Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Екатеринбург | |
|---|---|
| Views of Yekaterinburg Views of Yekaterinburg | |
.svg) Flag | |
Location of Yekaterinburg  | |
  Yekaterinburg Location of Yekaterinburg  Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 56°50′8″N 60°36′46″E / 56.83556°N 60.61278°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sverdlovsk Oblast[1] |
| Founded | November 18, 1723[2] |
| City status since | 1796 |
| Government | |
| • Body | City Duma[3] |
| • Head[4] | Yevgeny Roizman[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 495 km2 (191 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 237 m (778 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 1,349,772 |
• Estimate (2015)[7] | 1,428,042 |
| • Rank | 4th in 2010 |
| • Density | 2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | City of Yekaterinburg[8] |
| • Capital of | Sverdlovsk Oblast,[1] City of Yekaterinburg |
| • Urban okrug | Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug[9] |
| • Capital of | Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug[9] |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2  [10]) |
| Postal code(s)[11] | 620000 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 343[11] |
| OKTMO ID | 65701000001 |
| City Day | 3rd Saturday of August |
| Website | www |
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Yekaterinburg (Russian: Екатеринбу́рг, IPA: [jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk]), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the border of Europe and Asia.[13][14] At the 2010 Census, it had a population of 1,349,772.[6]
Yekaterinburg is the main industrial and cultural center of the Ural Federal District. Between 1924 and 1991, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Свердло́вск) after the Communist party leader Yakov Sverdlov.
History
Imperial Russia
Vasily Tatishchev and Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg in 1723 and named it after the wife of Tsar Peter the Great, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine I.[2] The official date of the city's foundation is November 18, 1723.[2] It was granted town status in 1796.[citation needed]
The city was one of Russia's first industrial cities, prompted at the start of the eighteenth century by decrees from the Tsar requiring the development in Yekaterinburg of metal-working businesses. The city was built, with extensive use of iron, to a regular square plan with iron works and residential buildings at the centre. These were surrounded by fortified walls, so that Yekaterinburg was at the same time both a manufacturing centre and a fortress at the frontier between Europe and Asia. It therefore found itself at the heart of Russia's strategy for further development of the entire Ural region. The so-called Siberian highway became operational in 1763 and placed the city on an increasingly important transit route, which led to its development as a focus of trade and commerce between east and west, and gave rise to the description of the city as the "window on Asia". With the growth in trade and the city's administrative importance, the ironworks became less critical, and the more important buildings were increasingly built using expensive stone. Small manufacturing and trading businesses proliferated. In 1781 Russia's empress, Catherine the Great, nominated the city as the administrative centre for the wider region, which led to a further increase in the numbers of military and administrative personnel in the city.[citation needed]
The Tsar's family
Following the October Revolution, the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II were sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In the early hours of the morning of July 17, 1918, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra, and their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Tsarevich Alexei were executed by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. On July 16, 1918, the Czechoslovak legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. The Bolsheviks executed the deposed imperial family, believing that the Czechoslovaks were on a mission to rescue them. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city.
In 1977, the Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin, to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists. Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998.[15]
On August 24, 2007, the BBC reported that Russian archaeologists had found the remains of two children of Russia's last Tsar. The remains were discovered in the ground close to the site in Yekaterinburg where the former Tsar, his wife, and their three other daughters were found in 1991 along with the remains of four servants. The discoveries in 2007 are thought to be those of Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria. Archaeologist Sergei Pogorelov said bullets found at the burial site indicate the children had been shot. He told Russian television the newly unearthed bones belonged to two young people: a young male aged roughly 10–13 and a young woman about 18–23. Ceramic vessels found nearby appear to have contained sulfuric acid, consistent with an account by one of the Bolshevik firing squad, who said that after shooting the family they doused the bodies in acid to destroy the flesh and prevent them becoming objects of veneration.[16] The Tsar's remains were given a state funeral in July 1998.[17]
1930s and World War II
During the 1930s, Yekaterinburg was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a center of heavy industry, during which time the famous Uralmash was built. Then, during World War II, many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Yekaterinburg away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Yekaterinburg after the victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Yekaterinburg (known as Sverdlovsk during Soviet times) in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945.[citation needed]
1960s
The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Yekaterinburg sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of Khrushchev's government.
On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Francis Gary Powers while under the employ of the CIA, was shot down over Sverdlovsk Oblast. He was captured, put on trial, found guilty of espionage and sentenced to seven years of hard labour. He served only about a year before being exchanged for Rudolph Abel, a high-ranking KGB spy, who had been apprehended in the United States in 1957.
Anthrax outbreak
There was an anthrax outbreak in Yekaterinburg (then called Sverdlovsk) in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility.[18]
1991 coup
During the 1991 coup d'état attempt, Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in the event that Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time.[19] Shortly after the failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 4 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative center, kept its name.
Administrative and municipal status
Yekaterinburg is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of the administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg[8]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug.[9]
Geography and climate
Yekaterinburg is situated on the border of Europe and Asia, 1,667 kilometers (1,036 mi) east of Moscow, on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains on the Iset River. It is surrounded by wooded hills, partially cultivated for agricultural purposes, and small lakes. The city features a humid continental climate (Dfb) under the Köppen climate classification. The winter lasts for about six months—from October until the middle of April—and the temperature may fall to −45 °C (−49 °F), though rarely lower than −20 °C (−4 °F) to −25 °C (−13 °F). Summer in the Urals is short, with warm weather for only 65–70 days and an average temperature of +18 °C (64 °F). The city's location "behind" the mountain range and highly variable winds mean that the weather is quite changeable from one day to the next and from year to year.
| Climate data for Yekaterinburg | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
31.9 (89.4) |
24.7 (76.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.6 (−48.3) |
−42.4 (−44.3) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27 (1.1) |
20 (0.8) |
21 (0.8) |
28 (1.1) |
50 (2.0) |
75 (3.0) |
90 (3.5) |
73 (2.9) |
58 (2.3) |
39 (1.5) |
33 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
541 (21.3) |
| Average rainy days | 1 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 147 |
| Average snowy days | 26 | 23 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 23 | 25 | 144 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 75 | 68 | 60 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 78 | 79 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 47 | 94 | 164 | 206 | 256 | 272 | 269 | 217 | 143 | 78 | 51 | 37 | 1,834 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[20] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[21] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Having decreased during the 1990s, the population started to grow slowly in the 21st century.
| 1724 | 1781 | 1820 | 1861 | 1917 | 1926 | 1939 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,000 | 7,969 | 13,026 | 19,832 | 71,590 | 134,800 | 423,000 |
| 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | |
| 778,600 | 1,025,000 | 1,211,200 | 1,364,621[22] | 1,293,537[23] | 1,349,772[6] |
Economy
The main areas of the city's industry are machinery, metal processing, and ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.[citation needed]
Recently the commercial economy has improved, and business centers like Yekaterinburg-City have been planned. The "Vysotsky" is the tallest skyscraper in Russia outside of Moscow.
Ural Airlines has its head office in Yekaterinburg.[24]
Transportation
Yekaterinburg is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway, with lines reaching all parts of the Ural Mountains and the rest of Russia.
As the economy grew stronger after the recession of the 1990s, several European airlines started or resumed flying to the city's Koltsovo International Airport (SVX). These include Czech Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Finnair.
Yekaterinburg is also served by the smaller Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport.
The city's public transit network includes many tram, bus, trolleybus, Marshrutka routes and Yekaterinburg Metro which opened in 1991. Today, the Yekaterinburg Metro consists of one line, with a total of nine stations.
Education
The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and numerous other scientific research institutes and establishments are in Yekaterinburg. With its 16 state-owned universities and educational academies, as well as a number of private higher education institutions, Yekaterinburg is considered the leading educational and scientific center of the Urals. These institutions include the Ural Federal University (comprising Ural State University and Ural State Technical University), Ural State Pedagogical University, Ural State University of Forestry, Ural State Mining University, Ural State University of Railway Transport, Russian State Vocational Pedagogics University, Ural State University of Economics, Military Institute of Artillery, Ural State Conservatory, Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ural State Law Academy, Ural State Medical University, Ural State Academy of Performing Arts, Ural Academy of Public Service, Institute of International Relations, and the Urals Academy of Architecture.
Culture
The city has several dozen libraries, including the V. G. Belinsky Scientific Library, which is the largest public library in Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Yekaterinburg is home to numerous theatres and theatre companies: the Yekaterinburg State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Sverdlovsk Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, the Yekaterinburg Academic Dramatic Theater, the Yekaterinburg Theater for Young Spectators, the Volkhonka (a popular chamber theatre), and the Kolyada Theater (a chamber theatre founded by Russian playwright, producer and actor Nikolai Kolyada). Yekaterinburg is the center of New Drama, a movement of contemporary Russian playwrights Nikolai Kolyada, Vasily Sigarev, Konstantin Kostenko, the Presnyakov brothers, and Oleg Bogayev. Yekaterinburg is often called the capital of contemporary dance for a number of dance companies residing in the city: the Kipling, the Provincial Dances, the Tantstrest, and a special department of contemporary dance at the Yekaterinburg University of Humanities.
A number of popular Russian rock bands, such as Urfin Dzhyus, Chaif, Chicherina, Nautilus Pompilius, Nastya, Trek, Agata Kristi and Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii, were originally formed in Yekaterinburg (Ural Rock is often considered as a particular variety of rock music. Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are actually considered to be the main centers of the genre in Russia). Also, opera singers like Boris Shtokolov, Yuri Gulyayev, Vera Bayeva graduated from the Urals State Conservatory. The Ural Philharmonic Orchestra (currently conducted by Dmitry Liss), founded by Mark Paverman and located in Yekaterinburg, is also very popular in Russia and in Europe, as well as the Ural Academic Popular Chorus, a folk-singing and dance ensemble.
There are over thirty museums in Yekaterinburg, including several museums of Ural minerals and jewelry, art galleries, one of the largest collections anywhere of Kasli mouldings (a traditional kind of cast-iron sculpture in the Urals), and the Shigirskaya Kladovaya (Шигирская кладовая), or Shigir Collection, which includes the oldest wood sculpture in the world: the Shigir Idol, found near Nevyansk and estimated to have been made about 9,500 years ago. Only here can you see a collection of Nevyansk icons, in the Nevyansk Icon Museum, with more than 300 icons representing the 18th through the 20th centuries on display.
In 2014, the city showcased its education, literary, art and theater culture through the Russian Year of Culture Program.[25]
Vladimir Yelizarov's Recording Studio SVE Records is based in Yekaterinburg. The studio is in a private residence built in 1837 under the title "The House of the Misters", in one of the historical centers of Yekaterinburg city, two hundred meters from Verkh-Isetsky Lake. In 1987, American singer Tina Turner recorded two tracks, which later appeared on her 1989 album Foreign Affair, whilst in the city as part of her highly acclaimed Break Every Rule World Tour.
Yekaterinburg also has a circus building, and one of the tallest incomplete architectural structures in the world, the Yekaterinburg TV Tower. There are also a number of unusual monuments: e. g. a popular landmark Keyboard monument and a monument to Michael Jackson.[26]
According to Yekaterinburg News, the city has signed a cooperative agreement with the Russian mobile operator Vimpelcom, working under the Beeline brand. The partnership will involve cooperation on investment projects and social programs focused on increasing access to mobile services in the city. Beeline has launched an initiative to provide Wi-Fi services in 500 public trams and trolley buses in Yekaterinburg.[27]
Sports
| Club | Sport | Founded | Current League | League Rank |
Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast | Association Football | 1930 | Russian Premier League | 1st | Central Stadium |
| Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg | Ice Hockey | 2006 | Kontinental Hockey League | 1st | KRK Uralets |
| Avto Yekaterinburg | Ice Hockey | 2009 | Minor Hockey League | Jr. 1st | KRK Uralets |
| Spartak-Merkury | Ice Hockey | 1992 | Women's Hockey Championship | 1st | Sports Palace Snezhinka |
| SKA-Sverdlovsk | Bandy | 1935 | Russian Bandy Supreme League | 2nd | NTZ stadium |
| Ural Yekaterinburg | Basketball | 2006 | Russian Basketball Super League | 2nd | Palace of Team Sports |
| UGMK Yekaterinburg | Basketball | 1938 | Women's Basketball Premier League | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
| Lokomotiv-Izumrud Yekaterinburg | Volleyball | 1945 | Volleyball Supreme League A | 2nd | Palace of Team Sports |
| Uralochka Yekaterinburg | Volleyball | 1966 | Women's Volleyball Superleague | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
| Sinara Yekaterinburg | Futsal | 1992 | Futsal Super League | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
The city is also one of the 11 host-cities that will receive matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches will be played on the upgraded Central Stadium.
International relations
Consulates
The United States,[28] United Kingdom,[29] Germany,[30] France,[31] China[32] and several other countries have consulates in Yekaterinburg.
BRIC Summit
The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on June 16, 2009, in Yekaterinburg,[33] with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending.
The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had also met in Yekaterinburg previously on May 16, 2008.
World Expo
In June 2013, at the 153rd General Assembly of the Bureau of International Expositions held in Paris, representatives from Yekaterinburg presented the city’s bid to host the 2020 World Expo. Yekaterinburg’s concept for the upcoming exhibition relates to the impact of globalization on the modern world.
Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed during a televised statement in English to earmark the required funds to build an exhibition complex large enough to receive the estimated 30 million visitors from more than 150 countries.[34]
Twin towns and sister cities
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2015) |
Yekaterinburg is a sister city of:
Notable people
- Irina Antonenko, Miss Russia 2010
- Vera Bazarova, pairs figure skater
- Pavel Bazhov, folklorist and children's author
- Old Man Bukashkin, artist and poet
- Pavel Datsyuk, ice hockey player
- Chiang Fang-liang, former first lady of Taiwan
- Denis Galimzyanov, sprinter cyclist
- Anna Gavrilenko, Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
- Nikolay Karpol, national women volleyball team coach
- Nikolai Khabibulin, ice hockey player
- Alexei Yashin, ice hockey player
- Alexei Khvostenko, avant-garde poet, singer-songwriter, artist, and sculptor
- Ilya Kormiltsev, poet, translator, publisher
- Olga Kotlyarova, Olympic runner
- Maxim Kovtun, figure skater
- Vladislav Krapivin, children's author
- Valeria Savinykh, WTA Professional player
- Nikolay Krasovsky, mathematician
- Yulia Lipnitskaya, figure skater
- Iskander Makhmudov, businessman
- Vladimir Malakhov, ice hockey player
- Gennady Mesyats, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Maxim Miroshkin, pairs figure skater
- Alfia Nazmutdinova, rhythmic gymnast
- Ernst Neizvestny, sculptor
- Oleg Platonov, writer, historian, and economist
- Eduard Rossel, ex-governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast
- Boris Ryzhy, poet
- Vera Sessina, rhythmic gymnast
- Georgy Shishkin, painter
- Vassily Sigarev, playwright
- Sergei Tchepikov, Olympic biathlon competitor
- Vladimir Tretyakov, ex-rector of the Ural State University
- Lev Vainshtein, Olympic shooter
- Sergei Vonsovsky, physicist
Other
- A ballistic missile submarine of the Project 667BDRM Delfin class (NATO reporting name: Delta IV) is named Ekaterinburg (K-84/"807") in honor of the city.
- The asteroid 27736 Ekaterinburg was named in the city's honor on June 1, 2007.
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Law #30-OZ
- ^ a b c Haywood, A. J. (2010). Siberia: A Cultural History, Oxford University Press, p. 32
- ^ Charter of Yekaterinburg, Article 24.1
- ^ a b Official website of Yekaterinburg. Alexander Edmundovich Yakob, Head of Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg Template:Ru icon
- ^ Стратегический план развития Екатеринбурга до 2015 года. Раздел II. Исходные конкурентные возможности Екатеринбурга. Внутренние факторы развития города.
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 401», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 65 401, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c Law #85-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ a b Ekaterinburg.com. General Information
- ^ a b "History - Официальный портал Екатеринбурга". Ekburg.ru. January 7, 1934. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/
- ^ http://www.ekaterinburg-ural.com/where-ekaterinburg-russia
- ^ "President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder". BBC News. July 17, 1998. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ "Russia dig finds 'tsar's family'". BBC News. August 24, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ "President Yelsin's speech". BBC News. July 17, 1998. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ Matthew S. Meselson, et al., "The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", Science 266:5188 (November 18, 1994): 1202–1208.
- ^ Martin McCauley, "Who's who in Russia since 1900", Routledge, 1997: p.133.
- ^ "Климат Екатеринбурга" (in Russian). Погода и климат. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ^ "Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Home page. Ural Airlines. Retrieved on July 18, 2010. "Address: Utrenniy 1g, Yekaterinburg Russia, 620025, SITA SVXTOU6" Russian address: Home page. "Адрес: 620025, Россия, Екатеринбург, пер. Утренний, 1г"
- ^ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg to showcase city’s cultural achievements during Year of Culture". Yekaterinburg News. February 13, 2014. (Retrieved 02-13-2014).
- ^ "Monument to Michael Jackson unveiled in Yekaterinburg: Photo gallery". :. June 29, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg signs cooperative agreement with Vimpelcom under Beeline brand", Yekateringburg News, July 19, 2013. (Retrieved July 22, 2013).
- ^ "Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg". Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Official website of the British Consulate General in Yekaterinburg". Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Official website of the German Consulate General in Yekaterinburg". Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Official website of the French Consulate General in Yekaterinburg". Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Chinese Consulate General in Yekaterinburg". Retrieved September 7, 2013.
- ^ "First summit for emerging giants". BBC News. June 16, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ Hamilton, Louis (June 18, 2013). "Yekaterinburg presents city's bid for 2020 World Expo". Yekaterinburg News. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
- ^ "San Jose Sister City". Retrieved 2014.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Guangzhou Sister Cities [via WaybackMachine.com]". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- ^ "Hamadan". Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ^ "2012 Membership Directory SCI" (PDF). Retrieved May 3, 2015.
Sources
- Екатеринбургская городская Дума. Решение №8/1 от 30 июня 2005 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"», в ред. Решения №1/27 от 27 января 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Екатеринбургской городской Думы", №95, 15 июля 2005 г. (Yekaterinburg City Duma. Decision #8/1 of June 30, 2005 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg", as amended by the Decision #1/27 of January 27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Областной закон №30-ОЗ от 20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Oblast Law #30-OZ of May 20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #32-OZ of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
- Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Закон №85-ОЗ от 12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от 29 октября 2013 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение 39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Law #85-OZ of July 12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #107-OZ of October 29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
External links
- Official website of Yekaterinburg Template:Ru icon
- Website in English about Yekaterinburg & the Ural region
- Panoramic views of Yekaterinburg
- YekaterinburgNews, online newspaper of Yekaterinburg
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