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Unknown Pleasures

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This article is about the album by Joy Division. For the film by Jia Zhangke, see Unknown Pleasures (film).

Untitled

Unknown Pleasures is the debut studio album by the English rock band Joy Division, released on 15 June 1979 on Tony Wilson's Factory Records. It followed an abandoned session for RCA Records, and was recorded and mixed over three weekends at Strawberry Studios, Stockport in April 1979 with record producer Martin Hannett. The cover artwork was designed by artist Peter Saville.

Factory did not release any singles from the album, and it did not chart despite the relative success of the group's non-album debut single "Transmission". Unknown Pleasures has gone on to receive sustained critical acclaim as a pioneering and influential post-punk album. It has been named as one of the best albums ever by publications such as NME, AllMusic, and Select.

Background

Joy Division formed in Salford, Greater Manchester in 1976 during the first wave of punk rock. Bernard Sumner and Peter Hook had separately attended a Sex Pistols show at the Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall on 4 June 1976 and both embraced that band's simplicity, speed and aggression.[1] Forming a band with their friend Terry Mason on drums, Sumner on guitar and Hook on bass, they advertised for a singer. Ian Curtis, who Sumner and Hook already knew, applied and, without having to audition, was taken on.[2] After a number of changes of drummer, Stephen Morris joined the band—at that time called Warsaw—in August 1977. To avoid confusion with the London punk band Warsaw Pakt, they renamed themselves Joy Division in late 1977.[3]

After signing a recording contract with RCA Records in early 1978, Joy Division recorded some demos; however, they were unhappy with the way their music was mixed and asked to be released from their contract.[4][5] The band's first release was the self-produced extended play (EP), An Ideal for Living, which was released in June 1978. They made their television debut on Tony Wilson's local news show Granada Reports in September 1978.[6] According to Hook, the band received a £70,000 offer from Genetic Records in London.[7] However, the band's manager, Rob Gretton, approached Wilson about releasing an album on his Factory Records label.[8] Wilson explained that Gretton had calculated that given Factory's 50/50 split of profits, the band could make as much money with the indie label as it could by signing to a major. Wilson added that one of Gretton's main reasons for approaching Factory was so "he wouldn't have to get on a train to London every week and 'talk to nuggets'. No one could use the word 'cockney' with as much contempt as Rob".[8] Gretton estimated that the album would cost £8,000 to produce; however Wilson said in 2006 that the up-front cost ended at £18,000.[8]

Recording

Unknown Pleasures was recorded at Strawberry Studios in Stockport over three weekends between 1 and 17 April 1979, with Martin Hannett producing. Describing Hannett's production techniques, Hook said, "[He] didn't think straight, he thought sideways. He confused you and made you do something you didn't expect."[9] Hook went on to say, "Derek Bramwood of Strawberry Studios said that you can take a group that have got on brilliantly for 20 years, put them in a studio with Martin and within five minutes, they'll be trying to slash each other's throats." However, Hook went on to say that Hannett was only as good as the material he had to work with, "We gave him great songs, and like a top chef, he added some salt and pepper and some herbs and served up the dish. But he needed our ingredients."[9]

Hannett used a number of unusual sound effects and production techniques on the album; including the sound of a bottle smashing, someone eating crisps, backwards guitar and the sound of the Strawberry Studios lift with a Leslie speaker "whirring inside".[10] He also used the sound of a basement toilet,[11] as well as several AMS 15-80s digital delays and a couple of Marshall Time Modulators, tape echo and bounce.[12] Hannett recorded Curtis's vocals for "Insight" down a telephone line so he could achieve the "requisite distance". Referring to the recording sessions, Hook remembered, "Sumner started using a kit-built Powertran Transcendent 2000 synthesiser, most notably on 'I Remember Nothing', where it vied with the sound of Rob Gretton smashing bottles with Steve and his Walther replica pistol."[10] In his words, "Morris ... had invested in a syndrum because he thought he saw one on the cover of Can's Tago Mago: "you triggered it by hitting it. [Hannett] frowned on it because he wasn't the one doing the triggering."[10]

The band members' opinions differed on the "spacious, atmospheric sound" of the album, which did not reflect their more aggressive live sound. Sumner said, "The music was loud and heavy, and we felt that Martin had toned it down, especially with the guitars. The production inflicted this dark, doomy mood over the album: we'd drawn this picture in black and white, and Martin had coloured it in for us. We resented it ..."[2] Hook said, "I couldn't hide my disappointment then, it sounded like Pink Floyd."[10] Morris disagreed, saying, "I was happy with Unknown Pleasures. My theory on things at the time was that the two things—listening to a record and going to a gig—were quite different. You don't want to hear a record when you go to a gig: you want something with a bit of energy."[10] Curtis was also happy with the production of the album and was impressed with Hannett's work.[13] Hook conceded in 2006, "It definitely didn't turn out sounding the way I wanted it ... But now I can see that Martin did a good job on it ... There's no two ways about it, Martin Hannett created the Joy Division sound." Hook also noted that he was able to hear Curtis's lyrics and Sumner's guitar parts for the first time on the record, because during gigs the band played too loudly.[8]

In 1994, Jon Savage described the music as "a definitive Northern Gothic statement: guilt-ridden, romantic, claustrophobic".[2] Analysing Curtis's work, music journalist Richard Cook remarked in 1983: "sex has disappeared from these unknown pleasures; it is an aftermath of passion where everything's (perhaps) lost".[14]

Cover and sleeve

Peter Saville, who had previously designed posters for Manchester's Factory club in 1978, designed the cover of the album.[15] Sumner[16] chose the image used on the cover, which is based on an image of radio waves from pulsar CP 1919, from The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Astronomy. Saville reversed the image from black-on-white to white-on-black and printed it on textured card for the original version of the album.[10] It is not a Fourier analysis, but rather an image of the intensity of successive radio pulses, as stated in the Cambridge Encyclopaedia. The image was originally created by radio astronomer Harold Craft at the Arecibo Observatory for his 1970 PhD thesis.[17]

This image became well-known, featuring on T-shirts (even parodied by a quickly-withdrawn Disney shirt[18]). When reviewing the 2007 remastered version of Unknown Pleasures, Pitchfork critic Joshua Klein described the cover art as "iconic".[19] Susie Goldring, reviewing the album for BBC Online said, "The duochrome Peter Saville cover of this first Joy Division album speaks volumes. Its white on black lines reflect a pulse of power, a surge of bass, and raw angst. If the cover doesn't draw you in, the music will."[20]

The inner sleeve features a black-and-white photograph of a door with a hand near the handle. It was some years later before Saville discovered that the photograph was Hand Through a Doorway, a well-known picture by Ralph Gibson.[15] Author Chris Ott suggests that the album title was probably a reference to Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past.[21]

Release

Unknown Pleasures was initially printed in a run of 10,000 copies.[13] Sales for the album were slow until the release of the non-LP "Transmission" single, and unsold copies occupied the Factory Records office in the flat of label co-founder Alan Erasmus. Following the release of the single, the album sold out of its initial pressing in the space of weeks, and prompted further pressings. Unknown Pleasures created approximately £50,000 in profit to be shared between Factory and the band; however, Tony Wilson spent most of it on Factory projects.[22] By the conclusion of a critically acclaimed promotional tour supporting Buzzcocks in November 1979, Unknown Pleasures had neared 15,000 copies sold.[23]

Unknown Pleasures failed to chart on the UK Albums Chart. However, following Curtis's suicide in May 1980 and the release of their second album, Closer, in July, it was reissued and reached number seventy-one that August.[24] It fared better on the UK Indie Chart, placing at number two on the first chart to be published in January 1980 and going on to top the chart following its reissue, spending 136 weeks on the chart in total.[25]

In 2007, a remastered version of Unknown Pleasures along with Closer and the posthumous compilation album Still (1981) was re-released. The remastered album included a bonus disc of a live recording of the band playing at The Factory in Manchester on 13 July 1979. The album was also re-released on 180-gram vinyl with the original track listing in 2007, with this version also being available in a limited edition box set with Closer and Still.[26]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[27]
Christgau's Record GuideA−[28]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[29]
NME10/10[30]
Pitchfork10/10[31]
Q[32]
Rolling Stone[33]
Select5/5[34]
Spin Alternative Record Guide9/10[35]
Uncut[36]

Initial response

Reviewing the album for Melody Maker, Jon Savage called Unknown Pleasures an "opaque manifesto" and declared "[leaving] the twentieth century is difficult; most people prefer to go back and nostalgize, Oh boy. Joy Division at least set a course in the present with contrails for the future—perhaps you can't ask for much more. Indeed, Unknown Pleasures may very well be one of the best, white, English, debut LPs of the year."[37] Max Bell of NME hailed the album, positively citing Strange Days-era Doors and the "German experimentalists" of Can and Neu!. He described it as "extraordinary," writing that "without trying to baffle or overreach itself, this outfit step into a labyrinth that is rarely explored with any smidgeon of real conviction.[38] In Rolling Stone, music journalist Mikal Gilmore described the album as having "a doleful, deep-toned sound that often suggested an elaborate version of the Velvet Underground or an orderly Public Image Ltd."[33] By August of that year the album's stature as a favourite of critics for the year was established.[39]

Other writers were less enthusiastic. Red Starr, writing for Smash Hits, gave the album a generally positive review, describing it as a "bleak nightmare soundtrack".[40] Starr described the lyrics as "mysterious" and "doomy" which were "amidst intense music of urgent guitar, eerie effects and driving rhythms". However, Starr tempered his review by saying not to "expect too much" as the album was "still pretty raw".[40] Writing about Factory for Melody Maker in September 1979, Mary Harron was less impressed: "I found at least half of [Unknown Pleasures] to be turgid and monotonous, and the vocals heavy and melodramatic—Jim Morrison without flair."[41] She went on to say the lyrics and the atmosphere of the album "seemed to hearken back to the late Sixties" and the songs were "a series of disconnected images".[41]

Legacy

Retrospective critical writing on the album has been virtually unanimous in its praise. Stuart Maconie of Select deemed Unknown Pleasures "music without a past or a future but with the muscularity of all great rock" and "one of the greatest first albums ever."[34] Ned Raggett, reviewing the album for AllMusic, described Unknown Pleasures as "All visceral, all emotional, all theatrical, all perfect—one of the best albums ever."[27] Robert Christgau said that it was Curtis's "passionate gravity that makes the clumsy, disquieting music so convincing".[28] Colin Larkin called the music "distinctive and disturbing" in his Encyclopedia of Popular Music (2011), while highlighting "She's Lost Control", where Curtis was "at his most manically arresting".[29] In relation to the remastered re-released album in 2007, the British music magazine NME described the album as "simply one of the best records ever made, and is still powerful enough to floor you 28 years on".[30]

Unknown Pleasures has been highly rated by successive generations of the music press. Rolling Stone described the album as "punk on the edge of Goth, with echoes of disco and the Doors", and placed it number 24 in its list of the "50 Coolest Records".[42] Spin has ranked the album at number 11 in its list of the "50 Most Essential Punk Records",[43] as well as including it in its lists of the "Fifteen Most Influential Albums" and the "Top Ten College Cult Classics".[44] In the March 2003 issues of Mojo, the album was listed at number 26 in its "Top 50 Punk Albums".[45] Q magazine placed the album at number 19 in its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums".[46] NME ranked the album at number 4 in its list of "The Greatest Albums of the '70s"[citation needed], at number 44 in its 2006 list of "Top 100 British Albums Ever"[47] and at number 40 in its 2013 list of the "Greatest Albums of All Time".[48] In 2004 Pitchfork placed the album at number 9 in its list "Top 100 Albums of the 1970s".[49]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Ian Curtis, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Disorder"3:32
2."Day of the Lords"4:49
3."Candidate"3:05
4."Insight"4:29
5."New Dawn Fades"4:47
Side two
No.TitleLength
6."She's Lost Control"3:57
7."Shadowplay"3:55
8."Wilderness"2:38
9."Interzone"2:16
10."I Remember Nothing"5:53
Total length:39:24

Personnel

Joy Division
Production team

References

Notes

  1. ^ Ott, 6
  2. ^ a b c Savage, Jon. "Joy Division: Someone Take These Dreams Away". Mojo. July 1994.
  3. ^ Reynolds, 111
  4. ^ Ott, 42
  5. ^ Gimarc, 135
  6. ^ Curtis, 202
  7. ^ "30 Years of Joy 1979–2009". NME. London: IPC, 20 June 2009. 24–27
  8. ^ a b c d Wilkinson, Roy. "Ode to Joy". Mojo Classic: Morrissey and the Story of Manchester. 2006.
  9. ^ a b "In a lonely place". BBC Manchester, 13 April 2006. Retrieved on 3 July 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Savage, Jon (2007). In Unknown Pleasures [CD booklet]. London Records 90 (2564 69778 9).
  11. ^ Ott, 62
  12. ^ Ott, 63
  13. ^ a b Curtis (2007), 77
  14. ^ Cook, Richard. "Cries & Whispers (A retrospective on the vinyl pain and pleasure of Joy Division and New Order)". NME. 24 December 1983.
  15. ^ a b Wozencroft, Jon (Summer 2007). "Out of the Blue". Tate Etc. (10). Retrieved on 17 April 2013.
  16. ^ Unknown Pleasures Inside Joy Division, Peter Hook page 193
  17. ^ Christiansen, Jen (18 February 2015). "Pop Culture Pulsar: Origin Story of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures Album Cover". Scientific American. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  18. ^ Brown, August (23 January 2012). "Mickey Mouse and Joy Division: The mash-up T-shirt". Pop & Hiss: The L.A. Times Music Blog. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  19. ^ Klein, Joshua (29 October 2007). "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures / Closer / Still". Pitchfork. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  20. ^ Goldring, Susie (10 September 2007). "Joy Division, Unknown Pleasures". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  21. ^ Ott, 82
  22. ^ Ott, 90
  23. ^ Ott, 99-100
  24. ^ Roberts, David (ed.) (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums. 19th edition. London: HiT Entertainment. 291. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
  25. ^ Lazell, Barry (compiled by) (1997). Indie Hits 1980–1989. London: Cherry Red Books. 124. ISBN 0-9517206-9-4.
  26. ^ "Unknown Pleasures (Collector's Edition)". Rhino. Retrieved on 3 November 2008.
  27. ^ a b Raggett, Ned. "Unknown Pleasures – Joy Division". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  28. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (1990). "Joy Division". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. p. 222. ISBN 0-679-73015-X.
  29. ^ a b Larkin, Colin (2011). "Joy Division". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Omnibus Press. pp. 509–11. ISBN 0857125958.
  30. ^ a b "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures". NME. 17 September 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  31. ^ Klein, Joshua (29 October 2007). "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures / Closer / Still". Pitchfork. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  32. ^ Lynskey, Dorian (October 2007). "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures". Q (255).
  33. ^ a b Gilmore, Mikal (28 May 1981). "Unknown Pleasures". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  34. ^ a b Maconie, Stuart (September 1993). "That Was The Bleak That Was". Select (39): 95.
  35. ^ Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig, eds. (1995). Spin Alternative Record Guide. Vintage Books. p. 203. ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
  36. ^ Mueller, Andrew (9 October 2007). "Joy Division – Reissues". Uncut. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ Savage, Jon. Unknown Pleasures review. Melody Maker. 21 July 1979.
  38. ^ Bell, Max (14 July 1979). "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures (Factory)". NME. Rock's Backpages (subscription required). Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  39. ^ Ott, 97
  40. ^ a b Starr, Red. "Albums". Smash Hits (6–19 September 1979): 25.
  41. ^ a b Harron, Mary (29 September 1979). "Factory Records: Food For Thought". Melody Maker.
  42. ^ "50 Coolest Records". Rolling Stone, 4 November 2002. 107.
  43. ^ "50 Most Essential Punk Records]". Spin, May 2001. 109.
  44. ^ Klosterman, Chuck; Milner, Greg; Pappademas, Alex. 9 July 2003. "Fifteen Most Influential Albums". Spin. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  45. ^ "Top 50 Punk Albums". Mojo, March 2003. 76.
  46. ^ "100 Greatest British Albums". Q, June 2000. 78
  47. ^ NME staff (January 2006). "Top 100 British Albums Ever". NME. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  48. ^ NME staff (23 October 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time: 100-1 | NME.COM". NME. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  49. ^ Pitchfork staff (23 June 2004). "Staff Lists: Top 100 Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork. Retrieved 2 August 2016.

Sources

  • Curtis, Deborah. Touching from a Distance: Ian Curtis and Joy Division, 1995. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-17445-0
  • Gimarc, George. Punk Diary: The Ultimate Trainspotter's Guide to Underground Rock 1970–1982. Backbeat Books, 2005. ISBN 0-87930-848-6
  • Hook, Peter. Unknown Pleasures: Inside Joy Division. London: Simon & Schuster, 2013. ISBN 1-8498-3360-5
  • Ott, Chris. Unknown Pleasures, (33⅓ series). New York: Continuum, 2004. ISBN 0-8264-1549-0
  • Bernard Sumner. Chapter and Verse - New Order, Joy Division and Me. London: Bantam Press, 2014 ISBN 978-0-5930-7317-9
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