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Typhoon Mujigae

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Typhoon Mujigae (Kabayan)
Very strong typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Mujigae over the Leizhou Peninsula on October 4
FormedSeptember 30, 2015
DissipatedOctober 5, 2015
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 155 km/h (100 mph)
1-minute sustained: 215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar); 28.05 inHg
Fatalities29 total
Damage$4.25 billion (2015 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Vietnam, China
Part of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Mujigae (pronounced [mu.dʑi.ɡɛ]), known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Kabayan, was the strongest storm to strike the province of Guangdong in the month of October.[1] The storm affected the Philippines, southern China and northern Vietnam during early October 2015 as a strong typhoon. The typhoon originated from a weak tropical disturbance near Palau on September 28. The system subsequently developed into the twenty-second named storm of the annual typhoon season on October 1.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Early on September 30, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for an area of convection east of the Philippines. The system had a consolidating center and rainbands, and moved to the west-northwest.[2] At 18:00 UTC on September 30, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression about 160 km (100 mi) east of the Philippine island of Samar.[3] Early the next day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system as Tropical Depression 22W,[4] and the PAGASA designated it with the local name Tropical Depression Kabayan.[5] All three agencies later classified Kabayan as a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it Mujigae.[6][7][8] The system was located in a region of light vertical wind shear.[citation needed]

By October 2, Mujigae made landfall over Aurora province and the JTWC later downgraded the system to a tropical depression.[9] Soon, the storm left the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Later on the same day, Mujigae reemerged into the South China Sea, where weak vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperature favored development and reorganization of the system.[citation needed] The JTWC upgraded it back to a tropical storm whilst the JMA upgraded its intensity to severe tropical storm strength.[10][11] The next day, due to radial outflow, Mujigae began a phase of rapid deepening, with convection wrapping around a developing eye, as it moved towards western Guangdong, China, prompting the JMA and the JTWC to classify Mujigae as a typhoon.[12][13]

The JTWC upgraded Mujigae to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. At that time the storm was about 350 km (215 mi) south-southwest of Hong Kong. Later on the same day, Mujigae made landfall for the second time near Zhanjiang, China.[citation needed]

Preparations and impact

Philippines

The city of Iba, on the western side of Luzon Island in the northern Philippines, was deluged with at least 175 mm (7 inches) of rain in just 24 hours. Manila was spared the worst of it but still got approximately 50 mm (2 inches) during that same time. A coast guard spokesman said search-and-rescue ships were scouring the sea west of Pangasinan, Ilocos and Zambales after two cargo ships bound for Japan had picked up nine fishermen of the Philippines, of which are all conscious from a capsized boat. According to the NDRRMC, damages amounted to PHP40.86 million (US$1.3 million).[14] Two people were reported dead in Central Luzon from the Office of Civil Defense (OCD).[15]

China

In Hainan and coastal Guangdong province, around 60,000 fishing boats were recalled to harbor to shelter from the storm. Three were reported dead in Foshan as a tornado struck from the rainbands of Mujigae and a fisherman died at sea off Zhanjiang.[16] Mujigae killed 27 people and caused a total of CNY 27.032 billion (US$4.25 billion) in economic losses.[17]

Hong Kong

As Mujigae approached Hong Kong from the southeast, the Hong Kong Observatory issued the Standby Signal No. 1 at 20:40 HKT (12:40 UTC) on October 2, when Mujigae was 670 kilometres to the southeast of Hong Kong. As the cyclone gradually intensified and moved closer to Guangdong, the Strong Wind Signal No. 3 was issued at 10:20 HKT (2:20 UTC) on October 3. Winds subsequently strengthened to become strong easterlies with gale winds over the southwestern part of Hong Kong. Strong winds and heavy rains ripped scaffoldings off buildings and knocked down scores of trees. The MTR Corp apologised to commuters after a power cut caused by a tree collapsing onto overhead cables near Fanling Station occurred, disrupting services for nearly two hours on the East Rail Line on the morning of 4 October. On the next day, a runner in this year's “Lantau 2 Peaks – A Skyrunner World Series Event” was saved by a tree, escaping with a broken arm, when he slipped off the trail and plunged down a slope near Ngong Ping in the stormy weather on Sunday morning. The 45-year-old Belgian, identified only as Michel by police, was running on Tei Tong Tsai Country Trail when he slipped at about 11.30am, with the wind reaching gale force at times. He is said to have fallen about four metres down the slope before the tree halted his fall. Rescuers took about two hours to reach the runner and a similar time to free him. He was first taken to Ngong Ping cable car station on a stretcher before being taken by ambulance to Princess Margaret Hospital.[citation needed]

A small craft, single-hull, production vessel named Europa, left Hong Kong October 1, 2015. They were headed for Subic Bay near Manila. The British captain, one fellow Brit and one each American, Canadian, and Filipino crew were not located after they initiated an EPRIB.[citation needed]

Retirement

Due to the high damage toll caused by the storm in China, the name Mujigae was retired at the Fourth Joint Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones during 2016. On February 2017, they chose the name Surigae to replace Mujigae.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Typhoon Mujigae reportedly the most powerful storm in history to hit China in Oct... Brings "rare tornadoes" many injured". The Big Wobble. October 5, 2015.
  2. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). September 30, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  3. ^ RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center (November 12, 2015). Typhoon Best Track 2015-11-12T08:00:00Z (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  4. ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 2015 (PDF) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2016. p. 40. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  5. ^ Final Report re Effects of Tropical Storm "Kabayan" (I.N. Mujigae) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. October 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  6. ^ "TS 1522 MUJIGAE (1522) UPGRADED FROM TD". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Tropical Storm 22W (Twentytwo) Warning Nr 003". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ https://www.webcitation.org/6bxSLjRxn
  9. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning Nr 04". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 06". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "STS 1522 MUJIGAE (1522) UPGRADED FROM TS". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Typhoon 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 011". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "TY 1522 MUJIGAE (1522) UPGRADED FROM STS". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "SitRep No.13 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of TS KABAYAN (MUJIGAE)" (PDF). NDRRMC. October 10, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  15. ^ "Kabayan leaves 2 dead, 31 missing". PhilStar. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  16. ^ "Typhoon Mujigae batters South China, kills 7". Xinhuanet. October 5, 2015.
  17. ^ "Member Report: China" (PDF). CMA. China Meterelogical Agency. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  18. ^ http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/final/TC48FINAL.pdf
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