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Ivan Aguéli ('Abd al-Hādī 'Aqīlī) | |
|---|---|
 Ivan Aguéli in Cairo. | |
| Title | Sheikh, "Muqaddim of Europe" |
| Personal life | |
| Born | May 24, 1869 Sala, Västmanland, Sweden |
| Died | October 1, 1917 (aged 48) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain |
| Era | 14th century AH |
| Region | Europe, Egypt |
| Main interest(s) | Sufism, Impressionism, Symbolism, Comparative religion, Animal rights, Anarchism |
| Notable idea(s) | Non-syncretic metaphysical comparative analysis of orthodox religious esotericisms, the core of the traditionalist method. |
| Notable work(s) | Écrits pour La Gnose (French) |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Maliki[1] |
| Creed | Shadhili, Malamatiyya |
| Senior posting | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii) (May 24, 1869 – October 1, 1917) also named Shaykh ʿAbd al-Hādī al-ʿAqīlī (Arabic: شيخ عبد الهادی عقیلی) upon his conversion to Islam, was a Swedish wandering Sufi, painter and author. As a devotee of Ibn Arabi, his metaphysics applied to the study of Islamic esoterism and its similarities with other esoteric traditions of the world. He was the initiator of René Guénon into Sufism[2] and founder of the Parisian Al Akbariyya society. His art was a unique form of miniature Post-Impressionism where he used the blend of colours to create a sense of depth and distance. His unique style of art made him one of the founders of the Swedish contemporary art movement.
Childhood and youth
[edit]Ivan Aguéli was born John Gustaf Agelii in the small Swedish town of Sala in 1869, the son of veterinarian Johan Gabriel Agelii. Through his mother, he was related to the 18th century Swedish metaphysician Emanuel Swedenborg.[3]
Between the years 1879–1889, Aguéli conducted his studies in Gotland and Stockholm. Early on in his youth he began showing an exceptional artistic talent and a keen interest in religious mysticism.
In 1889 he adopted the name Ivan Aguéli and travelled to Paris where he became the student of the Symbolist painter Émile Bernard. Before returning to Sweden in 1890 he made a detour to London, where he met the Russian anarchist scholar Prince Kropotkin.[4]
Returning to Stockholm in 1890, Aguéli attended art school in Stockholm where he was taught by the Swedish artists Anders Zorn and Richard Bergh. By the end of 1892, he again returned to Paris, where he became acquainted with French poet and animal-rights activist Marie Huot (1846–1930). Active in French anarchist circles, he was in 1894 arrested and put on trial in the "Trial of the thirty". Within months of his release in 1895 he left France for Egypt, where he lived until he returned to Paris in 1896.[5] It was later on in Paris that Aguéli ended up converting to Islam and adopted the name 'Abd al-Hadi.
In 1899 he travelled to Colombo (in today's Sri Lanka), again returning to France in 1900.[6]
Egypt
[edit]In 1902 Aguéli moved to Cairo and became one of the first Western Europeans to be officially enrolled at Al-Azhar University, where he studied Arabic and Islamic philosophy.[7] In 1902 he was also initiated into the al-'Arabiyya Shadhiliyya Sufi order by the great Egyptian Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahman Ilaysh al-Kabir (1840–1921).[8]
With the blessing of Shaykh Ilaysh, Aguéli and an Italian journalist and fellow-convert named Enrico Insabato (1878–1963) founded and contributed to an Italian magazine published in Cairo (1904–1913) named Il Convito (Arabic: An-Nadi).
Al Akbariyya
[edit]Ivan Aguéli founded Al Akbariyya as a secret Sufi society in Paris in 1911. Among its first members was René Guénon. Its purpose was to promote the teachings of Muhyeddin Ibn al-Arabi among the "scholarly, educated and freethinking classes..."[9] through the practice of the Shadhili and Malamati Sufi paths. The only time this society is mentioned is in a letter written by Aguéli in September 1911 to an unknown address in Cairo announcing its founding,[9] not much more is known.
First World War and Spain
[edit]Suspected to be an Ottoman spy he was expelled to Spain in 1916. Stranded in Spain, Aguéli lacked the funds to continue back to Sweden. In Spain, Aguéli was left without money to return to Sweden and on October 1, 1917 he was killed by a train at a rail crossing in the village of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat outside Barcelona.[10]
After Aguéli's death, Prince Eugen Bernadotte, who was known as a patron of artists, made certain to return his paintings and belongings to Sweden.
Aguéli's heritage
[edit]
In Sweden, Aguéli is admired as a celebrated contemporary painter. Most of his paintings are found at the Swedish National Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Modern Art and the Aguéli Museum in Sala.
Aguélis prominence in Sweden was clearly shown in 1969 when, at the centenary of his birth, six of his paintings were printed as stamps by the Swedish Postal Service.
Aguéli's remains were kept in Barcelona, Spain until 1981, when he was brought back to Sweden and re-buried with Islamic rites in his hometown of Sala.
The Aguéli Museum in Sala has the largest collection of his artworks, donated by Sala's well-known physician Carl Friberg to Nationalmuseum.
Bibliography
[edit]Swedish:
- Almqvist, Kurt; I tjänst hos det enda – ur René Guénons verk, Natur & Kultur, 1977.
- Almqvist, Kurt; Ordet är dig nära. Om uppenbarelsen i hjärtat och i religionerna, Delsbo, 1994.
- Brummer, Hans-Erik (red.); Ivan Aguéli, Stockholm, 2006.
- Ekelöf, Gunnar; Ivan Aguéli, 1944.
- Gauffin, Axel; Ivan Aguéli – Människan, mystikern, målaren I-II, Sveriges Allmänna Konstförenings Publikation, 1940–41.
- Wessel, Viveca; Ivan Aguéli – Porträtt av en rymd, 1988.
English:
- Chacornac, Paul; The Simple Life of Réne Guénon, pp. 31–37, Sophia Perennis.
- Hatina, Meir; Where East Meets West: Sufism as a Lever for Cultural Rapprochement, pp. 389–409, Volume 39, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Sufism: Love and Wisdom, page X of foreword, Worldwisdom, 2006.
- Nur ad-Din, Farid (introduction and translation); Universality in Islam, Studies in Comparative Religion, Worldwisdom, 2011.
- Turner, Jade (ed.); The Grove Dictionary of Art, pp. 465–466, Grove, 1996.
- Waterfield, Robin; Réne Guénon and the Future of the West, pp. 28–30, Sophia Perennis.
French:
- Abdul-Hâdi (John Gustav Agelii, dit Ivan Aguéli); Écrits pour La Gnose, comprenant la traduction de l'arabe du Traité de l'Unité, Archè, 1988.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ No document stating Aguéli as a Maliki is known. It's unlikely this wasn't the case though, as his Sheikh, Ilaysh al-Kabir, was himself a Maliki,[citation needed] and al-Kabir's father, Mohammad Ilaysh, was the head of the Maliki college at Al-Azhar University, receiving the title "Restorer of the Maliki Faith".[citation needed]
- ^ Waterfield, p.29
- ^ Patrick Laude, Universal Dimensions of Islam: Studies in Comparative Religion, World Wisdom (2011), p. 134
- ^ Gauffin I, p.67
- ^ Gauffin I, pp.131
- ^ Gauffin II, pp.42
- ^ Gauffin II, pp.121
- ^ Almqvist, pp.17–19
- ^ a b Gauffin, Axel (1940). Ivan Aguéli – Människan, mystikern, målaren (in Swedish). Vol. 2. Sveriges Allmänna Konstförenings Publikation. pp. 188–189.
- ^ Patrick Laude, Universal Dimensions of Islam: Studies in Comparative Religion, World Wisdom (2011), p. 134