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Citations template used in this article

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Although the article's original editor and primary contributor uses the shortened footnotes citation template, editors can choose to use the easiest reference template <ref></ref>.

There is a full description about shortened footnotes or Sfn below.Oceanflynn (talk) 16:38, 26 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Templates used

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Shortened footnotes

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Citations in this article use Wikipedia Shortened footnotes or Sfn citation template described below. See featured article Reading Southern railway station for example.Oceanflynn (talk) 23:26, 23 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

This is how the SfnRef template looks in edit page. '''Western Canadian Select''' is one of North America’s largest heavy crude oil streams.{{Sfn|Platts|2012}}{{rp|1}}

This is the basic <ref></ref> citation template:

In 2012 Repsol completed its €3.15-billion upgrade and expansion of its [[Cartagena refinery]] in [[Murcia]], Spain which included a new coking unit.<ref>{{citation |title=Repsol opens Cartagena refinery expansion |location=Houston, Texas |date=19 April 2012 |first=Bob |last=Tippee |work=Oil and Gas Journal |accessdate=18 December 2014 |url=http://www.ogj.com/articles/2012/04/repsol-opens-cartagena-refinery-expansion.html }}</ref>

more Oceanflynn (talk) 16:54, 26 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Question

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What should be the title of this page "Wikipedia Western Canada Select" or "Western Canada Select"? --atnair (talk) 17:43, 13 January 2013 (UTC)[reply]

"Western Canadian Select" (WCS) is the proper title referred to in all accompanying citations. oceanflynn 17:50, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

Removal of refimprove dated January 2013

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This article has a very high level of inline citations from reliable resources. If there are still inadequate in-line citations for specific phrases, sentences, etc please add the citation needed to these not to the whole article. Thanks. I removed the refimprove|date=January 2013 a year later. oceanflynn 17:50, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

Request for feedback re: refimprove

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Could anyone give me feedback regarding the refimprove please.Oceanflynn (talk) 20:31, 11 November 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Table: price differentials

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This is difficult to maintain but important. I am working on locating and adding more reliable open sources for all the data and improved fields for this table. oceanflynn 15:47, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

This provides content for a table WTI @ Cushing (US$/bbl), WCS (C$/bbl), Edmonton Par (C$/bbl), North Sea Brent (US$/bbl) of projected prices from 2010 to 2020. *[1]: 40 

Maya crude oil price Market Watch 28 November 2014*[2]
price 28 November 2014 change volume previous close day low day high 52 week low 52 week high
$US 65.99 7.70 -10.45% 527,868 $US 73.69 $US 65.69 $73.56 $65.69 $US 102.53

This provides content for a table WTI @ Cushing (US$/bbl), WCS (C$/bbl), Edmonton Par (C$/bbl), North Sea Brent (US$/bbl) of actual prices in 2014[3]

By 19 December 2o14 the price of benchmark crude oils, WTI and ICE Brent, had dropped to (WTI at US$54.13/bbl)[4]: B7 

Financial Post Calgary Herald 4 December 2014 - November 2015
date WTI WCS differential $USD differential % Maya Brent
4 December 2014 $US67.25 US$50.70 differential $USD 16% Maya Brent
30 December 2014 $USx US$37.26[5] diff % Maya Brent
30 December 2014 $USx US$37.26[5] diff % Maya Brent
6 January 2015 $US49.95 US$33[6] diff % Maya Brent
9 January 2015 $US48.75 US$34.35[7] diff % Maya Brent
10 January 2015 $US48.30 US$34[8] diff % Maya Brent
13 January 2015 $US46.01 US$32.06[9] 13.95 % Maya Brent
21 January 2015 $US46.08 US$31.73[10] 14.35 % Maya Brent
18 March 2015 $US43.34 US$29.54[11] 13.8 % Maya Brent
12 November 2015 $US42.90 US$28.25[12] diff % Maya Brent
17 June 2016 $US46.09 US$33.94[10] US$12.15 % Maya Brent
10 December 2016 $US51.46 US$36.11[13] US$15.35 % Maya Brent

Oceanflynn (talk) 14:25, 24 March 2015 (UTC) updated Oceanflynn (talk) 15:48, 12 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]

By 9 September 2015 the price of WCS was US$32.52 and the WTI-WCS differential was differential US$13.35.[14]

By January 2016 WTI had dropped to US$30.37 and WCS was US$15.42 with a differential of $14.95.[15]

By June 2016 WTI was priced at US$46.09 and WCS was US$33.94 with a differential of US$12.15.[16]

By December 10, 2016 WTI had risen to US$51.46 and WCS was US$5.97 with a differential of $15.35.[13]

By December 2018 WTI had dropped to to US$49.52 and WCS was US$5.90 with a differential of $43.55.[17]

By April 23, 2019 WTI had risen to US$65.55 and WCS was US$55.90 with a differential of $9.65[18]

By December 23, 2019 WTI had risen to US$60.27 and WCS was US$35.93 with a differential of $24.34.[18]

"The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) price of oil, often a world reference price quoted in the media, averaged US$53.96 a barrel in October 2019, 23.7% lower than it was a year earlier. Western Canada Select (WCS), the price obtained for many Alberta producers of oil, averaged US$41.96 a barrel in October 2019, 2.0% higher than it was a year earlier. The differential of WTI over WCS was US$12.00 in October 2019."[17]

References

  1. ^ Canadian Natural Amended Annual Form (PDF), Calgary, Alberta, 25 March 2009, retrieved 29 November 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ "Crude Oil - Electronic (NYMEX) Jan 2015", Market Watch, Investing, 28 November 2014, retrieved 29 November 2014
  3. ^ Calgary Herald 2014.
  4. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. B7, 19 December 2014 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. ^ a b "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. C7, 30 December 2014 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ Ewart, Stephen (6 January 2015), "How long can oil production maintain this pace at $ 50?", Calgary Herald
  7. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. D7, 9 January 2015 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. C10-11, 10 January 2015 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  9. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. C6-7, 13 January 2015 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  10. ^ a b "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. D8-D9, 21 January 2015 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help) Cite error: The named reference "FP-21" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. D6-D7, 18 March 2015 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. B8, 12 November 2015
  13. ^ a b "Commodities". Calgary Herald. 10 December 2016. p. C9. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  14. ^ "Commodities". Financial Post, Calgary Herald. 9 September 2015. pp. D6–D7. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  15. ^ "Commodities". Calgary Herald. 13 January 2016. p. B5. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  16. ^ "Commodities". Calgary Herald. 17 June 2016. p. B6-B7. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  17. ^ a b "Economic Dashboard - Oil Prices". Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  18. ^ a b "Oil Price Charts". OilPrice. Retrieved December 23, 2019.

Western Canadian Select: unconventional or conventional

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In an editorial in the Calgary Herald published 28 December 2013, oil and energy professional, Norm Kalmanovitch, a long-time member of the "Friends of Science" advocacy group, characterized Western Canadian Select as a conventional crude oil. [1]

Crude oil like Western Canada Select (American Petroleum Institute gravity 20.5) has a very high flash point and would never have ignited had the derailed train (in Lac Megantic) been carrying this type of conventional crude.

— Norm Kalmanovitch

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Oceanflynn (talk • contribs) — Preceding undated comment added 19:43, 12 November 2014

Harvard paper

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From Leonardo Maugeri's “The Shale Oil Boom: A U.S. Phenomenon...[2] to be summarized for article...Oceanflynn (talk) 21:54, 3 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

"In a scenario of declining imports, the most probable victims will be the traditional suppliers of light crude to the United States, namely the West African producers (mainly Nigeria and Angola), whose supplies are going to be displaced by U.S. surging production of light oils from shale. However, another probable candidate to become a victim of U.S. growing oil production is the safest source of U.S. oil imports—Canada. On this issue, my view is more pessimistic than that expressed by other excellent analyses on the consequences of the U.S. shale revolution.49

— Leonardo Maugeri. “The Shale Oil Boom:A U.S. Phenomenon

As the United States traditionally has absorbed 95 percent of Canada’s crude and liquid exports, rising U.S. shale oil production stands to jeopardize a significant portion of Canada’s future potential exports, for two main reasons. First, Canadian oil exports already compete for transportation capacity, particularly via pipeline, with North Dakota’s surging production. Further, both producing areas rely on the same trading and storage hub, the already overburdened Cushing, Oklahoma. But while North Dakota is finding alternative takeaway options because of rail transportation, a significant part of future Canadian oil production risk being landlocked without the availability on new pipelines, such as the much debated Keystone XL. Second, marginal production costs for a substantial amount of Canadian crude are the highest in the world, with several oil sands projects presenting a break-even of more than $90 per barrel. Conversely, the price discount for West Canadian Select (WCS, the benchmark for Canadian heavy crude derived from oil sands) hit a five-year low in December 2012 of just over $40 per barrel against WTI, or less than half of the price of Brent crude, making it the cheapest crude oil on the planet.50 Although WCS spread vs. WTI eventually narrowed, the most expensive projects with respect to Canadian oil sands will remain highly vulnerable in the future, a prospect that already led several oil sands companies to slash their 2013 investment budget and cancel new development projects. Once again, without new pipeline capacity to the United States and, possibly, to other, more rewarding markets, Canadian oil producers increasingly will suffer from their landlocked location and the simultaneous price squeeze. While there are plenty of transportation projects already waiting for authorization, experience so far has shown that it will be difficult for most of these projects to materialize, at least in a brief period of time, mainly because of environment-based opposition.

— Leonardo Maugeri. “The Shale Oil Boom:A U.S. Phenomenon

For example, in May 2013, the government of British Columbia said it would oppose the construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline unless there was a greater ability to respond to a spill. Northern Gateway is a critical project in that it would open up the Asian markets to Canada’s oil sand, carrying 525,000 b/d of diluted bitumen – heavy oil mixed with lighter liquids so it will flow – about 730 miles from the oil sands of Alberta to a terminal at Kitimat on the coast of British Columbia.51

— Leonardo Maugeri. “The Shale Oil Boom:A U.S. Phenomenon

In any case, the current and foreseeable U.S oil market situation makes Canada too vulnerable, obliging it to think about structurally changing its energy policy and diversify the exports of crude oil and natural gas, shifting away from the comfortable policy of putting all of its eggs in one basket. This would remain the case if the Keystone XL project is approved. In fact, whereas the pipeline will ease the short to medium-term delivery problems of increasing Canadian oil sands production, it will not match the huge potential for growth of such production.52

— Leonardo Maugeri. “The Shale Oil Boom:A U.S. Phenomenon

References

  1. ^ Kalmanovitch, Norm (28 December 2013), "Conventional crude would have spared Lac Megantic", Calgary Herald, Calgary, Alberta, retrieved 28 December 2013
  2. ^ Maugeri, Leonardo (June 2013), The Shale Oil Boom: A U.S. Phenomenon (PDF)
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Frothing technique

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Some content that I created in this article was also used in the Froth treatment article. Eventually it will be summarized and pared back.Oceanflynn (talk) 19:08, 31 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Price of WCS

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Sources for updating the price of WCS

By August 2022 it was USD$80.24.Oceanflynn (talk) 14:45, 16 August 2022 (UTC)[reply]

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