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Chohans Of Ajmer | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6th century–1350 | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | |||||||||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism, Jainism | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||
• 6th century | Chohan (first) | ||||||||||||||
• c. 1345-1350 CE | Hariraja (last) | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 6th century | ||||||||||||||
| 1350 | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||||||||
The Chauhan Chohan was a dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Rajasthan and Haryana Areas in India, between the 6th and 13th centuries. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha. They were the most prominent ruling family of the Chohan (Chauhan) Gurjar Clan.
The Chohan had their capital at Shakumbari (present-day Sambhar Lake Town). Until the 10th century, they ruled as Gurjar Pratihar vassals. When the Gurjar Pratihara power declined after the Tripartite Struggle, the Chahamana ruler Simharaja assumed the title Maharajadhiraja. In the early 12th century, Ajayaraja II moved the kingdom's capital to Ajmer). For this reason, they are also known as the Chohans of Ajmer.
History[edit]
The Chauhan Gurjars are related to chechi Gurjars and almost all Gurjar clan like Gurjar pratihars, Hindu Shahi Khatana,Chauhan, Chechi were at one point a single entity which later on they became separate from each other to give some more information the Chauhan Gujjars are of Khazarian origin. AL BIRUNI; In his book when he came with Turkic King Muhammad Ghazni entered Rajasthan and Gujarat he mentioned what he saw“the Gurjara clan of Chauhan resemble and behave more like of warlike warriors like the Karluk Turks who defeated target tribe ”.He mentioned that in KITAB e HIND the Chauhan is Gurjar. The Chohans fought several wars with their Neighbour, including the Chaulukyas Gurjar of Gujarat, the Tomaras Gurjars of Delhi, the Paramara Gurjars of Malwa, and the Chandela Gurjars of Bundelkhand to expand their territory. The Chohan Dynasty reached its zenith under Vigraharaja IV in the mid-12th century. The Chohan dynasty's power effectively ended in 1350 CE.
According to the 1170 CE Bijolia rock inscription of Someshvara, the earlyChauhan king Samantaraja was born at Ahichchhatrapura in the gotra of sage Vatsa.[1] Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that the Chauhans probably started out as petty rulers of Ahichchhatrapura (identified with Nagaur), and moved their capital to Shakumbari (Sambhar) as their kingdom grew. Later, they became the vassals of the imperial Gurjar-Pratihars.[2] The earliest sources to mention this legend are the 16th century recensions of Prithviraj Raso. Some colonial-era historians interpreted this myth to suggest a foreign Gurjar origin of the dynasty, speculating that the foreign warriors were initiated into the Hindu society through a fire ritual.[3] However, the Prithviraj Raso does mention this legend As Gurjar King.
Simharaja's successors consolidated the Chohans' power by engaging in wars with their neighbors, including the Chalukya Gurjars of Gujarat and the Tomara Gurjars of Delhi. The dynasty's earliest extant inscription (973 CE) is from the reign of Vigraharaja II.[4] During the reign of Viryarama (r. c. 1040 CE), the Paramara Gurjar king Bhoja invaded the Chohan kingdom, and probably occupied their capital Shakumbari for a brief period.[5] Chamundaraja restored the Chohan power, possibly with the help of the Naddula Chohans.[5]
The subsequent Chohans kings faced several Ghaznavid raids. Ajayaraja II (r. c. 1110-1135 CE) repulsed a Ghaznavid attack, and also defeated the Paramara king Naravarman. He moved the kingdom's capital from Shakambhari to Ajayameru (Ajmer), a city that he either established or greatly expanded. [6][7] His successor Arnoraja raided the Tomara territory, and also repulsed a Ghaznavid invasion. However, he suffered setbacks against the Gujarat Chaulukya kings Jayasimha Siddharaja and Kumarapala and was killed by his own son Jagaddeva. [8]
The most celebrated ruler of the dynasty was Someshvara's son Prithviraj III, better known as Prithviraj Chauhan. He defeated several neighboring kings, including the Chandela ruler Paramardi in 1182-83, although he could not annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom.[9] In 1191, he defeated the Ghurid king Muhammad of Ghor at the First Battle of Tarain. However, the next year, he was defeated at the Second Battle of Tarain, and subsequently killed.[10]
Muhammad of Ghor appointed Prithviraja's son Govindaraja IV as a vassal. Prithviraj's brother Hariraja dethroned him and regained control of a part of his ancestral kingdom. Hariraja was defeated by the Ghurids in 1194 CE. Govindaraja was granted the fief of Ranthambore by the Ghurids. There, he established a new branch of the dynasty. [11]
List of rulers[edit]
The most celebrated ruler of the dynasty Following is a list of Chohan Gurjar rulers.
- Chahamana (possibly mythical)
- Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)
- Samanta-raja (c. 684-709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh
- Nara-deva (c. 709-721 CE)
- Ajaya-raja I (c. 721-734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
- Vigraha-raja I (c. 734-759 CE)
- Chandra-raja I (c. 759-771 CE)
- Gopendra-raja (c. 771-784 CE)
- Durlabha-raja I (c. 784-809 CE)
- Govinda-raja I (c. 809-836 CE), alias Guvaka I
- Chandra-raja II (c. 836-863 CE)
- Govindaraja II (c. 863-890 CE), alias Guvaka II
- Chandana-raja (c. 890-917 CE)
- Vakpati-raja (c. 917-944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chauhan branch
- Simha-raja (c. 944-971 CE)
- Vigraha-raja II (c. 971-998 CE)
- Durlabha-raja II (c. 998-1012 CE)
- Govinda-raja III (c. 1012-1026 CE)
- Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026-1040 CE)
- Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
- Chamunda-raja (c. 1040-1065 CE)
- Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065-1070 CE), alias Duśala
- Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070-1090 CE), alias Visala
- Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090-1110 CE)
- Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110-1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
- Arno-raja (c. 1135-1150 CE), alias Ana
- Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
- Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150-1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
- Apara-gangeya (c. 1164-1165 CE)
- Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165-1169 CE)
- Someshvara (c. 1169-1178 CE)
- Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178-1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
- Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
- Hari-raja (c. 1193-1194 CE)
References[edit]
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 11.
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 89.
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 25-26.
- ^ Cynthia Talbot 2015, p. 33.
- ^ a b Dasharatha Sharma 1959, pp. 34–35.
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, pp. 131–132.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 40.
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 140-141.
- ^ Cynthia Talbot 2015, pp. 39.
- ^ Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008, p. xvii.
- ^ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 221.
Bibliography[edit]
- Anita Sudan (1989). A study of the Cahamana inscriptions of Rajasthan. Research. OCLC 20754525.
- Cynthia Talbot (2015). The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107118560.
- Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189.
- Har Bilas Sarda (1935). Speeches And Writings Har Bilas Sarda. Ajmer: Vedic Yantralaya.
- Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864016.
Category:Dynasties of India Category:History of Rajasthan Category:7th-century establishments in India Category:12th-century disestablishments in India