Trianon Treaty Day

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Trianon Treaty Day
2020 Romania stamp commemorating the centenary of the Treaty of Trianon
Observed byRomania
TypeNational
CelebrationsCultural, educational, and scientific events
Date4 June
Next time4 June 2024 (2024-06-04)
Frequencyannual

The Trianon Treaty Day (Romanian: Ziua Tratatului de la Trianon) is a public holiday in Romania celebrated every 4 June to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. The holiday was first proposed in 2015 by the Romanian politician Titus Corlățean[1] and subsequently promulgated on 18 November 2020 by President Klaus Iohannis.[2]

According to the law that promulgated the holiday, on Trianon Treaty Day, cultural, educational, and scientific events of both local and national level can be held to raise awareness of the treaty and its significance and importance. Civilians, as well as organizations and local or central authorities can support such events through material and logistical support. Romanian Television and the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company are permitted to broadcast programs related to the observance.[2] In 2022, on the occasion of the Trianon Treaty Day, Giuseppe Nicolini's opera Traiano in Dacia [it] had its debut in Romania at the Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca.[3]

The holiday has elicited negative responses from the Hungarian community of Romania and Hungary itself.[4][5] It has been claimed that the Romanian decision for promulgating the holiday was because of the earlier establishment of 4 June in Hungary as the "Day of National Unity" and to endorse anti-Hungarian sentiments.[1] On the other hand, Corlățean, who proposed the law passed by the Parliament of Romania, declared to the BBC: "I do not understand why the Romanians should be shy of marking what was fundamental for their history, because we don't want to offend anyone".[6]

Background

At the end of World War I, the Hungarian army was disarmed on 2 November 1918, and Austria-Hungary signed the armistice on 3 November 1918, which ended warfare between Allies and Associated Powers and Austria-Hungary. The Kingdom of Romania re-entered the war on the side of the Allies on 10 November 1918, one day before the end of World War I, the Romanian Army took control of Transylvania starting from 13 November 1918 which marked the start of the Hungarian–Romanian War. The Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia declared union with the Kingdom of Romania on 1 December 1918.[7] In response, a Hungarian General Assembly in Kolozsvár (now Cluj in Romania), the most important Hungarian city in Transylvania, reaffirms the loyalty of Hungarians from Transylvania to Hungary on 22 December 1918. The Treaty of Trianon was signed in France on 4 June 1920 between Hungary and the Allies (including the Kingdom of Romania). As a result, Transylvania, Maramureș, as well as parts of Banat and Crișana, were officially recognized as part of Kingdom of Romania. Based on the census data of 1910, 2,819,467 Romanians, 1,658,045 Hungarians and 550,964 Saxons lived in the area which was detached from the Kingdom of Hungary to the Kingdom of Romania. Despite the "self-determination of peoples" idea of the Allies, only one plebiscite was permitted (Sopron plebiscite between Austria and Hungary) to settle the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary. By the Treaty of Trianon Hungary lost 31% of its ethnic Hungarian population (3.3 million Hungarians) and 72% of its historical territories to Austria, Czechoslovakia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Poland and Kingdom of Romania.[8][2][9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Romania declares celebration of Trianon peace treaty signing". Hungary Today. 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Legea controversată care prevede instituirea datei de 4 iunie drept "Ziua Tratatului de la Trianon" a fost promulgată de președintele Klaus Iohannis". G4Media (in Romanian). 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Romașcanu, despre ziua Tratatului de la Trianon: Pagină a istoriei României care nu trebuie uitată. Ziua pe care o datorăm sacrificiului armatei române din Primul Război Mondial". G4Media (in Romanian). 4 June 2022.
  4. ^ "Ünnepnappá vált Romániában a trianoni békeszerződés napja". Magyar Hírlap (in Hungarian). 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  5. ^ ""Trianoni szerződés napja" – mi a véleménye erről? (körkérdés)". Erdély.ma (in Hungarian). 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  6. ^ Thorpe, Nick (3 June 2020). "The 100-year wound that Hungary cannot forget". BBC. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  7. ^ Leadbeater, Chris (3 January 2019). "The forgotten war which made Transylvania Romanian". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  8. ^ Popescu, Eduard (15 September 2020). "Legea privind Ziua Tratatului de la Trianon, din nou în Parlament. Iohannis cere consultări cu istorici și academicieni/ Reacția lui Titus Corlățean, inițiator al proiectului". Mediafax (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  9. ^ Conley, Heather (3 June 2020). "How Viktor Orban turned a century of Hungarian history into a secret weapon". Washington Post.
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