, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

I tried to tighten up the language and added specifics to eliminate the weasel word. More could be added but it would be more about backward masking in general not necessarily "Stairway" in particular. Piriczki (talk) 18:53, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Over a month later and no interested editors or visitors have objected to my removal of the POV neutrality banner. Hence, it is now depixelated.... --Candy (talk) 18:27, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

References

I apologize, I don't know how to edit in Wikipedia, I do know about the backmasking topic though. The reason why the zeppelin backmasking drew so much attention is because it was not backmasking. The track is clearly understandable frontwards and backwards, and can not be a studio trick, because anything played backwards sounds unintelligible. Either he used an uncanny word syllable manipulation ability when singing or as the preachers said, it was supernatural. You should include a link to audio or video of the reversed message and let people make up their own mind. 75.90.119.128 (talk) — Preceding incompletely signed comment added 03:36, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

Covers

There could be more covers added to the list, but how do you decide which ones are "notable"? For example, is Pat Boone's version notable (on In a Metal Mood)? What about Ann Wilson's (on British Rock Symphony)? Alexbook (talk) 15:34, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

The word "notable" as used in WP is totally subjective and arbitrary. It should be abolished.

If this song was recorded by the Chipmunks, or the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, or John Ashcroft, then fine. There should be a subarticle that lists them all, without the application of this ridiculous "notable" filter.

Varlaam (talk) 18:11, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Genre

Is this really classic rock? It starts more like soft rock, or folk rock, goes into classic rock and ends in the mood of hard rock / heavy metal... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.108.249.67 (talk) 13:14, 9 April 2010 (UTC)

The album's cover art has been, "covered" in a spoof: The "Stairway to Heapdom" album by "Click and Clack" of National Public Radio's "Car Talk" program. Does anyone think that is worth a mention? Dfdeboer (talk) 05:25, 20 March 2013 (UTC)

References

I don't think the opening includes panflutes.

I remember reading several articles that said they used recorders, not panflutes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.8.52.26 (talk) 18:49, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Actually, Jonesy contributes string section, keyboards, flutes, and also wooden (not plastic) recorders that are being used on the song intro if you clearly notice. Cheers. Scieberking (talk) 18:52, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Old religious image of stairway to heaven...

Church of Madonna di Campagna, Verbania, Piedmont, Italy

AnonMoos (talk) 18:25, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

And this from the Church of Satanism...!? :-P Scieberking (talk) 18:57, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

And there is the traditional architectural and artistic theme called Jacob's Ladder.

Satanism, no one gives a damn except Jimmy Page.

Varlaam (talk) 18:16, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Archives

Archived discussions

Why don't archives appear the standard way? Varlaam (talk) 18:20, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Singles chart

The table seems to be ordered randomly. It should have an order. How about alphabetical? Varlaam (talk) 18:05, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Good idea. You can arrange it in an alphabetical order. Cheers. Scieberking (talk) 19:17, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Writing section

An article in the Independent on 7th April 2012 reproduces a rumor that Stairway was written after the Church of Scientology tried to get the band to join. Marty Rathbun, ex-Scientologist, told the newspaper "There's an old rumour, from the 1970s, that Yvonne Jentzsch, who founded the Church's Celebrity Centre, tried to convert Led Zeppelin," he says. "The band got the sales pitch, and didn't buy, but later wrote "Stairway to Heaven" about Scientology. If that's true – and I'm not saying it is – I'd have to agree with Led Zeppelin. Scientology has become a stairway to heaven."

Is this claim worthy of a mention? Is there any evidence to support Marty Rathbun's story? We have a national newspaper that has chosen to reproduce the story, so a citation is possible, but that's about all.--Singe onion (talk) 07:00, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

At best the source only confirms there was a rumor, and that is based on the recollection of just one person. The other version is that the Scientology connection came from the Incredible String Band. I think the whole thing is a little too light on details to be included and seems kind of speculative anyway. Piriczki (talk) 13:29, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

Fair enough. Thanks for reading and commenting.--Singe onion (talk) 11:00, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

Please add Stanley Jordon, Jazz (Greatest Hits) to cover. tony york — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tonyyork30 (talk • contribs) 02:04, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

Dread Zeppelin's version

Doesn't get a reference? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.32.55.200 (talk) 10:32, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Jimmy Page tells BBC how they wrote it

In case it's useful for verifying this article's claims, on 10 October 2014 the BBC published Jimmy Page's account of how they made Stairway to Heaven here, with their YouTube video here. One minor point I noticed is that the final line has "buying the stairway" and not "buying a stairway" as this article has it. I have not found a lyrics source that gets the lyrics 100% right, but rock.genius and guitarfasttrack both have the last line right. -84user (talk) 19:54, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

Folk melody?

What's the "folk melody" at the start? Shouldn't the article say? Paul Magnussen (talk) 19:06, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

I think "folk melody" is a reference to style, not to a particular song. The wikilink on the word "folk" takes the reader to a page talking about the style. Bob Caldwell CSL (talk) 19:15, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

That might be a melody in a folk style (I have my doubts). But that does that really justify a genre of "folk rock"? What exactly does the Cramer (2009) source actually give? Martinevans123 (talk) 18:30, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

There are two issues confused here. It is one thing to say that the intro is reminiscent of folk melodies and another to classify it as a folk-rock song. I would agree with the former and disagree with the latter. Bob Caldwell CSL (talk) 18:42, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

Folk rock genre

Is the genre of "folk rock" justified? What exactly does the Cramer (2009) source actually give? Martinevans123 (talk) 18:46, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

I would say it is not justified and would support the removal of the "folk rock" category. Bob Caldwell CSL (talk) 13:38, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

I cannot see what the Cramer source says, but in The North American Folk Music Revival, Welsh historian Gillian Mitchell says, "Led Zeppelin's most famous song, the evocative 'Stairway to Heaven', used recorders to create a folk sound and was allegedly inspired by the works of fantasy writer J.R.R. Tolkien."[1] Billboard magazine published a story in '72 titled "English Folk Artists", and in the final paragraph they say that Led Zeppelin has been "revived, transformed" by traditional elements of English folk, exemplified by "Stairway to Heaven".[2] The Oxford University book Rock: A Canadian Perspective, says that Zep demonstrated "an interest in folk music, particularly the traditions of the British Isles." The book continues by giving "Stairway" as a prime example, ending by saying "For many fans in Zeppelin's audience, the combination of rock physicality and folk mysticism in 'Stairway to Heaven' created something akin to a sacred experience." In the young adult book Led Zeppelin: Legendary Rock Band, author Michael A. Schuman says, "While some tracks on the fourth album are folk and others are rock, “Stairway to Heaven” blends the two genres." ISBN 9780766030268. So there's a fairly wide acknowledgement of the folk influence shown by this song. Binksternet (talk) 18:31, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Thanks Binksternet, for that thorough research. That all seems support enough for the "folk Style" for the recorder passage (even though I've always thought of it as "courtly/ medieval"). But do you think this means the entire song can be called "folk rock"? Maybe Canadians think this a convincing "combination", I'm still not sure that justifies that genre in the info box. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:05, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

"Folk rock" is traditionally understood to be an American phenomenon, basically using electric instruments for American folk music. The folk music elements of "Strairway to Heaven," especially the recorders, comes from British folk music which is somewhat different than American folk. I think this is why some of us have a problem with applying this category to "Stairway." It doesn't match the common definition of "folk rock." The article for Fairport Convention lists a category "Electric folk"* which covers the British version of using electric instruments to present English folk music. Since the "electric folk" category exists, perhaps it would be a better representation of what's going on in "Stairway." What do you think? Bob Caldwell CSL (talk) 20:16, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Slightly better but still rather sceptical. I mean, maybe the genres can apply to elements within songs, but the song as a whole strikes me as firmly "hard rock". I'd be tempted to say "Classic rock", but this seems to be a "radio format" not a genre. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:33, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

• Now British folk rock SilkTork (talk) 14:43, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

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KBOO

The article says that community radio station KBOO once promised that they would never play "Stairway to Heaven" again if they received a $10,000 donation, which Robert Plant contributed. But why would a station whose "mission is to serve groups in its listening area who are underrepresented on other local radio stations and to provide access to the airwaves for people who have unconventional or controversial tastes and points of view" have ever played one of the biggest hits in the history of album-oriented rock and classic rock in the first place? It seems possible to me that the station was partially making a joke, promising not to play a song that they wouldn't have wanted to play anyway. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 00:09, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

Actually, Plant said they would never play "Stairway to Heaven", not that they would never play it again. It was probably more along the lines of the typical NPR or PBS type of pitch where they say if you want us to continue our type of programming (i.e. not playing "Stairway to Heaven") please send us your pledge. That paragraph presents a very exaggerated version of this story and needs to be rewritten. Piriczki (talk) 14:14, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

Thanks, your edit was an improvement. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:07, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

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popular culture

dont want to add things to the main page cos ... well id do it wrong and probably annoy people thought the BAD NEWS TOUR(comic strip presents channel 4 uk) quote would be good to add "Vim Fuego: I could play "Stairway To Heaven" when I was 12. Jimmy Page didn't actually write it until he was 22. I think that says quite a lot. "2.24.132.235 (talk) 16:50, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

To me, that quote doesn't look so important to the topic. Binksternet (talk) 17:07, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

The Intro...some similarities.

I would like to add that the intro part also bears some resemblance to Italian composer Giovanni Battista Granata's "Sonata di Chittarra, e Violino, con il suo Basso Continuo". The "Stairway" intro appears to be a combination of the bass line on "Taurus" plus the lead melody on Granata's piece from the 17th century. Do a search on Youtube for 'origin of stairway to heaven' and you'll find it. Listen closely at around the 0:32 mark.

There's also a song by Slade called "Dapple Rose" from the album Play It Loud on which the verse uses the same descending chord progression. This one was released before "Stairway" in 1970.

Another example is the verse on Johnny River's "Summer Rain" from 1967 and of course, the Beatles had already tried something similar on "Michelle".

I know there's another song from the period '65-'69 by a British-Invasion band that has a similar intro played on an harpsichord. The problem? I just forgot who the heck played AND the name of the song! Can anyone help? The Action? The Attack? The Creation? The Herd? Timebox? Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich? The Hollies? The Nice? Small Faces? The Animals? Thundercalp Newman? Traffic? Spencer Davis Group? The Yardbirds? The Kinks? Chapa1985 (talk) 21:56, 14 March 2016 (UTC)

@Chapa1985: Do you have a third party reliable reference that supports your theory ? Otherwise it's original research, which is not allowed. Mlpearc (open channel) 17:18, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

I don't really have a third party reliable reference. The research is not exactly original though since a person did the Youtube video I mentioned above on the subject. That's from where I got the idea on the intro. What I wanted to get by this post is to let more people find out about the similarity to Granata's piece which a lot of people are probably not aware of I'm sure. Chapa1985 (talk) 14:36, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Kind of related, but since there's a big controversy about the song being plagiarized (at least the intro) currently in the news, are we going to mention it in the article or are we going to wait for the outcome before we mention it? — Frεcklεfσσt | Talk 14:02, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

Absolutely related. I added an updating sentence yesterday in "Spirit copyright infringement lawsuit". Martinevans123 (talk) 14:06, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

Okay, I must have missed it. Thanks! — Frεcklεfσσt | Talk 00:05, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a newspaper. 187.188.195.66 (talk) 09:16, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Here's a New Yorker article, which I would accept as a reliable source, looking at claims of plagiarism by Led Zepplin when writing Stairway to Heaven.

{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Alex |date=2016-04-14 |title=The Unoriginal Originality of Led Zeppelin |url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-unoriginal-originality-of-led-zeppelin |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=2016-05-11}}

I would like to see a mention of Baroque guitarist and composer of A-minor arpeggios, Giovanni Battista Granata, in the description of this dispute, because it's a nice unexpected connection. But maybe that only belongs here if the judge cites that composer as part of the evidence in the judgement. So, I'll leave that decision to those of you who are working on this article. For me, I plan to cite the Ross article as a source in the article on Granata, mentioning his appearance in connection with this dispute. JimDeLaHunt (talk) 01:35, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

Randy California

The recent changes from Randy California to Randy Wolfe do not reflect common usage. He was known throughout his professional career as Randy California. All his credits on Spirit albums are listed as California, references to him in biographies use California, etc. Apparently all but one of the references in the "Spirit copyright infringement lawsuit" section use California. The BBC is the only one to only use Wolfe with no mention of California, probably from the court documents. "(born as Randy Wolfe)" should be added once to clarify the BBC post, but the rest should remain California. —Ojorojo (talk) 13:31, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Ghmyrtle, California appears to be a "recognizable surname"[3]. —Ojorojo (talk) 14:22, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

All I was trying to do was to remove the inconsistencies and the scope for possible confusion. Yes, he was known as Randy California in his professional life, on album credits, etc. - but, it was a stage name (given to him by Jimi Hendrix). The problem - and the potential for confusion - is that in the current legal case he is referred to as Randy Wolfe, his real name. That is not simply a BBC usage, it is widespread - [4], [5], [6], [7], etc. His family name, and legal name, is/was Wolfe. His son uses the surname Wolfe, not "California". The previous text referred to "California" and "Wolfe" without specifying that they were one and the same person, and we can't assume that readers will know they are the same person. If you can come up with a better form of words that avoids any confusion, that would be fine. Ghmyrtle (talk) 14:32, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Bizarre, looks like the news services picked up the same court docket notice written by someone unfamiliar with his common name. I think it's confusing because all the previous sources use California. I'll work on it. —Ojorojo (talk) 15:00, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Bear in mind that his common name in Wikipedia terms is not the same as his legal name - which is the name the courts will use. The question is simply how best to minimise confusion. It's notable that sources say "Wolfe (aka California)" - not "California (aka Wolfe)". Ghmyrtle (talk) 15:11, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Reverted again. His real legal name was Wolfe. His mother's name was Wolfe. His son's name is Wolfe. The name used in the legal action was Wolfe. For readers' benefit, we explain that professionally he was known as "Randy California" - and quite correctly that is the title of his bio article - but that was not his real name, and legal cases use real names not pseudonyms. Ghmyrtle (talk) 20:49, 23 June 2016 (UTC)

Reverted again? I don't see any reverts after the first changes from California to Wolfe, except to my recent change back to California (with "Wolfe" explained). Anyway, I'll be happy to open a RfC on this issue. The article has used "California" exclusively since 2007 until the April 2016 changes. This followed reliable sources, including those cited in the article. Even currently in this article section, all the sources refer to him as California, except for the last two:

• [24] Guitar World, April 1997: various excerpts use "Randy California". A separate legal commentary that cites Guitar World uses California and doesn't mention Wolfe[8]
• [26] Anglotopia, May 2014: uses "Randy California" or "California" three times (no Wolfe)[9]
• [27] BBC, May 2014: refers to him as "Randy California" or California four times in the short article[10]
• 28] Bloomberg May 2014: Fourteen+ uses of "California", with one parenthetical mention "(Born Randy Wolfe, California got his stage name while ...)"
• [29] The Converstion May 2014: Two uses of "California", no Wolfe
• [30] BBC April 2016: First article ref to use "Wolfe" (and no mention of California)
• [31] BBC June 2016: 2nd ref to use Wolfe (no California)

The fact that he never legally changed his name to "California" or that his mother and son go by "Wolfe" is not the issue. The article should follow what appears in most reliable sources, including the ones used in this article. There is no need to change the article to reflect the momentary reporting about the court case (now settled) that uses "Wolfe". The 23 June edit to the article,[11] which was reverted, adequately clarified his name: "Randy California (referred to by his birth name, Randy Wolfe, in legal proceedings)" and "a trustee for the late California under his legal name, 'Randy Wolfe'". This is less confusing than leading the reader to several linked sources that only refer to him as "California" and to the general public, who know him as Randy California. —Ojorojo (talk) 15:00, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

Sheesh! Randy VanWarmer never had this problem. We obviously need expert advice. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:09, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

Ojorojo - I've never claimed that most sources use the name Wolfe, simply that it would be best to avoid any confusion by explaining that California was not his real name, and not the name used in the legal proceedings. Previous versions (not yours, but including the version that existed until my last edit just now) used both Wolfe and California without proper explanation. If there is a strong feeling that this section of the article should refer to him as California, even though it was a pseudonym, so be it - it's not my preference, but whatever we decide we should be consistent, and also explain to readers that the legal case refers to Wolfe as that was his legal name. Ghmyrtle (talk) 16:35, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

My preference is that "California" be used as the "primary" name, with "Wolfe" as secondary, with an explanation that, as his legal name, it was used in the last court proceedings (although apparently not until 2016; reports only use "California" regarding the initial 2014 filings). This is consistent with related WP articles that use "California" almost exclusively: Randy California, Spirit, Spirit (album), "Taurus", etc. Do you have any suggestions for wording? —Ojorojo (talk) 17:40, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

Isn't that the wording we now have - your wording plus my tweak? Ghmyrtle (talk) 18:32, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

The current wording with your tweak was added by another editor.[12] My previous wording included an earlier mention of the use of "Wolfe".[13] I thought this went further in limiting any confusion, but the current version is OK. —Ojorojo (talk) 14:13, 25 June 2016 (UTC)