User:Axiom292/al-Maqdisi draft

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Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi
Personal
Bornc. 1146
Jamma'il, Kingdom of Jerusalem (present-day Jamma'in, Nablus Governorate, West Bank)
Died29 November 1203
Egypt
Resting placeal-Qarafah, Cairo, Egypt
DenominationSunni Islam
JurisprudenceHanbali
CreedAthari
Main interest(s)Hadith
Other namesTaqi ad-Din (laqab)
Abu Muhammad (kunyah)
OccupationIslamic scholar, Muhaddith, Faqih
Senior posting
Influenced by

Taqī ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Ghanī ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid ibn ‘Alī al-Maqdisī al-Jammā‘īlī ad-Dimashqī aṣ-Ṣāliḥī al-Ḥanbalī (Arabic: تقي الدين أبو محمد عبد الغني بن عبد الواحد بن علي المقدسي الجماعيلي الدمشقي الصالحي الحنبلي; c. 1146 – 29 November 1203) was a Sunni Islamic scholar, a Hanbali jurist (faqih), and a traditionist (muhaddith).

Name and background[edit]

He was Taqi ad-Din, Abu Muhammad, `Abd al-Ghani ibn `Abd al-Wahid ibn `Ali ibn Surur ibn Rafi` ibn Hasan ibn Ja`far, al-Maqdisi, al-Jamma`ili, then ad-Dimashqi, as-Salihi, al-Hanbali.[1][note 1] He was from al-Maqadisah, a group or family-clan of Hanbali scholars who immigrated to Damascus mostly from the area around Nablus in Palestine.[3][4] They had the nisbah al-Maqdisi either because of the proximity of Nablus to Jerusalem (bayt al-maqdis) or because of its location in the Holy Land, called al-ard al-muqaddasah in the Qur'an.[5] He was called al-Jamma`ili indicating his birthplace, Jamma`il, a village near Nablus. The nisbah ad-Dimashqi refers to Damascus. As-Salihi refers to the Salihiyah quarter of the city, where the Maqadisah settled. Al-Hanbali indicates his adherence to the Hanbali madhhab.

Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi's lineage is traced to Ja`far ibn Abi Talib, the older brother of `Ali ibn Abi Talib, as a longer nasab shows: ‘Abd al-Ghanī ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid ibn ‘Alī ibn Surūr ibn Rāfi‘ ibn Ḥasan ibn Ja‘far ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Ismā‘īl ibn Ja‘far ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Ja‘far ibn Abī Ṭālib ibn ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim.[6][note 2]

Abd al-Ghani's mother was the sister of Muwaffaq ad-Din Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi. Abd al-Ghani and Ibn Qudamah were close in age and are mentioned as cousins in sources.

He is often referred to as Hafiz Abd al-Ghani or Imam Abd al-Ghani.

Biography[edit]

Abd al-Ghani ibn Abd al-Wahid was born in Jamma`il near Nablus in the Kingdom of Jerusalem (presently Jamma`in[3], Nablus Governorate, West Bank).[1][7][2][8]

Different sources indicate he was born in 541, 543, or 544 AH (1146/1147, 1148/1149, or 1149/1150).[8] He was born in 541 AH according to adh-Dhahabi and Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali. Both quote his brother Diya ad-Din as saying that he thought Abd al-Ghani to be born in Rabi` al-akhir 541 AH (c. 10 September – c. 8 October 1146) based on the statement of his mother, who said that Abd al-Ghani was four months older than his cousin Ibn Qudamah, who was born in Sha`ban 541 AH.[1][7] Ibn Rajab also presents two sources that state he was born in 543 or 544 AH: al-Mundhiri states that Abd al-Ghani's companions gave evidence that he was born in 544 AH, and Ibn an-Najjar states in his Tarikh that he asked Abd al-Ghani himself about his birth, and he said that it was either in 543 AH or 544 AH, and that 544 AH was more correct.[7]

Around 551 or 552 AH (1146/1147 or 1147/1148) Abd al-Ghani immigrated to Damascus along with men, women, and children of eight different villages of Mt. Nablus.[9][10][11][12] The initiator of this emigration was Abd al-Ghani's grandfather, Shaykh Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudamah, the imam and khatib (preacher) of Jamma`il, whose life had been threatened by the local Frankish lord, Baldwin of Ibelin.[11][12] Other prominent relatives that Abd al-Ghani accompanied were his brother Imad ad-Din Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Wahid, Muwaffaq ad-Din Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudamah, and Abu Umar Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudamah.[9]

They first stayed at the Abu Salih Mosque outside the eastern gate of Damascus, and after two years moved to the foot of Mount Qasiyun, just outside the city walls. This area would later be known as as-Salihiyah.[9][13]

Abd al-Ghani undertook his early education alongside his brother Ibrahim and his cousin Abd Allah. Shaykh Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudamah was their first teacher as well as of all the other boys of the family.[13]

And al-Ghani continued his education under the shaykhs of Damascus, including Abu’l-Mukārim ibn Hilāl, Abu’l-Ma‘ālī ibn Ṣābir, and Abū ‘Abd Allāh ibn Ḥamzah ibn Abī Jamīl al-Qurashī.[7][13]

In 560 or 561 AH (1164/1165 or 1165/1166) he and Ibn Qudamah traveled to Baghdad.[13][note 3] They stayed in Baghdad for four years. They first stayed with Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani though they were only with him for less than two months before his death.[note 4]

He invited them to stay in his madrasah and was hospitable to them. He would send his son to light their lamp and send them food from his own kitchen. He would lead them in the obligatory prayers. They studied fiqh from him. Al-`Ulaymi writes in al-Manhaj al-Ahmad that Ibn Qudamah stated that both he and Abd al-Ghani received the khirqah from the hand of Shaykh Abd al-Qadir. [16]

They would go out together and accompany each other in their studies. Abd al-Ghani inclined towards hadith while Ibn Qudamah inclined towards fiqh (jurisprudence), hence Abd al-Ghani studied fiqh from Ibn Qudamah, while Ibn Qudamah heard many hadith from Abd al-Ghani.

After Abd al-Qadir's death he studied fiqh and differences of opinion under Abu’l Fatḥ Ibn al-Muná and Abu’l-Faraj Ibn al-Jawzī.[9]

In Baghdad he also heard from Abu’l-Fatḥ ibn al-Baṭṭī, Aḥmad ibn al-Muqrī al-Karkhī, Abū Bakr ibn an-Naqūr, Hibat Allāh ad-Daqqāq, Abū Zur‘ah al-Maqdisī, and others.

He then returned to Damascus, and then in 566 AH (1170/1171) he went to Egypt where he studied in Alexandria under Abu Tahir as-Silafi.[1][7][9] He stayed there for a period and then returned to Damascus.[7] In 570 AH he traveled again to Alexandria to see as-Silafi.[1][7] In Egypt he also heard from Ibn Birri an-Nahwi and others, then he returned to Damascus.[7]

Then around 570 AH he traveled to Asbahan (Isfahan). He stayed there for a time, heard a lot, and obtained good books.[1][7] In Hamadan he heard from ‘Abd ar-Razzāq ibn Ismā‘īl al-Qaramānī, Hafiẓ Abu’l-‘Alā’, and others. In Asbahan he heard from Abu Mūsá al-Madīnī and Abū Sa‘d aṣ-Ṣā’igh. In Mawsil (Mosul) he heard from its khatib Abu’l-Faḍl aṭ-Ṭūsī. He returned to Damascus in 578.[2][7]


He died while in the company of his family on Monday, 23 Rabi` al-awwal 600 AH (29 November 1203) and was buried the next day in al-Qarafah in Cairo. He left behind three sons, all of whom were scholars.

Studies[edit]

Al-Maqdisi traveled throughout the Muslim world in search of knowledge, visiting cities including Damascus, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Baghdad, Harran, Mosul, Isfahan, Hamedan, Damietta, Baalbek, and Cairo.[8][17]

Baghdad[edit]

  • Abu’l-Fatḥ ibn al-Baṭṭī
  • Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Rabāh al-Farā’
  • ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī
  • Hibat Allāh ad-Daqqāq
  • Abū Zur‘ah al-Maqdisī
  • Mu‘ammar ibn al-Fākhir
  • Aḥmad ibn al-Muqarrib
  • Yaḥyá ibn Thābit
  • Abū Bakr ibn an-Naqūr
  • Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Ghanī al-Bājisrā’ī
  • Abu’l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzī[18][19]
  • Ibn al-Minnī[1]

Alexandria[edit]

  • Abū Ṭāhir as-Silafī

Damascus[edit]

  • Abu’l-Mukārim ibn Hilāl
  • Salmān ibn ‘Alī ar-Raḥbī
  • Abu’l-Ma‘ālī ibn Ṣābir

Egypt[edit]

  • Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī ar-Raḥbī
  • ‘Abd Allāh ibn Birrī

Isfahan[edit]

  • Abū Mūsá al-Madīnī
  • Abu’l-Wafā’ Maḥmūd ibn Ḥamakā
  • Abu’l-Fatḥ al-Kharqī
  • Ibn Yinal at-Turk
  • Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid aṣ-Ṣā’igh
  • Ḥabīb ibn Ibrāhīm aṣ-Ṣūfī

Mosul[edit]

  • Abu’l-Faḍl aṭ-Ṭūsī


Physical description[edit]

Diya ad-Din al-Maqdisi said of his brother Abd al-Ghani, "He was white but not mixed with red and not bright white, rather he was more inclined towards a brownish-white, nice hair, a thick beard, a wide forehead, large in stature, full-bodied, as if there was light coming from his face, and his eyesight was poor from crying, transcribing, and reading so much."[1]

Works[edit]

  • al-Miṣbāḥ fī ‘uyūn al-aḥādīth aṣ-ṣiḥāḥ (المصباح في عيون الأحاديث الصحاح)
  • Nihāyat al-murād min kalām khayr al-‘ibād (نهاية المراد)
  • al-Yawāqīt (اليواقيت)
  • Tuḥfat aṭ-ṭālibīn fī al-jihād wa-al-mujāhidīn (تحفة الطالبين في الجهاد والمجاهدين)
  • Faḍā’il khayr al-barīyah (فضائل خير البرية)
  • ar-Rawḍah (الروضة)
  • at-Tahajjud (التهجد)
  • al-Faraj (الفرج)
  • aṣ-Ṣilāt ilá al-amwāt (الصلات إلى الأموات)
  • aṣ-Ṣifāt (الصفات)
  • Miḥnat al-Imām Aḥmad (محنة الإمام أحمد)
  • Dhamm ar-riyā’ (ذم الرياء)
  • Dhamm al-ghībah (ذم الغيبة)
  • at-Targhīb fī du‘ā’ (الترغيب في الدعاء)
  • Faḍā’il Makkah (فضائل مكة)
  • al-Amr bi-al-ma‘rūf (الأمر بالمعروف)
  • Faḍl Ramaḍān (فضل رمضان)
  • Faḍl ṣadaqah (فضل الصدقة)
  • Faḍl ‘ashr Dhī al-Ḥijjah (فضل عشر ذي الحجة)
  • Faḍā’il al-ḥajj (فضائل الحج)
  • Faḍl Rajab (فضل رجب)
  • Wafāt an-Nabī (وفاة النبي)
  • al-Aqsām allatī aqsam bihā an-Nabī (الأقسام التي أقسم بها النبي)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الأربعين)
  • al-Arba‘īn (أربعين من كلام رب العالمين)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الأربعين)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الأربعين)
  • al-Arba‘īn (اعتقاد الشافعي)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الحكايات)
  • al-Arba‘īn (تحقيق مشكل الألفاظ)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الجامع الصغير في الأحكام)
  • al-Arba‘īn (ذكر القبور)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الأحاديث والحكايات)
  • al-Arba‘īn (مناقب عمر بن عبد العزيز)
  • al-Arba‘īn (مناقب الصحابة)
  • al-Arba‘īn (أحكامه الكبرى)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الصغرى)
  • al-Arba‘īn (درر الأثر)
  • al-Arba‘īn (السيرة)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الأدعية الصحيحة)
  • al-Arba‘īn (تبيين الإصابة لأوهام حصلت لأبي نعيم في معرفة الصحابة)
  • al-Arba‘īn (الكمال في معرفة رجال الكتب الستة)


See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ In Mu`jam al-Buldan, Yaqut gives the name Nāfi‘ (نافع) instead of Rāfi‘ (رافع‎).[2]
  2. ^ Arabic: عبد الغني بن عبد الواحد بن علي سرور بن رافع بن حسن بن جعفر بن إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن جعفر بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر بن أبي طالب بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم
  3. ^ Yaqut says 560 AH (1164/1165).[2] Ibn Rajab says 561 AH (1165/1166).[7] Adh-Dhahabi says the beginning of 561 AH.[1]
  4. ^ Sources differ on the exact number of days. In Siyar, in the chapter on Abd al-Ghani, adh-Dhahabi says they stayed with him for fifty nights before he died.[1] In the chapter on Shaykh Abd al-Qadir, adh-Dhahabi reports from Abu Bakr ibn Tarkhan that Ibn Qudamah said they stayed with him for a month and nine days, then he died.[14] In Tabaqat, Ibn Rajab says they stayed with him for close to forty days, then he died.[7] Al-`Ulaymi in al-Manhaj al-Ahmad quotes Ibn Qudamah as saying they saw him for fifty nights of his life. [15]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Dhahabī (2001) [Written before 1349]. "عبد الغني / 'Abd al-Ghanī". سير أعلام النبلاء / Siyar a'lām al-nubalā' (in Arabic). Vol. Volume 21. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
    Part of the chapter is translated in "Imam Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi's Biography". 20 July 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d Yaqūt ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (1977) [Written c. 1229]. معجم البلدان / Mu'jam al-buldān (in Arabic). Vol. Volume 2. Beirut: Dar Sader. pp. 159–160. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
    The section on Abd al-Ghani is translated in Margoliouth, D. S. (April 1907). "XII. Contributions to the Biography of 'Abd al-Kadir of Jilan". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 39 (2). London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 289–290. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00035954.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ^ a b Al-Ju'beh, Nazmi (2009) [Print version published 2008]. "Palestinian Identity and Cultural Heritage". In Heacock, Roger (ed.). Temps et Espaces en Palestine: Flux et resistances identitaires / Of Times and Spaces in Palestine: The Flows and Resistances of Identity. Beirut: Presses de l’Ifpo. pp. 205–231. ISBN 9782351592656.
  4. ^ Leder, Stefan (September 2009). "Charismatic Scripturalism The Ḥanbalī Maqdisīs of Damascus". Der Islam. 74 (2): 297–304.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. ^ Drory, Joseph (1988). "Hanbalis of the Nablus Region in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Asian and African Studies. 22: 93–112. Cited by Sayeed, Asma (2002). "Women and Ḥadīth Transmission Two Case Studies from Mamluk Damascus". Studia Islamica (95). Maisonneuve & Larose: 71–94. doi:10.2307/1596142. JSTOR 1596142.
  6. ^ "أسر الأشراف من الحنابلة". al-Watan. 14 March 2013. p. 36.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali. الذيل على طبقات الحنابلة / al-Dhayl 'ala Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah.
  8. ^ a b c "Al-Haafidh Abdul-Ghaniyy al-Maqdisi (d. 600H)". aqidah.com. 8 December 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e "الإمام عبد الغني المقدسي". turkmani.com.
  10. ^ Meri, Josef W. (2002). The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria (Reprinted ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 0199250782.
  11. ^ a b Talmon-Heller, Daniella (1994). "The Shaykh and the Community: Popular Hanbalite Islam in 12th-13th Century Jabal Nablus and Jabal Qasyūn". Studia Islamica (79). Maisonneuve & Larose: 103–120. doi:10.2307/1595838. JSTOR 1595838.
  12. ^ a b Talmon-Heller, Daniella (2007). Islamic piety in medieval Syria : mosques, cemeteries and sermons under the Zangids and Ayyūbids (1146-1260) ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 96. ISBN 9789004158092.
  13. ^ a b c d "Biography of Shaikh al-Islam al-Muwaffaq, the Author of al-`Umda [the Mainstay]" in Muwaffaq ad-Din Ibn Qudamah. The Mainstay [al-'Umda] (PDF).
  14. ^ Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Dhahabī (2001) [Written before 1349]. "الشيخ عبد القادر / ash-Shaykh 'Abd al-Qādir". سير أعلام النبلاء / Siyar a'lām al-nubalā' (in Arabic). Vol. Volume 20. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  15. ^ "Hanbalis who took the path of Tasawwuf". seekingilm.com. 16 December 2006.
  16. ^ Mujir ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-`Ulaymi (1997). al-Manhaj al-Ahmad (in Arabic). Vol. Volume 3 (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Sader. p. 226. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  17. ^ Abu Abdur-Rahman Khalid bin Abdur-Rahman bin Hamad ash-Shaiy. "A Brief Biography of the Author". {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) In Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi (2004). Short Biography of Prophet and his Ten Companions Who were given the Tidings of Paradise. Riyadh: Darussalam. ISBN 9960899128.
  18. ^ Abuz-Zubair. "Ibn al-Jawzi: A Lifetime of Da'wah". IslamicAwakening.Com.
  19. ^ "al-Hafiz Abdul-Ghani al Maqdisi". Cordoba Academy.
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