William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil

For other people named William Morrison, see William Morrison (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable The Viscount Dunrossil GCMG MC KStJ PC QC
14th Governor-General of Australia
In office 2 February 1960 – 3 February 1961
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Robert Menzies
Preceded by	Sir William Slim
Succeeded by	The Viscount De L'Isle
Speaker of the House of Commons
In office 31 October 1951 – 19 September 1959
Monarchs	George VI Elizabeth II
Preceded by	Sir Douglas Clifton Brown
Succeeded by	Sir Harry Hylton-Foster
Postmaster General
In office 15 May 1940 – 1942
Monarch	George VI
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	George Tryon
Succeeded by	Harry Crookshank
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office 29 January 1939 – 3 April 1940
Monarch	George VI
Prime Minister	Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by	The Earl Winterton
Succeeded by	George Tryon
Minister of Food
In office 4 September 1939 – 3 April 1940
Monarch	George VI
Prime Minister	Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by	Office Established Charles McCurdy as Minister of Food Control, 1921
Succeeded by	The Lord Woolton
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
In office 29 October 1936 – 29 January 1939
Monarchs	Edward VIII George VI
Prime Minister	Stanley Baldwin
Preceded by	Walter Elliot
Succeeded by	Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith
Personal details
Born	William Shepherd Morrison (1893-08-10)10 August 1893 Torinturk, Argyll, United Kingdom
Died	3 February 1961(1961-02-03) (aged 67) Canberra, ACT, Australia
Resting place	St John the Baptist Church, Reid
Political party	Conservative

William Shepherd Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil GCMG MC KStJ PC QC (10 August 1893 – 3 February 1961) was a British Conservative politician who served as Speaker of the House of Commons and the 14th Governor-General of Australia.

Early life

Morrison was born in Scotland and educated at George Watson's College and the University of Edinburgh. He joined the British Army as an officer in the First World War and served with an artillery regiment in France, where he won the Military Cross. In 1919 he left the Army with the rank of Captain. He was elected to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Cirencester and Tewkesbury in 1929. In Parliament he acquired the nickname "Shakes", from his habit of quoting from the works of William Shakespeare.

Ministerial career

Morrison had a long ministerial career under four Prime Ministers (Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill). He was:

• Parliamentary Secretary to the Attorney-General 1931-35,
• Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1935-36,
• Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 1936-39,
• Minister of Food 1939-40,
• Postmaster-General 1940-43
• Minister for Town and Country Planning 1943-45.

Political life

Campaigning during the general election of 1945, Morrison attacked Socialism and contended that Hitler and Mussolini began as Socialists. He further claimed that although Labour objected to the Conservatives calling themselves 'National', the Conservatives had no objection in their opponents labelling themselves National-Socialists. In 1947 he attacked identity cards which had been introduced during the war because he believed they were a nuisance to law-abiding people and also because the cards were ineffective.

In 1951, when the Conservatives returned to power, Morrison was elected Speaker of the House of Commons. He was opposed by Labour MP Major James Milner, who said it was his party's turn to have a Speaker of the House. It was the first contested election for the post in the twentieth century. Morrison was elected in a vote on party lines.

Governor-General of Australia

Morrison held the post of Speaker until 1959, when he announced that he would not be contesting the forthcoming general election but retiring for reasons of health. As was customary for former Speakers, he was made a Viscount, taking the title Viscount Dunrossil, of Vallaquie in the Isle of North Uist and County of Inverness. Given his health, it surprised many when it was announced shortly thereafter that he had been chosen to succeed Sir William Slim as Governor-General of Australia. He was also appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) that year. By this time support for the idea of British governors-general was declining in Australia, but the Liberal Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, was determined to maintain the British link (and, in particular, the Scottish link).

Honours and decorations

	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)	1959
	Military Cross (MC)	1915
	Knight of the Order of St John (KStJ)	1960
	1914-15 Star
	British War Medal
	Victory Medal
	King George V Silver Jubilee Medal	1935
	King George VI Coronation Medal	1937
	Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal	1952

End of life

Dunrossil took office on 2 February 1960. However he died suddenly in Canberra only a year later (almost to the very day), on 3 February 1961. He was buried in Canberra at historic St John the Baptist Church, Reid and remains the only Australian governor-general to die in office. His Official Secretary throughout his term was Murray Tyrrell.

The 1st Viscount was succeeded by his son, John Morrison, 2nd Viscount Dunrossil, who was a career officer in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, holding several senior diplomatic appointments, including serving as Governor of Bermuda. He was proud to wear his father's vice-regal hat on formal occasions on the island colony.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Dunrossil
• ADB Entry