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The Holy Bible (album)

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The Holy Bible is the third studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. It was released on 29 August 1994 by Epic Records and was the last of the band's albums released before the disappearance of lyricist and guitarist Richey Edwards (credited as "Richey James" on the album sleeve), on 1 February 1995.

Edwards was severely struggling with depression, alcohol abuse, self-harm and anorexia nervosa at the time the album was written and recorded, and its contents are considered by many sources to reflect his mental state. The songs focus on themes relating to politics and human suffering.

The album won widespead critical acclaim and features in "Best Album of All Time" polls in the UK. It has been described by the NME as "a work of genuine genius". Although it reached number six on the UK albums charts, global sales were disappointing compared to previous albums, and the record did not chart in mainland Europe or North America. The album was promoted with tours and festival appearances in the UK, Ireland and mainland Europe, in part without Edwards.

An expanded 10th Anniversary Edition of the album was released in 2004.

Recording

According to drummer Sean Moore, the band felt it had been "going a bit astray" with its previous album, 1993's Gold Against the Soul, and so the approach to the follow-up was for the band to go back to its "grass roots" and rediscover "a little bit of Britishness that we lacked".[2] Singer and guitarist James Dean Bradfield recalls the band feeling it had become "a bit too rockist ... we had lost our direction".[2] The band stopped listening to American rock music and returned to influences that had inspired them when they first formed, including Magazine, Wire, The Skids, PiL, Gang of Four and Joy Division.[2]

Epic Records had proposed that the album be recorded in Barbados,[3]: 120  but the band had wanted to avoid what Bradfield called "all that decadent rockstar rubbish".[4] It was bassist Nicky Wire's idea, says Bradfield, that the band "should not use everything at its disposal" in recording the album.[5] Instead, recording began with sound engineer Alex Silva at the low-rent, "absolutely tiny"[2] Sound Space Studios in Cardiff.[6] The album was mixed by Mark Freegard,[7] who had previously worked with The Breeders. "She Is Suffering" was produced by Steve Brown.[7] The recording took four weeks.[8]: 106 

Bradfield has described the recording of the album as preventing him from having a social life and Alex Silva attributes the break-up of his relationship with his girlfriend at the time to the long hours involved in the recording.[2] Guitarist Richey Edwards attended recording sessions, but would, according to Wire, "collapse on the settee and have a snooze" while the other band members did all the recording.[9] He was drinking heavily and frequently crying.[8]: 106–7  "Inevitably," says Bradfield, "the day would start with a 'schhht!', the sound of a can opening."[5]

The album was constructed with "academic discipline", according to Bradfield, with the band working to headings and structures "so each song is like an essay".[3]: 143 

Lyrics

Whereas lyric-writing on the two previous albums was split fairly evenly between Richey Edwards and Nicky Wire, the lyrics on The Holy Bible were 70-75% written by Edwards, according to James Dean Bradfield.[2] Wire describes himself as largely responsible for "This is Yesterday" and "Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart" [sic], contributing only titles to some of the songs.[2]

The album's lyrics deal with subjects including prostitution, American consumerism, British imperialism, freedom of speech, the Holocaust, self-starvation, serial-killers, political revolution, childhood, fascism and suicide.[10] According to Q: "the tone of the album is by turns bleak, angry and resigned".[11] The same magazine commented in 1994 that "even a cursory glance at the titles will confirm that this is not the new Gloria Estefan album".[12]

Sean Moore has described the content of the lyrics as being "as far as Richey's character could go".[13] According to Bradfield: "Some of the lyrics confused me. Some ... were voyeuristic and some were coming from personal experience ... I remember getting the lyrics to 'Yes' and thinking 'You crazy fucker, how do I write music for this?'".[2] Critic Simon Price notes that the potential radio-friendliness of the song is undermined by its focus on the subject of prostitution and the recurrence of sexual swearing in the lyric.[3]: 144 

One of the inspirations for the lyrics on the album was a band visit to Dachau concentration camp. A photograph of this gate features in the album's artwork.

Interviewed at the time of the album's release, Nicky Wire said that the track "Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart" was "not a completely anti-American song" but was about "how the most empty culture in the world can dominate in such a total sense".[10] "Of Walking Abortion" is about right-wing totalitarianism,[8]: 116  of which Wire commented: "there's a worm in human nature that makes us want to be dominated". "Archives of Pain", dealing with the glorification of serial killers and seemingly advocating capital punishment, he said, "was the song that me and Richey worried about most ... the song isn't a right wing statement, it's just against this fascination with people who kill".[10] Later in 1994, Bradfield described the song as "one of the most important things we've done" but said it was also "very right-wing" and "miscalculated".[12]

Wire described "Revol" as being about Edwards' idea that "relationships in politics, and relationships in general, are failures". "P.C.P.", he said, was about how "PC followers take up the idea of being liberal, but end up being quite the opposite". He said that he was "completely confused" by "Faster" (most of which he had written[8]: 96 ), although Edwards had told him that it was about self-abuse.[10]

"Mausoleum" and "The Intense Humming of Evil", Wire said, were both inspired by visits by the band to former concentration camps at Dachau and Belsen.[10] A first draft of the latter song had been considered insufficiently judgemental by Bradfield, who had asked for a re-write ("you can't be ambivalent about the Holocaust").[3]: 147 

Wire said that "Die in the Summertime" and "4st 7lb" were "pretty obviously about Richey's state of mind".[10] According to Edwards, the former song is about a pensioner wanting to die with memories of childhood in his mind.[8]: 117  4 stone 7 pounds (29 kg) is the weight below which death is reputed to become medically unavoidable for anorexics.[8]: 116 

"This Is Yesterday", according to Wire, is "about how people always look back to their youth and look on it as a glorious period".[10]

Wire and Bradfield have both expressed a disliking for the lyrics to the song "She Is Suffering", Wire saying it suffers from "man coming to the rescue syndrome".[14] According to Edwards, the "she" in the song title is desire: "In other Bibles and Holy Books no truth is possible until you empty yourself of desire".[8]: 116 

Use of dialogue samples

Several tracks on the album are also complemented by samples of dialogue, in keeping with the themes of the songs themselves, as follows:

  • "Yes" contains dialogue from the 1993 documentary, Hookers, Hustlers, Pimps and their Johns, by Beeban Kidron, about the prostitution trade.
  • "Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart" begins with a TV trailer for GOP TV's Rising Tide show.
  • "Of Walking Abortion" begins with an extract from an interview with Hubert Selby, Jr..
  • "Archives of Pain" begins with the words of the mother of one of serial killer Peter Sutcliffe's victims from a TV report on his trial.
  • "4st 7lb" begins with dialogue from the 1994 documentary about anorexia, Caroline's Story, by Jeremy Llewelyn-Jones.
  • "Mausoleum" features a quotation from an interview with J. G. Ballard explaining his motivation for writing the novel Crash.
  • "Faster" begins with dialogue from the 1984 film adapation of George Orwell's 1984 spoken by John Hurt.
  • "The Intense Humming of Evil" begins with an extract from a report on the Nuremberg Trials.
  • "PCP" ends with dialogue spoken by Albert Finney from Peter Yates' The Dresser [15]

Aesthetic

French avant-garde writer Octave Mirbeau, quoted on the sleeve of The Holy Bible

James Dean Bradfield has described the album as representing "the most definitive period for us visually as well as the songs we were writing and the record ... we've never been scared to admit that".[2]

While touring in early 1994, the band visited army surplus stores and bought clothing to wear on stage, in a homage to The Clash.[2] This military image was used consistently by the band during the promotion of The Holy Bible, including in their videos and television appearances.[16] A performance of "Faster" on the BBC's Top of the Pops in June 1994 resulted in a record number of complaints—over 25,000—due to Bradfield wearing a paramilitary-style balaclava.[17]

The album cover, designed by Richey Edwards while hospitalised,[8]: 110  features a triptych by Jenny Saville depicting three perspectives on the body of an obese woman in her underwear, and titled Strategy (South Face/Front Face/North Face). Saville gave her permission for use of her work for free after a discussion with Edwards in which he described each song on the album.[18] The back cover features a photo of the band in military uniforms and a quote taken from Octave Mirbeau's book The Torture Garden.

The lyrics booklet features various images including Christian iconography, photographs of the gate at Dachau concentration camp and a plan of the gas chambers at Belsen concentration camp, a photograph of Lenin's corpse, an engraving depicting an execution by guillotine in Revolutionary France, a picture of an apple, a photograph of a woman with a parasitic twin, photographs of each of the Manic Street Preachers as children, a photograph of a group of British policemen in gas-masks. The booklet also contains a Buddhist saying from the Tripitaka alongside a dedication to the band's publicist, Philip Hall.[7] He had died in 1993.[19]

The title The Holy Bible was chosen by Edwards to reflect an idea, according to Bradfield, that "everything on there has to be perfection".[8]: 117  Interviewed at the end of 1994, Edwards said: "The way religions choose to speak their truth to the public has always been to beat them down ... I think that if a Holy Bible is true, it should be about the way the world is and that's what I think my lyrics are about. [The album] doesn't pretend things don't exist".[20]

Health of Richey Edwards

Whitchurch Hospital, Cardiff

Richey Edwards had had long-term problems with alcohol abuse, depression and self-harm. During 1994, these problems had, according to Wire, "escalated to to a point where everybody got a bit frightened" and Edwards had also begun to suffer from anorexia nervosa.[21] During April and May, when the band played concerts in Thailand and Portugal, Edwards was habitually cutting himself and appeared onstage in Bangkok with self-inflicted wounds across his chest.[8]: 102, 106 

He talked openly in the music press about his problems, telling the NME: "When I cut myself I feel so much better. All the little things that might have been annoying me seem so trivial because I'm concentrating on the pain" and "I'm the sort of person who wakes up in the morning and needs to pour a bottle down my throat".[8]: 108 

His problems continued and, during the recording of the album, his mental state deteriorated when he learned of the suicide of a close friend from university.[8]: 107  In July, he was taken to hospital after severely lacerating himself at home, then transferred to Whitchurch Hospital, an NHS psychiatric facility in Cardiff. His weight had fallen to 6 stone (38 kg).[8]: 108–110 

By the time of the album's release in late August 1994, Edwards was hospitalised at the private Priory Hospital in Roehampton.[22] He rejoined the band to tour during the autumn of 1994.[23] Other band members felt that his drinking was under control at this point, but his eating continued to be a problem and he continued to self-harm.[8]: 126  On 1 February 1995, he disappeared and is presumed to have committed suicide.[24]

The Holy Bible has been described by Q as a "graphic, violent torrent of self-lacerating punk fury which infamously details the horrors in Richey Edwards' head".[25]

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic [26]
Pitchfork(8.4/10) [27]
NME (1994)(9/10) [28]
NME (2004)(10/10) [29]
Q [30]
Mojo [31]
Uncut [32]
Rolling Stone [33]
PopMatters(8/10) [34]
Blender [35]
Sputnikmusic [36]
Pixelsurgeon(10/10) [37]

When it was released in 1994, the NME saw The Holy Bible as primarily the work of James Dean Bradfield, saying "The Holy Bible isn't elegant, but it is bloody effective".[28] Melody Maker, seeing it as primarily the work of Richey Edwards, described it as "the sound of a group in extremis ... hurtling towards a private armageddon".[38] Upon its re-release ten years later, the NME described it as "a work of genuine genius".[29]

According to Stylus Magazine: "The Holy Bible is easily one of the best albums of the 90s—ignored by many, but loved intensely by the few who’ve lived with it over the years ... It puts everything the Manics have done since to shame, not to mention nearly everything else".[39] Rolling Stone also reviewed the album positively: "even the pall of [Edwards'] absence can't cancel out the life-affirming force that hits you with the very first song".[33]

In 2005, the record topped a BBC Newsnight viewers' poll as favourite album of all time.[40] In 2000, it was voted by writers of Melody Maker as the 15th best album of all time.[41] In 2001, it was voted by readers of Q as the 10th best album released during the magazine's lifetime[42] and in 2003 as the 18th greatest album ever.[25] In 2005, Kerrang! placed it 10th in a list of the greatest rock albums ever.[43]

The album peaked at number six on the British albums chart in 1994.[44] This was seen by some as commercially disappointing, however.[39] The record did not chart in mainland Europe or North America,[45][46] although it reached number 50 in the Japanese chart.[47]

Touring

In April and May 1994, the band first performed songs from The Holy Bible at concerts in Thailand and Portugal and at a benefit concert for the Anti-Nazi League at Brockwell Park, London.[48] In June, they played the Glastonbury Festival.[49]

In July and August, without Richey Edwards, they played T in the Park in Scotland, the Alte Wartesaal in Cologne, the Parkpop Festvial in The Hague and the Reading Festival.[2] During September, October and December, there was a headline tour of the UK and Ireland and two tours in mainland Europe with Suede and Therapy?.[19] In December, three nights at the London Astoria ended with the band smashing up their equipment and the venue’s lighting rig, causing £26,000 worth of damage.[50]

James Dean Bradfield and Richey Edwards were due to fly to the United States for media interviews on 1 February 1995, the day of Edwards' disappearance, and Bradfield ended up doing this alone.[3]: 177  Concerts in US cities, as well as in Prague and Vienna, had been scheduled for March and April 1995, but were cancelled.[3]: 179 

10th Anniversary Edition

On 6 December 2004, an expanded version of The Holy Bible was released, containing two CDs and a DVD. Disc 1 comprised a digitally re-mastered version of the original album plus four live tracks. The DVD features an interview with the band, footage of TV and festival appearances and promo videos. The second CD includes a remix of the album by Tom Lord-Alge. The remixed version had been intended for release in the US, but this never happened "for well-documented reasons", according to James Dean Bradfield.[2] The band felt the second mix was superior to the version originally released. As Bradfield puts it: "For once we got something back from the American record company—who we despised—and it was brilliant".[2]

Track listing

All tracks written by Bradfield/Moore (music) and Edwards/Wire (lyrics).[7]

1994 release

No.TitleLength
1."Yes"4:59
2."Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart"3:39
3."Of Walking Abortion"4:01
4."She Is Suffering"4:43
5."Archives of Pain"5:29
6."Revol"3:05
7."4st 7lb"5:05
8."Mausoleum"4:12
9."Faster"3:55
10."This Is Yesterday"3:58
11."Die in the Summertime"3:05
12."The Intense Humming of Evil"6:12
13."P.C.P"3:55
  • The Japanese release of the album features four additional tracks, recorded live: "Drug, Drug, Druggy", "Roses In The Hospital", "You Love Us", "New Art Riot"

10th Anniversary Edition

CD 1: Digitally re-mastered original album and live tracks
No.TitleLength
1."Yes"5:00
2."Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart"3:39
3."Of Walking Abortion"4:01
4."She Is Suffering"4:43
5."Archives of Pain"5:29
6."Revol (song)"3:05
7."4st 7lb"5:05
8."Mausoleum"4:12
9."Faster"3:55
10."This Is Yesterday"3:58
11."Die in the Summertime"3:05
12."The Intense Humming of Evil"6:12
13."P.C.P"3:58
14."The Intense Humming of Evil (live)"4:58
15."4st 7lb (live)"4:44
16."Yes (live)"4:30
17."Of Walking Abortion (live)"3:47
CD 2: US album mix/Demos and radio sessions
No.TitleLength
1."Yes"5:19
2."Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart"3:43
3."Of Walking Abortion"4:07
4."She Is Suffering"4:57
5."Archives of Pain"5:30
6."Revol"3:05
7."4st 7lb"5:10
8."Mausoleum"4:13
9."Faster"3:53
10."This Is Yesterday"3:58
11."Die in the Summertime"3:07
12."The Intense Humming of Evil"6:14
13."P.C.P"3:57
14."Die in the Summertime (demo)"2:26
15."Mausoleum (demo)"3:29
16."Of Walking Abortion (Radio 1 Evening Session)"3:39
17."She Is Suffering (Radio 1 Evening Session)"4:25
18."Yes (Radio 1 Evening Session)"4:40
DVD
No.TitleLength
1."Faster (Top Of The Pops)" 
2."Faster (Butt Naked)" 
3."P.C.P. (Butt Naked)" 
4."She Is Suffering (Butt Naked)" 
5."4st 7lb (MTV Most Wanted)" 
6."She Is Suffering (MTV Most Wanted)" 
7."Faster (Glastonbury '94)" 
8."P.C.P. (Glastonbury '94)" 
9."Yes (Glastonbury '94)" 
10."Revol (Reading '94)" 
11."Faster (US video)" 
12."Judge Yr'self (video)" 
13."Yes (New film made by Patrick Jones)" 
14."Band interview" 

Singles

UK release date Song Peak position
UK
[44]
6 June 1994 "Faster/P.C.P." 16
1 August 1994 "Revol" 22
3 October 1994 "She Is Suffering" 25

Personnel

Manic Street Preachers

References

  1. ^ "Manic Street Preachers/The Holy Bible", Manic Street Preachers Official Site, Sony Music Entertainment, retrieved 3 August 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Manic Street Preachers, band interview on The Holy Bible Tenth Anniversary Edition, Epic Records, 2004
  3. ^ a b c d e f Price, Simon (1999), Everything (A Book About Manic Street Preachers), London: Virgin Books, ISBN 0753501392
  4. ^ James, Mandi (August 1994), "Manic Street Preachers", Volume Eleven, Volume, p. 148 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
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  6. ^ Pattison, Louis (20 November 2008), "Manic Street Preachers — Holy Bible", BBC Wales Music, BBC, retrieved 1 August 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e Manic Street Preachers (1994), The Holy Bible (sleeve notes), Epic Records {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Clarke, Martin (1997), Manic Street Preachers: Sweet Venom, London: Plexus, ISBN 0859652599
  9. ^ "Manic Street Preachers: Their Design for Life Without Richey", NME, IPC Media, p. 30, 11 May 1996
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Manics New Testament", Melody Maker, IPC Media, p. 4, 27 August 1994
  11. ^ Q, Bauer Media Group, p. 139, May 1997 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ a b Maconie, Stuart (December 1994), "Manic Street Preachers: Smile, it might never happen", Q, Bauer Media Group, p. 38
  13. ^ Patterson, Sylvia (1 August 1998), "The Secret World of the Manic Street Preachers", NME, IPC Media, p. 31
  14. ^ Mackay, Emily (15 May 2009), "Manic Street Preachers Interview Part Three — Religion, Richey's Fitness Regime, and Why Typewriters Are 'Erotic'", NME, IPC Media, retrieved 1 August 2010
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  16. ^ Manic Street Preachers (2004), The Holy Bible Tenth Anniversary Edition (DVD content), Epic Records {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ^ "The Ten 'Top of the Pops' Shows", The Observer, Guardian Media Group, 16 July 2006, retrieved 1 August 2010
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  20. ^ "Interview with Richey Edwards". Artistspecial. December 1994. ZTV. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Rees, Paul (August 1994), "Richey Manic: The Truth", Kerrang!, Bauer Media Group
  22. ^ "Manic Depression", Melody Maker, IPC Media, 6 August 1994
  23. ^ "Oh, Aaah, Street Preach-ah", Melody Maker, IPC Media, 10 December 1994
  24. ^ Evans, Catherine Mary (24 November 2008), "Missing Manic Street Preacher Richey Edwards Declared Legally Dead, 13 Years On", Western Mail, Media Wales, retrieved 1 August 2010
  25. ^ a b "Readers Best Albums Ever", Q, Bauer Media Group, p. 161, February 2006
  26. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, "The Holy Bible (Review)", allmusic, Rovi Corporation, retrieved 6 August 2010
  27. ^ Tangari, Joe (17 January 2005), "Album Reviews: Manic Street Preachers: The Holy Bible", Pitchfork media, Pitchfork Media Inc., retrieved 6 August 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  28. ^ a b Williams, Simon (27 August 1994), NME, IPC Media, p. 38 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ^ a b Martin, Dan (13 December 2004), "Manic Street Preachers : The Holy Bible (Tenth Anniversary Edition)", NME, IPC Media, retrieved 6 August 2010
  30. ^ Grundy, Gareth (December 2004), "Apocalypse now", Q, Bauer Media, archived from the original on 7 December 2004, retrieved 18 August 2010
  31. ^ "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible", Mojo, EMAP, p. 114, December 2004
  32. ^ "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible", Uncut, IPC Media, p. 87, December 2004
  33. ^ a b Fricke, David (21 April 2005), "Manic Street Preachers: The Holy Bible: 10th Anniversary Edition", Rolling Stone, Wenner Media, archived from the original on 12 March 2008
  34. ^ O'Neil, Tim (20 May 2005), "Manic Street Preachers: The Holy Bible — 10th Anniversary Edition", PopMatters, PopMatters Media, Inc., retrieved 6 August 2010
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  36. ^ Butler, Nick (21 January 2001), "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible Review", Sputnikmusic, retrieved 6 August 2010
  37. ^ "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible", Pixelsurgeon, Pixelsurgeon Creative Consultants Ltd., retrieved 6 August 2010
  38. ^ Price, Simon (27 August 1994), Melody Maker, IPC Media {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ^ a b Edwards, Mark (14 December 2004), "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible", Stylus Magazine, retrieved 4 August 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  40. ^ "Quintessential Newsnight", BBC News, BBC, 5 August 2005, retrieved 15 Aug 2010
  41. ^ "Melody Maker top 100 albums of all time", Melody Maker, IPC Media, 5 January 2000
  42. ^ "Radiohead romp home in Q poll", BBC News, BBC, 13 September 2001
  43. ^ Kerrang!, Bauer Media Group, 19 February 2005 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ^ a b "Manic Street Preachers", The Official Charts Company, retrieved 16 August 2010
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  46. ^ "Manic Street Preachers — The Holy Bible", lescharts, Hung Medien, retrieved 16 August 2010
  47. ^ "Japan: Album positions". oricon.co.jp. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  48. ^ Interview by Caitlin Moran (27 June 1994). "Interview with Richey Edwards and Nicky Wire". Naked City. Season 2. Episode 6. Channel 4. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |producer= ignored (help)
  49. ^ "Glastonbury Festival 1994", Glastonbury Festival official site, Glastonbury Festival, retrieved 2 August 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  50. ^ Petredis, Alexis (8 May 2009), "This Album Could Seriously Damage Us", The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2 August 2010

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