Zinc phosphide

Zinc phosphide^[1]
Names
	Other names trizinc diphosphide
Identifiers
CAS Number	1314-84-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	11344765 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.859
UNII	813396S1PC ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1024386 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2P.3Zn Key: NQDYSWQRWWTVJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/2P.3Zn/rP2Zn3/c3-1-5-2-4 Key: NQDYSWQRWWTVJU-WGUIJFGEAN;
	SMILES [Zn]=P[Zn]P=[Zn];
Properties
Chemical formula	Zn3P2
Molar mass	258.12 g/mol
Appearance	gray tetragonal crystals
Density	4.55 g/cm3
Melting point	420°C
Boiling point	1100°C
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol, soluble in benzene, reacts with acids
Structure
Crystal structure	Tetragonal, tP40
Space group	P42/nmc, No. 137
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Zinc phosphide (Zn₃ P₂) is an inorganic chemical compound.

Metal phosphides have been used as rodenticides. A mixture of food and zinc phosphide is left where the rodents can eat it. The acid in the digestive system of the rodent reacts with the phosphide to generate the toxic phosphine gas. This method of vermin control has possible use in places where rodents immune to many of the common poisons have appeared. Other pesticides similar to zinc phosphide are aluminium phosphide and calcium phosphide.

Zinc phosphide is typically added to rodent baits in amount of around 0.75-2%. The baits have strong, pungent garlic-like odor characteristic for phosphine liberated by hydrolysis. The odor attracts rodents, but has a repulsive effect on other animals; birds, notably wild turkeys, are not sensitive to the smell. The baits have to contain sufficient amount of zinc phosphide in sufficiently attractive food in order to kill rodents in a single serving; a sublethal dose may cause aversion towards zinc-phosphide baits encountered by surviving rodents in the future.

Rodenticide-grade zinc phosphide usually comes as a black powder containing 75% of zinc phosphide and 25% of antimony potassium tartrate, an emetic to cause vomiting if the material is accidentally ingested by humans or domestic animals. However, it is still effective against rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, all of which do not have a vomiting reflex. [1]

Reactions

Zinc phosphide can be prepared by the reaction of zinc with phosphorus:

3Zn + 2P → Zn₃P₂

Zinc phosphide will react with water to produce phosphine (PH₃) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)₂):

Zn₃P₂ + 6H₂O → 2PH₃ + 3Zn(OH)₂

References

^ Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 4–95, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

External links

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[hand-1] Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 4–95, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

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