Theodor von Lerch
Major General Theodor Edler von Lerch | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | August 31, 1869 Pressburg, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | December 24, 1945 (aged 76) Vienna, State of Austria |
| Buried | Vienna Central Cemetery |
| Allegiance |  Austria-Hungary |
| Service | Austro-Hungarian Army |
| Years of service | 1891-1919 |
| Rank | Generalmajor |
| Battles / wars | World War I |
| Other work | lecturer |
Theodor von Lerch (August 31, 1869 - December 24, 1945) was a Major General in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and a pioneer alpine ski instructor in Japan.[1][2] He could speak at least seven languages: German, Czech, Magyar, and Italian (used within the Austro-Hungarian Empire), French, English, and Russian, and over the course of his career travelled across Europe and to Turkey, Japan, Korea, China and India.[3] He enjoyed painting, and four dozen watercolors of Austrian mountains and townscapes he painted reside in Jōetsu, Japan.[4]
Military career
Von Lerch graduated from the Theresian Military Academy then in 1891 served the Austro-Hungarian Infantry in Prague and Cattaro. In 1895 he completed the general staff officer training course at the k.u.k. War College and was assigned as staff officer for the infantry, stationed successively in Chernowitz, Lemberg, Marosvászárhely, Innsbruck and Vienna. He attended ski lessons by Mathias Zdarsky starting in 1902. In February 1908 Major Lerch served as a ski instructor at the Austrian military ski courses at the Böckstein mountains in Tyrol. He visited the Japanese Pavilion at the 1908 World Art Exhibition in Dresden, which initiated an interest in Japan and later a two year visit to that country. When Lieutenant Colonel Lerch returned from his Far East assignment, he took up command roles in Tyrolean Kaiserjäger of Mezzolombardo, Infantry Regiment in Scutari. He was Chief of Staff of 17th Corps as the First World War began, with deployments in Galicia and Isonzo, then Mountain Brigade and Infantry Brigades in Albania. In 1918 he was promoted to Major General, and assigned to roles in the Carpathian Mountains, Brest-Litovsk, Isonzo and Flanders. Injuries forced him to retire in 1919.[5][6]
In Japan
Major Lerch was assigned from 1910 - 1912 to the Far East as military training observer, visiting sites of the Russo-Japanese War. On September 26, 1910 Lerch traveled to the 13th Division of the Imperial Japanese Army as part of an exchange of officers, and assigned to the 58th Infantry Regiment in Takada. Gaishi Nagaoka invited him to introduce the sport of snow skiing to Japan. On January 12, 1911, Lerch began conducting ski lessons on Mount Kanaya.[7] Lerch's first Japanese training group consisted of the regiment officers, including the regiment commander. Ski lessons were also provided to civilians. Lerch taught the “Lilienfelder” method of Zdarsky, using a single bamboo pole both as a rudder and as a brake. In 1911, he made the first ski ascent (partial) of Mount Fuji, with Egon von Kratzer.[8][9] In 1912 now Lieutenant Colonel Lerch was assigned to the 7th Artillery Regiment in Hokkaido, and provided ski lessons and skied Mount Yotei.[10]
He then traveled from Japan to Seoul, Mukden and Port Arthur, and then the Republic of China: Manchuria, Beijing, Shanghai, and then to British Hong Kong. At the conclusion of his Asian tour Lerch traveled to British India in order to observe military maneuvers there in November 1912.
Honors and legacy
He was awarded Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class by Japan. A 1961 statue and a 1992 museum which tell his story are located in the city of Jōetsu, where the Lerch-Festival is held every February.[11] His caricature was used as a 2009 mascot for Niigata Prefecture, Japan.[12] Lerch also has a statue at Kutchan, Hokkaido, a monument at the Asahikawa Airport and an exhibit at the Hokuchin Memorial Museum.
References
- ^ Allen, E. John B. (2012) "Japan" Historical Dictionary of Skiing Scarecrow Press ISBN 9780810868021 pages 103,117
- ^ Hirosi Arai (2004) "Theodor Edler von Lerch as a pioneer of Japanese skiing: that half of his life and character" 3rd FIS Ski History Conference ISBN 9783902344069
- ^ Pöcher, Harald (2009) "Major General Theodor Edler von Lerch" TROOP SERVICE Episode 310, Issue 4
- ^ "The checkered life of Lerch, who introduced skiing to Japan" The Asahi Shimbun 2019
- ^ "Lerch, Theodor von" Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia 1815-1950 (ÖBL) Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1972, p. 151-2
- ^ Berger, Günther (1995) "Lerch, Theodor" Historical Encyclopedia Vienna vol 4 pg 42 ISBN 3218005469
- ^ Ross, Bill (2011) "Japan's First Turns" Outdoor Japan vol 38
- ^ "Winter Sports in Japan" Japan Weekly Chronicle issue 519, 14 Dec 1911, pg 1063
- ^ "Der Mozart der Skigeschichte" Wiener Zeitung, 2012
- ^ Kortekaas, Willem (2022) Theodor von Lerch at Joetsu-stories.jp
- ^ Jōetsu City History Museum
- ^ Major Theodor von Lerch at snowcountry-instructors.com
